HANDBOUND
AT THE

UNIVERSITY OF
TORONTO PRESS

LINS'S

peerage of Cnglanti;

GENEALOGICAL,
BIOGRAPHICAL, AND HISTORICAL.

GREATLY AUGMENTED,
AND CONTINUED TO THE PRESENT TIME,

BY

SIR EGERTON BRYDGES, K. J.

IN NINE VOLUMES.
VOL. V.

LONDON:

PRINTED FOR F. C. AND J. RIVINGTON,- OTRIDGE AND SON,
J. NICHOLS AND CO. T. PAYNE, WILKIE AND ROBINSON, J.
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1812.

T. Bensley, Printer,
Bolt Court, Fleet Street, L»nHon,

CONTENTS OF VOL. V.

EARLS.

Page

JVest, Earl Delawarr 1

Bouverie, Earl of Radnor 29

Spencer, Earl Spencer. ' « . 42

Pitt, Earl of Chatham 45

Bathurst, Earl Bathurst 80

Hill, Earl of Hillsborough. 96

Bruce Brudenell, Earl of Aylesbury 107

Villiers, Earl of Clarendon 130

Murray, Countess of Mansfield 133

Neville, Earl of Abergavenny 151

Paget, Earl of Uxhridge 174

Gordon, Earl of Norwich 201

Talbot, Earl Talbot 229

Grosvenor, Earl Grosvenor 239

Pratt, Earl Camden 264

Murray, Earl Strange 2/2

Edgcumbe, Earl of Mount Edgecumbe 306

Fortescue, Earl Fortescue 335

Digby, Earl Digby 348

Percy, Earl of Beverley 386

Murray, Earl Mansfield 388

Herbert, Earl of Caernarvon 39O

Jenkinson Earl of Liverpool 392

Jervis, Earl of St. Vincent 399

Cadogan, Earl Cadogan 410

Harris, Earl of Malmsbury 421

Erskine, Earl of Rosslyn 427

Craven, Earl Craven 446

Onslow, Earl Onslow 461

Marsham, Earl of Romney 482

Pelham, Earl of Chichester , 488

IV CONTENTS.

Page

Egcrton, Earl of Wilton 528

Clive, Earl of Powis 543

Nelson, Earl Nelson 55?

Pierrepont, Earl Manvers 626

Walpole, Earl of Orford 631

Grey, Earl Grey 676

Lowther, Earl of Lonsdale 695

Ryder, Earl ofHarrowly 717

fttf" The Reader is requested to turn also to the Addenda at the end of
the Volume for the latest dates, and a few corrections, of every article.

THE

PEE1AGE OF ENGLAND,

EARLS.

WEST, EARL DELAWARR.

This ancient family have been Barons by the male line from
1342 ; their ancestor, Sir Thomas West, having been summoned
to parliament as Lord West, \6 Edw. III. The Barony of Dela-
warr, which takes date from 1294, having been brought into the
family by marriage about 1400.

That this family had large, possessions in the west of England,
our public records and other evidences, prove, and, it is probable,
on that account, had the name of West.

The first that I can, with certainty, fix on, as ancestor to the
present Earl Delawarr, is Sir Thomas de West, Knight, first
Lord West, who having married Eleanor, daughter and heir of
SirJohnde Cantil#pe, of Hempston Cantilupe in com. Devon.
Knight, by Margaret, his wife, daughter of John Lord Mohun, of
Dunster in com. Somerset, had, in 1 7 Edward II. a entailed on
him, and his said wife, and on the heirs of their two bodies, the
manor of Sniterfield in com. Warw.. The same year he obtained
from the King b a charter for a market, every week, there upon

a Fin. in co. War. lev. ann. 17 Edw, II,
u Cart. 17 Edw. 1 1, no. 10.
vol. v. a

£ PEERAGE OF ENGLAND

Tuesday: as also for a fair, yearly, upon the eve and day of St*
Kenelme, and six days after; likewise for free warren, to them,
and the heirs of their two bodies, in their demesne lands there. In
the said 17th year of Edward II. c he served in the parliament
then held at Westminster, as one of the knights for the county of
Warwick.

In 1326, he received the honour of knighthood by bathing,
&c. his robes, and all accoutrements for that solemnity, d being
then allowed out of the King's great Wardrobe : and the same
year, going into France with the King,e had his protection (dated
August 20lh, that year) till Christmas following.

In 1327, 1 Edw. III. f he obtained leave from the King to
make a castle of his manor house at Rughcomle in Wiltshire; and
on 8 May 26th, 1329, he embarked at Dover with the King, when
his Majesty went to do homage to the French Monarch, Philip
VI. for the duchy of Guienne, earldom of Ponthieu, &c. which "
was performed verbally in the cathedral of Amiens, on June (5th,
and not after the manner of his predecessors, by putting off the
crown, and laying aside both sword and spurs, to do it kneeling.

In 4 Edw. III.' he was made governor of Christ-chuch castle
in com. Southamp. In the ytar after, k King Edward having
summoned David Bruce, King of Scotland, to do his homage, as
also to render to him the town of Berwick, and his refusal thereof
occasioning a war with Scotland, ' this Sir Thomas was present at
the siege of Berwick, and memorable battle of Halidown, July
23d, 1333, and thereupon a truce ensued, which being near ex-
pired, in 1335, the King, about Midsummer, m at the head of his
army, on July 12th, entered Scotland in an hostile manner," in
which expedition this Sir Thomas de West was also with him.
He was likewise with the King, in 12 Edw. Ill, ° who, on July
l6th, took shipping in the port of Orwell, in com. Stiff, having
in company 500 sail of ships, and many Barons : and on the ex-
pedition into Flanders, being in the retinue of William Earl of
Salisbury, he had thereupon a protection, p dated July 10th, that
year, to hold in force till Christmas following. He was also
there % in 1 3 Edw. III. and the same year, in consideration of those

c Claus. 17 Ed. II. in dors. 01.24. a Comp. Tho. de Useflete.

e Rymcr's Foed. torn. iv. p. 161. f Pat. 1 Ed. III. p. 2, m. 10.

6 Rymer's Feed. tom. iv. p. 388. h Barnes's Hist. Ed. III. p. 36.

> Rot. Fin. an. 4. Ed. III. m. it. * Barnes's Hist. Ed. III. p. 70.

1 Rot. Scot. 7 Ed. III. m. 1 ,u Barnes, p. 94.

Rot. Scot. 9 Ed. III. m. 9. • Barnes's Hist. Ed. III. p. 129.

y p Rymer's Foed. tom. v. p. 63. q Rot. Aleman. 13 Ed. Ill*

EARL OF DELAWARE*, 3

his services, had a r grant in fee, for return of all writs and sum-
mons of the Exchequer, within his manor of Swacliff, and Sutton,
in Wiltshire.

In 16 Edward III.8 the Countess of Montford sending from
Brittany to the King for succours, and Laurence de Hastings, Earl
of Pembroke, being dispatched, he * accompanied him in that ex-
pedition into France, wherein he behaved so well, and merited sb
much in other his great employments, that, the same year, the
King thought him u worthy of a seat in parliament, among the
Barons of this realm. And deceasing in w 17 Edward III. left
issue, by Eleanor his wife, aforesaid, Sir Thomas, his son and
heir, who then became possessed of the manors of Hempston-
Cantilupe, and Gieat Torington, in com. Devon, as is evident
from the inquisition taken after the death of his said father. By
the same wife he had also another son, John, besides Thomas.

Which Thomas, in \g Edward III. was in the x French wars,
in the retinue of Richard Earl of Arundel ; in which year/ divers
strong towns and castles were taken. The year after, 1340, he
was with the King in his wars in France,2 and in the famous
battle of Cressy. In 29 Edward III.a he was in the wars of
Scotland. In 33 Edw. III.b he went with the Lord Chamberlain,
Thomas de Cherleton, into Gascony, and was in the service there,
the 44th yearc of that King's reign. In 1 Richard II.d he was
on board that fleet sent to scour the seas of the French and Scots;
and in 3 Richard II .e in the wars of France. In 8 Richard II. f
he was retained to serve in the wars against the Scotch for forty
days, the King being in person there ; and in Q Richard II. s for
one quarter of that year, in fortifying of Calais. In 1386, 10
Richard II.h he was again retained to serve against the French.
He ' died k on September 3d, the same year, seised of the manor

r Rot. Vase. 13 Edward III. m. 10. s Barnes's Hist. Edw. III. p. 256.

»• R. Franc. 16 Edward III. m. 26. » R. Claus. ejusd. ann.

w Esc. 17 Edward III. x Rot. Franc. 19 Edward III. m, 16.

y Barnes's Hist. Edward III. p. 31, to p. 328.
z Rot. Franc. 20 Edward HI. p. _. m. 2.
a Rot. Scot. 29 Edward III. m. 9. •> Rot. Vase. 33 Edward III. p. 2.'

c Rot. Vase. 44 Edward III. m. 9. «* Rot. Franc. 1. R. II. p. 2. m. 6.

c Ibid. 3 Richard II. m. 6. f Ex Autog. penes Cler. pell.

S Ibid. h Rot. Franc 10 Richard II. m. 13.

* Esc. 10 Richard II. n. 52.
k Writs of Summons were not always regularly continued at this time from
funcr to son j and I do not find that this Sir Thomas received a writ.

4 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

of Compton- Valence, in Dorsetshire ; of the third part of the
manor of Trente, in com. Somerset ; of the manors of Snyterfelde,
in com. War, j Welneford (now Wetford), Weston, and Willer-
seye, in com. Gloucest. j Hempston-Cantilupe, in com. Devon, j
Okehangre, New ton -Valence, and Terstwode, in com. Southampt.
Wyke, and Haseldene, in com. Lane, j East Hacche, Napprede,
Roughcombe, Swalclyve, Eston near Berewyck, Upton, Bradmore,
Sutton-Mandevile, and Stratford-Tony, and Newton-Tony, in
com. Wilts,

By Alice his wife, ! daughter of Reginald Fitz-Piers, Baron of
Wolverley, in Worcestershire (and of Joan his wife, daughter and
heir of Sir Edm. Hallet, Knt,),m he had Thomas, his son and
heir, twenty-one years of age, in the said 10 Richard IT.

Alice, his said wife, surviving him, made her will at Hynton-
Martel, in com. Dorset, "on Thursday, July 15th, 1395, wherein
she orders her body to be buried in the priory of the Canons of
Christ-church, in com. Southamp. with her ancestors ; and gave
to Thomas, her son, a bed of tapiters work, as also a pair of
matyn-books, a pair of beads, and a ring wherewith she was
espoused to God, which were the Lord her father's : to Joan, her
son's wife, a bed paled black and white, a mass-book, and all her
books of Latin, English, and French \ also the vestments of her
chapel, and what belongs to the altar, with all other apparel
thereunto belonging j as silver ba3ons, with escutcheons of her
ancestors arms, &c. to Sir Nicholas Clyfton, Knt. and Eleanor
his wife, her daughter, and Thomas Clyfton, her son, one hun-
dred and twenty pounds : to her sister, dame Lucy Fitz-Herbert,
Prioress of Shaftesbury, forty pounds : to her sister, Thomasine
Blount, a nun at Romesey, in com. Southampt. forty marks. And
she bequeathed eighteen pounds ten shillings, for four thousand
four hundred masses, to be sung and said for the soul of Sir Tho-
mas West, her lord and husband, her own soul, and all Christian
souls, in the most haste that might be, within fourteen nights
next after her decease : also forty pounds to the Canons of Christ-
church, to read and sing mass f6r her Lord's soul, and her own,
while the world shall last. She further bequeaths to the nuns of
St. Olaves, in London, and to the priests of the said house, one
hundred shillings, for to pray for the soul of her Lord and hus-
band, Sir Thomas West, her own soul, and for the estate of

1 Lib. Gen. Eng. & IreJ. MS. no. 257. p. 22. in Bibl. Lambeth.

m Esc. in Richard II. n. 52.

n R?g. Rous. qu. 2,6, in cur. Prserog. Cant.

EARL OF DELAWARR. , 5

Thomas, her son, Joan his wife, and their children,: to the reli-
gious women dwelling without Aldgate, London ; and to those
of the houses of Shaftesbury, Romerslye, Wilton; the friars within
Newgate, London; the friars preachers within Ludgate, London;
the friars in Fleet-street; the friars Augustines within Bishops-
gate ; the friars preachers of Winchester ; the friars Mendicant
of Winchester; the friars of Southampton; the friars preachers
of Salisbury; the friars Mendicant of Salisbury; the friars preach-
ers of Bristol ; to each of them one hundred shillings. The rest
of her goods, &c. she bequeaths to Thomas, her son, requiring,
wherever she dies, that her body should be carried to the priory
of Christ-church, and there buried at the first mass, with a taper
of six pounds of wax standing and burning at her head, and an-
other at her feet ; and constitutes Thomas, her son, sole execu-
tor. Given and written in Cherlton, without Newgate, in the
parish of St. Sepulchre, London, the day and year aforesaid. She
deceased the same year, as by inquisition appears.

Sir Thomas, Lord West, her son, succeeding his father, was
in the wars0 of France 11 Rich. II. and in 1395, 19 Rich. II on
the death of his mother, Alice, doing his p homage, had livery of
the lands which she held in dower. In 1399, being at that time
a Knight, and to go with Edward Duke of Albemarle into °> Ire-
land, for the defence of that realm, he had the King's protection/
dated April 20th, that year. He was summoned s to parliament,
among the Barons of the realm, in 2 and 5 Henry IV. and by
his will,1 dated April 8th, 1405 (6 Henry IV.) ordered his body
to be laid in the new chapel, in the minster of Christ-church-
Twyneham Monastery, in Hampshire ; bequeathing to the work
of that church one hundred pounds, and another hundred to the
Treasury there, conditionally, that the Canons of that priory,
once in a year, keep solemnly the obit of Thomas his father,
Alice his mother, and Joan his wife. He also bequeathed
eighteen pounds, eighteen shillings, and four pence, for four
thousand five hundred masses for his soul, to be said within half
a year after his decease. Likewise to his daughter, Joan, one
thousand pounds. He died on Easter-day, April l^th, the same
year, seised of the manors" of Burton-Peverell, Okehangre,

0 Rot. Franc. 11 Richard II. m.9. P R. Fin. 19 Richard II. m. 19.

1 Pat. S2 Richard II. p. 3. m. 8. q. r Rymer's Feed. torn. VIII. p. 79.

9 Claus.de ejusd. ami. in dors.
* Ex Reg. Arundel, fol. 108. infr. Lambeth. u Esc. 7 Henry IV. n. 26.

6 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND,

Winkton, Newton-Valence, Terstwode, and Hale, in com. South.

Hempston-Cantelupe, in com. Devon. ; Blackington, in com.

Sussexj and Wolverton, Bere, and Newton-Peverell, in com.

Dorset.

By another x inquisition, taken in 14 Henry TV. it'was found

that he also died seised of the manors of Bloxham, in Lincoln-
shire; Burstal, and Herdeby, in com. Leicest. ; and Snyterfield,
in com. Warw.^

By z Joan, his said wife, sister and heir to Thomas De la Wdrr,
Lord and Baron De la Warr, and daughter of Roger Lord De la
*Warr,a by Eleanor, his second wife, daughter of John Lord Mou-
bray, son of John, by Joan his wife, daughter of Henry Duke of
Lancaster, grandson to King Henry III. and lineally descended
from Roger De la War, summoned to parliament, as a Baron,h
June 8th, 1294, 22 Edward I. he had issue three sons; I. Tho-
mas. 2. Reginald. 3. John.

Thomas Lord West, his eldest son and heir, was fourteen
years oldc at his father's death ;. and, in 7 Henry IV. having
married Ida, one of the daughters and coheirs of Almaric de St.
Amand ; and making proof of her age, had livery of the lands of
her inheritance. In 8 Henry IV. he was one of those Peers in
parliament, who set their hands and seals for settling the succes-
sion of the crown on Henry Prince of Wales, and the heirs of
his body; with remainder to his brothers, Thomas, John, and
Humphry, and the heirs male of their bodies ; by which the fe-
male heirs were excluded. In 3 Henry V. he was in the wars
of d France with that victorious King; and, whilst he was abroad,
made his will, on the feast of St. Peter ad Vincula, August 1st,
1415, dated e at Stone-brigge, beyond the seas; wherein he or-
dered that no more than forty pounds should be laid out in meat,

x Bar. extinct. MS. penes meips. p. jj. b.
y From some early branch of this family, settled in Buckinghamshire, de-
scended Gilbert West, the poet, and his brother, Admiral West, father of the
present Admiral West.

z Esc. 14 Henry IV. n. 8.
» Roger De la Warr, Lord De la Warr, having been instrumental in making
John, King of France, prisoner at the battle of Poictiers, on September 19th,
1356, had the crampet, or chape, of that Monarch's sword, as a memorial of his
share in that exploit; and he and his successors wore it, as an honourable aug-
mentation ill their armorial bearings.

b Dugdale's Summons to Parliament, p. 6, and 7.
* Claus. 7 Henry IV. m. 6. of Vol. II.
•* Rot. Franc. 3 Henry V. m. 17. e Reg. Chichley, p. 1. p. 297.

EARL OF DELAWARR. « f

drink, and tapers, upon the day of his funeral ; and twenty-four
pounds given to two priests, to celebrate divine service for his
soul, for two years after his decease, as also for the souls of his
progenitors, and all the faithful deceased. On f May 13th ensu-
ing, -being then a Knight, he was appointed, with Thomas Mon-
tagu, Earl of Salisbury, and Sir Thomas de Camoys, Knight, to
array and muster all persons fit to bear arms, both hoblers and
archers, in the counties of Southampton, Wiltshire, and Dorset-
shire, to serve the King against the French and Genoese. On
September 30th following, he departed this lifes beyond the sea,
being then in France h with the King} and died seised of the
manors of Bloxam in Kestewen, in com. Line, j Hempston-Can-
tilupe, in com. Devon; Snyterfield, in com. Warw.; Burstall,
and Herdeby, in com. Leic. 5 Compton- Valence, Hynton-Mar-
tell, Bere, Newton near Sturmyster-Marshall, and Mapoudre, in
Dorsetshire ; Nortou-Midsomer, in Somersetshire; Burton-Peve-
rell, Okehangre, Newton-Valence, Terstwode, and Winketon. in
com. Southamp. ; Stratford-Tony, and Newton-Tony, in Wilt-
shire; also of the manors of Iwehurst, Sutton- Peverell, Offington,
Bletchington, and Rype,1 and honour of Aquila (or the Eagle),
in com. Sussex ; leaving Reginald, his brother and heir, at that
time twenty-one years old.

Which Reginald, Lord De la Warr and West, doing
his homage soon after, had k livery of his lands ; and before the
end of that year1 (4 Henry V.), was in the French wars, and
made governor of m St* Cloue, in Constantine, in Normandy, on
the surrender thereof to the Duke of Gloucester. Also, in J
Henry V. he was made Captain n of the castle of la Mote, in
Normandy j and in 9 Henry V. was again in the ° French wars.
In 5 Henry VI. on the death of Thomas Lord De la Warr, he
had livery p of the lands of his mother's inheritance, she being
sister and heir to the said Lord. And the same year, having pe-
titioned that he might have place and precedency among the
barons in parliament as Lord De la Warr/i he had summons to
parliament as Lord De la Warr, on July 5th, 1427, and on July
13th, 1428. In 8 Henry VI. he was again retained to server in

t Rymer's Feed. torn. IX. p. 351. g Esc. 4 Henry V. n. 28.

I Lib. Geneal. praed. i Ex Chart, penes Due. NovUCastri.

k Rot. Fin. 4 Henry V. m. 7. 1 Rot. Franc ejusd. ann. m. 4.

m Hall's Chron. part. 1. p. 58. n R0t. Norm. ? Henry V. p. 1. m. 2.

» Rot. Franc. 9 Henry V. m. 15. p Rot. Fin. an. $ Henry VI. m.4.

* Cotton's Records, p. 586. J Autog. penes Cier. Pel.

8 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

France for one year with thirty men at arms, and seventy arch eta;
and went s thither accordingly. In 19 Henry VI. being l beyond
the seas, he intended pilgrimage to the Holy Land ; where it is
probable he went ; for 1 find no further mention of him till 25
Henry VI. when he again procured a grant/1 dated December
10th, to go to Rome,, and thence to the Holy Land, to pay his
vows (with allowance of twenty-four servants in his retinue, and
thirty horses), carrying with him no other gold or silver, in bul-
lion or money, than what should be necessary to defray his ex-
pences, excepting a silver cup or two gilt ; and he had the King's
letters,x directed to Theodore, archbishop of Cologne, and to all
governors and commanders within his dominions, requesting, that
he might have free passage through their territories, without pay-
ment of any tribute, opening of his letters, or search of what he
carried. This I presume was his second journey thither. And
having v been summoned to parliament as Lord De la Warr,
from 5 Henry VI. to 28 of that King's reign, inclusive," died on
August 27th, 1451, 29 Henry VI. seised of the manors of Bur-
stall, and Herdeby, in com. Leicest. ; Bristelington, Shipton-
Malet, and North Perot, in Somersetshire; Wolveton, Mapoudre,
Hynton-Martell, Mayne-Martell, and Compton- Valence, in Dor-
setshire; Bournehall, and Hertesbourne, in com. Hertf. ; Offing-
ton, Sutton, Iwehurst, near Henfield, Porteslade, Aldryngton,
Blechington, Flecchyng,3 Rype, Exceter, Folkynton, and Sapur-
ton, Okehangre, Barton-Peverell, Newton-Valence, Tirestewode,
and Wynketon, in com. Southamp.; Alington, Newton-Tony,
Swatcliffe, East-Hacche, Eston, Brodmere, Lucies, Charleton,
and Fountell, in Wiltshire ; Wyke-Warr, in com. Glouc.j Henip-
ston-Cantilupe, in com. Devon. ; Fakenham-Aspes, in com.
Surf.; Swynesheved, Syxhill, and Bloxham, in com. Line; with
the b patronage of the abbey and parish Church of Swynesheved
aforesaid, and free chapel of Barthorp, [ and advowson of the
church of Bloxham, in com. Line. He left issue by c Eleanor his
wife, second daughter of Henry Earl of Northumberland, by
Eleanor his wife, daughter and heir of Richard, son and heir of
Robert Lord Poynings, two sons; viz. Richard, his heir, nineteen
years of age at his decease ; and

• Rot. Franc. S Henry VI. m. 19. * lb. 19. Henry VI. m. 6.

u Rymer's Feed. 11 torn. p. 148, 149. x Rot. Franc. 25 Hen. VI. m. 7.

y Rot. Claus. deiisd. ann. z Esc. 29 Henry VI. no. 21.

* Long afterwards one of the family seats ; and novr Lord Sheffield's.

fc Claus. ann. 29 Henry VI. m. 8. c Ex Stemmata apud Sion.

EARL OF DELAWARR. §

John, of whom, I find in Glover's Visitation of Yorkshire, of
1584, that, having married Agnes, daughter and heir of William
Iveson, of Waith, in that county, he resided there, and left issue
Richard West, his son and heir, of Stainborough, also of Waith,
in com. Ebor. ancestor of Francis West, of Waith, Esq. living
in 1584.

The said Reginald had also four daughters : Margaret, married
to Sir Thomas Erpingham, of Erpingham, in Sussex; Anne, to
Thomas Berkeley, of Beverston, in com. Glouc. ; Mary, to Roger
Leuknore, of the county of Sussex 5 and Catherine, to Roger Lord
Hungerford.

Which Richard, Lord De la Warr, being a stout assertor
of the interest of the house of Lancaster, in the wars of that time
against the house of York; and having with others d entered the
Tower of London, and endured a siege ;e he had, in consideration
of his singular services in 38 Henry VI. a grant of forty pounds
per aim. during life, payable out of the issues of the manor of
Old Wotton, in Wiltshire, part of the possessions of Richard Duke
of York, then attainted.

But, when the scene changed, he chose not to live under the
power of those to whom he had been an open adversary; which
induced him, in 3 Edward IV. to obtain leave to go abroad, and
accordingly it was granted him to go f beyond the seas, with
twelve servants, and as many horses, not exceeding the value of
forty shillings each, and there to continue. However, he did not
long remain abroad, for he s had summons to parliament from 38
Henry VI. to 1 2 Edward IV. inclusive ; and died h on March
10th, 1475-6, 16 Edward IV. possessed of the manors of Hemp-
ston-Cantilupe, in com. Devon. ; Mapoudre, Wolverton, Cher-
leton, Compton-Valence, Hynton-Martell, Mayn-Martell in
Newton-Peverell, in Dorsetshire; Bournehali, and Hertesbourne,
in com. Hertford; Newton-Valence, Wynketon, Barton-Peverell,
Okenhanger, and Tirstwode, in com. Southamp. ; Midsomer-
Norton, Brustlyngton, Shipton-Malet, Eston-Lucies, SwalclyrTe,
Est-Hacche, Alynton, Bredmere, Wyke, with the park of Rounde,
Sutton-Mandeville, Stratford-Tony, Hasildon, and Upton, in
Wiltshire. Leaving issue,1 by Catherine his first wife, daughter
of Robert Lord Hungerford, by Margaret (daughter and heir of
William Lord Botreaux), his wife, five sons ; viz. 1 . Thomas,

* Stow's Annals, p. 408. e pat. 38 Henry VI. p. 2. m. 22.

f Rot. Franc. 3 Edw. IV. m. 12. S Rot. claus. de ejus;L ann. in dors.

h Esc. 16 Edward IV. n. 6z. i Ex. Stem, praed. inBibl. Lambeth.

10 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

who succeeded him in his honours. 2. John. 3. Reginald. 4.
Edward. 5. Richard, a Franciscan friar at Greenwich.

Also two daughters ; Margaret,k wife of Sir Nicholas Strellcy,
of Strelley, in com. Nott. (who died at London, on April 30th,
1491, and was buried in the church of St. Andrew's Wardrobe,
near Baynard's Castle) ; and Margery, a nun at Syon, in Mid-
dlesex.

Which Thomas Lord Dklawarr, in the lifetime of his fa-
ther, though not more than eighteen years old, was in that expe-
dition into France,1 in 14/4, on which account he received
ninety-five pounds, eleven shillings, for a quarter's wages, for
four men at arras, and thirty archers, which were of his retinue.
He obtained a special m livery of his lands, on September 1st,
1475, though at that time he was not of full age ; and was in
such favour with King Henry VII. whom he assisted in attaining
the crown, that in the first year of his reign he gave him a grant,"
in special tail, of the castle, barony, honour, lordship, town, and
borough of Brembre, in Sussex j and of the manors of Kings-
Bernes, West-Grinsted, Knapp, and Washington, of the towns
and boroughs of Shoreham and Horsham, of the forest of St. Leo-
nard, with the parks of St. Leonards, with the parks of Beaubush
and Knap, of the hundreds of Braford, Stenynge, Grenstede,
Berbeche, and Wordham, with the half of the hundred of Este-
worthe, and half of the hundred of Fishergate ; late belonging to
John Howard, Duke of Norfolk, flain at Bos worth field, and the
which came to the crown by his attainder.

In 5 Henry VII. he was made Knight of the Bath ° at the
creation of Arthur Prince of Wales; and in 7 Henry VII. was
one p of the chief commanders in that army then sent into Flan-
ders, in aid of the Emperor Maximilian I. against the French.
Also,i in 1497* 12 Henry VII. had a chief command in those
forces that suppressed the Cornish men, at Blackheath, on June
22d. And, for his great services, was elected a Knight of the
Gaiter* in 2 Henry VIII. with Emanuel King of Portugal, and
Thomas Duke of Norfolk j and installed at Windsor, on May
11th, that year, and placed in the eleventh stall on the Prince's
side. In 1513, 5 Henry VIII. attending King Henry in his ex-

k Thoroton's Not. p. 231. l Rymer, Vol. II. p. 846.

m Pat. 16 Edward IV. p. 2. m. 6. n Ibid. 1 Henry VII. p. 4.

° Nom. Equit. sub. effig. Claud, c. 3. in Bibl. Cotton.

P Polyd. Virg. p. 584. n. 30. 1 lb. p. 600. n. 30,

r Anstis's Reg. of Gart. vol. I. p. 274,

EARL OF DELAWARR. 11

pedition s to Therouene and Tournay, he was at the battle fought
on August l6th, that year, between the King (accompanied by
Maximilian the Emperor), and the French, who called it, , xLa
Journee des Esperons, from the use they made of their spurs in
riding away; and for hfs valour therein u he was made a Knight
Banneret. In 1514, hex attended on the Princess Mary, third
daughter of Henry VII. and sister to the King, at her marriage
with Lewis XII. King of France, which was solemnized on Oc-
tober 9th at Abbeville ; having in his retinue y thirty horsemen,
well accoutred, and one pound, six shillings, and eight pence per
day, was allowed him by the King, towards defraying his ex-
penses. In 1520, he attended the King and Queen2 to Canter-
bury, Calais, and Guisnes, to the long intended interview with
the French King. In 1522,a on the second coming of the Em-
peror Charles V. into England, he, with the Marquis of Dorset,
in the name of the King of England, received him at Gravelin,
on May 25th, and, with all honour, brought his Imperial Majesty
to Calais, and from thence to Dover, where the King met him, to
consult about the affairs of Christendom in general, and to treat
of a match betwixt himself and the Princess Mary, the King's
daughter.

This Thomas Lord la Warre, styling himself Knight of the
Garter,b made his will on October 8th, 1524, whereby he orders
his body to be buried in a tomb of free-stone, within the chancel
of the parish church of Broadwater, according to his honour; and
bequeathed to the mother church of Chichester, twenty shillings;
and to the church of Broadwater, his mantle of blue velvet of the
Garter, and his gown of crimson velvet, belonging thereto, to
make two altar-cloths ; also to the church of Boxgrave, his gown
of tawney velvet. He bequeaths to Thomas West, his son and
heir, all his hangings and beddings within his great chamber of
Offington, and the chapel-chamber there, as also the chapel, as it
was then adorned, with altar-cloths of white satin, embroidered with
the Garter, and abed of tinsel satin and crimson damask, embroidered
with his arms, and the Garter; likewise his crimson velvet gown
furred with black. He makes Eleanor his wife, sole executrix ;
and overseers, Sir Richard Brook, Knt. $ Sir Thomas West, his

■ Herbert's Life of Henry VIII. p. 36. I Hist, of Engl. Vol. II. p. 16.

u Jekylfs collect, of Knights, MS. p. 24. * Hall's Chron. fol. 41.

y MS. in bibl. John Anstis, arm. nup. gart. reg. arm. not. G. xi. p. 197.

z Ex MS. nom. Parium Angl. a Ibid. p. 517.

b Ex Reg. vocat. Perth, qu. 2. in cur. praerog. Cant,

IB PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

son ; and Sir Roger Copley, Knt. ; and died possessed of great
estates in the counties of Sussex, Southampton, Witshire, Dor-
setshire, Somersetshire, Gloucestershire, Devonshire, Hertfordshire,
Warwickshire, Leicestershire, and counties of Lincoln, and Lan-
caster, which he settled, for the most part, on Sir Thomas West,
his son and heir apparent, and his heirs male ; and, in default, to
Owen West, his son, and his heirs male $ remainder to George,
and Leonard West, his sons, and their heirs male. The manors
of Bradmere, Charleton, Fountell, and SwaclirTe, with the appur-
tenances, in Wiltshire, were settled on Thomas, his son, and
Elizabeth his wife; as also Compton-Valens, and Maperton, in
com, Dors, j and the manors of Testwood, and Wynketon, in
com. Southamp. were settled on Elizabeth, late wife of William,
his son, deceased.

And on Owen West, he settled his manors of Hinton-Martell,
in com. Dors, j and Folkington, in com. Sussex; and, in default
of heirs male, on Thomas, his son and heir.

On Leonard West, he settled his manors of Sutton -Maundeville
and Hasilden, in Wiltshire; and Bradele, in com. Dors. ; and to
the heirs male of his body, and in default, on Thomas West, Knt.
his son and heir.

He bequeaths to his daughters, Mary, Catharine, and Barbara,
to and for their marriages, five hundred marks each. It also ap-
pears by his will, that dame Elizabeth, his first wife, was buried
in the church of the White-friars, in London, on St. Peter's-day;
and that twenty-three years were since expired from the date of
the will, he having caused her obit to be commemorated in the
said church for thirty years, as also for Richard West, late Lord
la Warre, his father, and Catharine his wife, his mother; and
appointed ten marks to be paid yearly, for thirty years, as a sa-
lary for a priest, daily to say mass in the church of Broadwater;
and to pray for the souls of him, the said Lord la Warre, Eliza-
beth, his late wife, Eleanor, his present wife, Richard West and
Catherine, his father and mother, and all Christian souls.

He also mentions his daughter, Dorothy Owen, and his daugh-
ter, Anne St. Amonde.

He likewise was bountiful to his servants, and a person of
great honour and judgment, as his will shews; the probat whereof
bears date on February 3 2th, 1525; which shews he died soon
after.

He married two wives jc whereof I shall first trace the issue he

c Ex Stemmat. in Bibl. Lambeth; and Visitation of Hampshire.

EARL OF DELAWARR. ' 13

had by his first wife, Elizabeth, daughter of Hugh, sister and heir
of Sir John Mortimer, of Mortimer's Hall, in com. Southamp.
which were two sons, Thomas, who succeeded to his estates and
honour, and William who died issueless.

Also four daughters ; Eleanor, married to Sir Edward Guide-
ford, of Hempsted place, and Halden in Kent, Knight, warden
of the Cinque ports, who had issue by her, Joan, wife of John
Dudley, Duke of Northumberland j Dorothy, to Sir Henry Owen,
Knight ; Elizabeth, to Charles Somerset, Earl of Worcester}
Anne, to Thomas Lord Clinton, from whence the present Duke
of Newcastle is descended.

Thomas West, Lord la Warre,' son and heir to Thomas,
last Lord la Warre, d was, in 5 Hen. VIII. with his father, at the
sieges of Therouenne and Tournay, and the battle that ensued,
when for his valour he was knighted, e on October 14-th, at Lisle.
After succeeding to the honour, he with other peers, in parlia-
ment, in 22 Hen. VIII. f subscribed the declaration to Pope Cle-
ment VII. intimating that his supremacy here would not be re-
garded, if he did not comply with Queen Catherine's divorce.

In 31 Hen. VIH. on the dissolution of the great monasteries,
he obtained a grant of s the site and circuit of Wherwell abbey, in
com. Southamp. with the lordships of Wherwell, Weston, Midle-
ton, Totington, Bolington, Good, alias Goodworth, Clateford and
Little Anne, thereto belonging, to hold to himself, and Elizabeth
his wife, and his heirs, in exchange for the manors of Half-naked
and Wallerton in Sussex, with their appurtenances, in Mendham,
Byrdham, West Jchenor, Hunstall, Ivernall, Woodcote, Westerton,
Strethampton, Box grave, Compton, Offham, and Yapton, in the
said county j which manors the King, through the incitation of
Cromwell and others, who were chiefs in the contrivance for the
dissolution of the religious houses, got from him, to obviate the
future restitution of those lands, to the uses they originally were
intended.

He was a Knight Banneret,'1 and being elected Knight of the
Garter, ' on December 1st, 1549, was installed on the thirteenth
of that month at Windsor. In 1553, k in consideration of his
service against John Dudley, Duke of Northumberland, he had a

" Hall's Chronicle, fol. 24 e Norn. Equit. praed. in bibl. Cott.

f Rymer's Feed, torn 14 p 205. R Pat. 3 1 Hen. V 1 1 1, m- 4.

11 Ex Coll Aug. Vincent. « Anstis's Reg. vol. i. p.445. .

Rymer,tom. xy- p. 35Z*

3 4 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

grant of 200/. per n», for life. And having married Elizabeth-
daughter and coheir of Sir John Bonville, Knight, left no issue
by her, departing this life, on September 25th, 1554, at Offington,
and was buried near his father at Broadwater, in Sussex, October
12th,1 with standards, banners of arms, &c. and many mourners,
as recited in the account of his funeral; and that he was the best
housekeeper in Sussex.

By inquisition m taken at Cuckefleld in Sussex, June 6th, after
his decease, the jury found that he died on September 25th, 1554;
and that Joan Dudley, Duchess of Northumberland,- was his
cousin and coheir, and at that time fifty years of age, being the
daughter and heir of Eleanor, his eldest sister, the wife of Sir
John Guildford, Knight. Also that the three daughters of his
second sister, Dorothy, the wife of Sir Henry Owen, Knight, were
coheirs, viz. Elizabeth, wife of Nicholas Deering, n whose son
Thomas was twenty-four years of age in 1554;. Mary, wife of
John Warnet, aged thirty-eight years on September 1st, 1554;
and Anne, aged thirty-six years, 1554, then the wife of James
Gage. Also, that he died seised of the manor of Meyne Martell.,
and the advowson of the church, in Dorsetshire ; the manors of
Hempston and Cantelowe in Devonshire; the manor of Wick-
warre, and advowson of the church, in Gloucestershire ; the
manors of Shepton Mallet, and advowson of the church, and Brist-
lington, in Somersetshire; the manor of Manchester, and ad-
vowson of the church, in Lancashire ; the manors of Porteslade,
Somptinge Welde, Ewherst, with the park of Ewherst, Black-
ington, and advowson of the church, Knape, and park of Knape,
Offington, with the park there, and Rype ; and lands and tene-
ments in the parishes of Shepeley, and Grinsted, in the county of
Sussex ; the manor of Swineshed in Lincolnshire ; the manor of
Newton Valence ; the scite, circuit, and precinct of the monas-
tery of Wherwell, alias Wharwell, with the manors and demesnes
of ,Wherwell; the manors of Westover, Middleton, Tokynton,
Bolingdon, Goodwoi th, Clatford, Little Anne, and the prebendary
of Good, alias Goodworth; and the manor of Chawton, with ad-
vowson of the church, in com. Southamp. the manor of Stratford
Tony in Wilts; and the scite, circuit, and precinct of the White

Strype's Memor- vol. iii.-p. 201.
ib- ii. p. 115, n6, not. 61
-ings of Hampshire, thou
of Kent ; yet I think their arms were different

oirype 5 wiciuui- voi. 111. \f- zoi.
m Cole Esc. lib- ii. p. 115, 116, not. 61, A. 13, in Bibl- Harl.
11 These were Derings of Hampshire, though probably sprung from tho»e
£ent : vet I think their arms were different.

EARL OF DELAWARR. 15

Fryars, near Fleet-street, London. All the said messuages, and
lands, &c. were, by act of parliament, on November 4th, 3 Edw.
VI. settled upon the said Thomas Lord de la Warr, in tail, re-
mainder to his brother, Sir Owen, in tail j remainder to the use
of his own will or deed, during the life of William West, re-
mainder to the said William, and the heirs male of his body.

After his decease, the Lord Morley, his friend., made the fol-
lowing epitaph ° on him :

Virtue, honesty, liberalitie, and grace,

And true religion, this sely g*ave doth holde :

I do wishe, that alt our great men ivoulde

In good follow this noble Baron's trace,

That from his wise hart did always chase

Envy and malice ; and sought of young and olde

Love and favour, that passeth stone and golde ;

Unto a worthy man a rich purchase.

These waies he used, and obtained thereby

Good fame of all men, as ivellfarre of as nye $

And now is joyful in that celestial sphere,

IVhere with sainctes, he sings uncessantly ,

Holy, honor, praise, and glory,

Give to God, that gave him such might,

To live so nobly, and come to that delight.

The same author recites : w His badge, a crampet, Or, was
given to his ancestors, for taking the French King in the field,
30 Edw. III. at the battle of Poictiers, September lgth, 1356."

I have before mentioned, that Thomas, father of the last
Lord, had two wives ; and I am now to treat of the issue he had
by his second wife, v Eleanor, daughter of Sir Roger Copley, of
Gatton in Surry, Knight, which were three sons, viz. Sir Owen, 1
Sir George, and Leonard (or Reginald, according to visitation of
Hampshire.)

Of which sons, Sir Owen, the eldest, married Mary, daughter
of Sir George Guildford, of Hempsted place in Kent, Knight, and
by his will, on July 17th, 155 1, being then sick, orders his body
to be buried where he departs this life To dame Mary West, his
wife, he bequeaths the lordship of Hynton Martyll, during her

0 Leigh's Accidence of Armory, p. 51, b. p Ex Stemmate pned.

1 Ex Collect. Aug. Vincent- and Visit, of Hampshire.

if PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

li and after to his two daughters, Mary and Anne. He consti-
ti s dame Mary, his wife, his sole executrix j and the Lord his
bi her, and his brother Guildford, supervisors ; and bequeaths to
eac a gelding. The probate is dated on October 30th, 1551,
wheiebyit appears he did not recover. His daughter, Mary, r
(who at length became his sole heir) was married, first, to Sir
Adrian Poynings, Knight ; and secondly, to Sir Richard Rogers,
Knight.

Leonard West, third and youngest son by the said second mar-
riage, had, by the last will and testament of his father Sir Thomas
West, Knight, Lord la Warre, Knight of the Garter, bearing date
on October 8th, 1524, s the manors of Sutton Maundeville, and
Hasilden, in Wiltshire ; and the manor of Brodele in Dorsetshire;
which were settled on him, and his heirs male; in default, on Sir
Thomas West, Knight, his son and heir. And his father dying
\:. _,ery great estate, in the counties of Sussex, South-

ampton, and in Wiltshire, Dorsetshire, Somersetshire, Gloucester-
shire, W arwickshire, Leicestershire, Lincolnshire, and Lancashire,
which he settled on Sir Thomas West, Knight, his son and heir,
and his heirs male j and, in default thereof, entailed his said es-
tate on Owen \\ est, his son, remainder to George West, and the
said Leonard West. On the decease of his father he was in his
youth j but in the parliament (which was summoned to meet at
Oxford, on April 2d, 1554') he was one of the members for the
borough of Shoreham, in Sussex. He married n Barbara, daughter
of Sir William Gascoigne, of Gawthorpe, in Yorkshire, Knight,
by whom he had issue four sons; Thomas and Anthony, who
died infants -, William, and John j x also, four daughters, Mary,
St. Amand, Margaret, and Anne j whereof Mary was the wife of
Ralph Vavasor, of Hazlewcod, in com. P^bor. Esq. ; and Mar-
garet, of Thomas Brown, of Westwood, in com. Lincoln, Esq.

Sir George West, second son of Thomas Lord Warre, by
his second wife, Eleanor Copley, married Elizabeth, eldest of the

r Inscrip. Tumuli apud Guilford, in com. Surr. and Visitation of Hamp-
shire.

s Ex Regist. voc. Porth. in cur Praerog Cant.
1 Willis's Notitia Parliamentaria, p 33, and 37.

« Vincent's Baronage, MS. n. 20, in offic. arm. et MS- not- 82, I.3, p. 53,
in Bibl. Harl.

x From him, in the last edition of Collins, was deduced the descent of
the late James West, Esq. F. A. S. secretary to the treasury, and eminent as a
collector ; who died July 1st, 1772- He was father of the late Lady Archer.
But quere ?

EARL DELAWARR. 7

two daughters and co-heirs of Sir Anthony (or Sir Robert, as in' ie
visitatious of Hampshire and Surrey) Moreton, of Lechlaa ,n
Gloucestershire, son of Thomas Moreton, of the same p ice,
nephew to the famous John Moreton, of the privy-coungii to
Henry VIL archbishop of Canterbury, chancellor of England, and
chancellor of the university of Oxford j and had issue by her a
daughter, Margaret, wife of Thomas Arundel, Esq. with two
sons j William, of whom I shall further treat ;

And Sir Thomas West, of Seltwood in com. Southamp.
Knight, who died on August 11th, 1622, leaving Mary, his sole
daughter and heir, the wife of Sir John Leigh, of Cowdray, in
com. Southamp.

The said Sir George West y was buried in the church z of War-
bleton, in Sussex, according to the order in his will, dated on Sep-
tember 7th, 1538 5 the probate whereof bears date the 27th fol-
lowing, which shews he died in the same month and year.

Of William, first Lord by new creation, his e.v. .. son,
it is recorded, in the rolls of parliament, 2 Edw. VI. that Thomas
Lord de la Warr, his uncle, having no issue, bred him up in his
own house ; but, not content to stay for his said uncle's natural
death, he prepared poison to dispatch him 5 which, being dis-
covered, so highly incensed him, a that, in 2 Edw. VI. on com-
plaint thereof in parliament, he was disabled to succeed his said
uncle in honours or estate ; but had an allowance of 350/. per
ann. Which William, in 1557, served in the English army at
the siege of St. Quintin b in Picardy; and, being c knighted at
Hampton-court, on February 5th, 1568, he at the same time ob-
tained a new creation to the title of Lord de la Warre; d and, by
act of parliament passed March 12th following, had full restitu-
tion in blood. In 1572, e he was one of the peers on the trial of
Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk, January 16th, in Westminster
Hall. And, after his execution, f William Lord de la Warr, Sir
Ralph Sadler, with Sir Thomas Wilson, were sent to the Queen
of Scots, who was overcome with grief and mourning, to expos-
tulate with her, by way of accusation, that she had usurped the

y Vincent's Baronage, MS. in offic. armor.

, Regist. Cromwel fol. 10. a Rot. Pari. ann. 2 Edw. VI.

b Hollinshed's Chron.' p. 1133, b n.40.

c Catal. Milit. MS. penes meips.

d Journal of the House of Commons, 5 Eliz. p. 68.

• Camden's Life of Queen Elizabeth, in Hist, of England, p 437

f Ibid. p. 4421.

VOL. V. C

18 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

title and arms of the crown of England, and had not renounced
the same, as was agreed upon in the treaty of Edinburgh : that,
for the full possessing herself thereof, she had treated of a mar-
riage with the Duke of Norfolk, without acquainting the Queen
therewith, &c. In April, 1589, ne was one of the peers 8 on the
trial of Philip Howard, Earl of Arundel. He married Elizabeth,11
daughter of Thomas Strange, of Chesterton in com. Glouc. Esq.
by whom he had issue, Thomas, his son and heir ;

Also three daughters ; ' Jane, first married to Thomas Wen-
man (son to Sir Richard Wenman, Knight) j secondly, to James
Cressy j thirdly, to Sir Thomas Tasburgh, Knight j and, fourthly,
to Ralph Sheldon, of Beoley in com. Wigorn, Esq. ; Elizabeth,
second daughter, was wedded to Richard Blount (brother to Sir
Michael Blount, Knight), of Dodsham in Sussex, Esq. j and
Mary, third daughter, died unmarried.

By inquisition k taken after his decease, at Winchester, on
April 6th, 1596, it appears, that he died at Wherwell, on De-
cember 30th, I095, and that Sir Thomas West, Knight, was his
son and heir, and aged forty years.

Which Sir Thomas, second Lorj>, was knighted l in 30
Eliz. and, by title of Thomas de la Warrre, in 38 Eliz. was ap-
pointed one of the commissioners m for putting in execution an
act passed in the first year of her reign, intitled, " An acte re-
storinge to the crowne of the auncient jurisdiction over the state,
ecclesiasticall and spirituall, and abolishing all foreigne power re-
pugnant to the same." Also, in 39 Eliz. the commission being
renewed, n he was again in it : and, in the same year, exhibiting
his petition ° to the Queen, in the parliament then held, to be
restored to the place and precedency of his ancestors, he was
thereupon placed between the Lord Willuughby of Eresby, and
the Lord Berkeley. In 1601, he was one of the peers p on the
trials of the Earls of Essex and Southampton, in Westminster
Hall j and when they were pronounced guilty, the Earl of Essex,
before he left the lords, *» asked pardon of the Lord de la Warr,
and the Lord Morley, for bringing their sons into danger, who

e Camden's Life of Queen Eliz. in Hist.of Ene p. $51, 55*.

i Visitation of Hampshire. l Ibid.

k Cole's Esc. lib. i- p. 252, n- 61, A. 12, in Bibl. Harley.

1 Jekyll's Cat. of Knights, MS. penes meips.

m Rymer, torn, xvi p. 291. ■ Ibid. torn. xvi. p. 324.

• Journal of Pari. 39 Eliz- p Camden in Hist, ut supra, p. 63V

h Ibid. p. 636.

EARL DELAWARR. lg

were unacquainted with the whole matter. He died on March
24th, 44 Eliz. r and by Anne, his wife, daughter of Sir Francis
Knolles, Knight of the Garter, and treasurer of the household to
Queen Elizabeth, had issue five sons. s

First, Sir Robert, who died in his lifetime, without surviving
issue by t his wife, Elizabeth, youngest daughter and coheir of
Sir Henry Cock, of Broxborn in Hertfordshire, Knight, who, after
his deceass, was secondly married to Sir Robert Oxenbridge, of
Husborne, Knight.

Second, Thomas West, Lord de la Warn

Third, Francis.

Fourth, John. .

And, fifth, Nathaniel.

Also six daughters j Elizabeth, married to Herbert Pelham,
Esq. of Michelham in Sussex, and of Compton Valence in the
county of Dorset : sheu died, January 15th, 163Q, aged fifty-nine,
and was buried at Compton Valence ; Lettice, wedded to Henry
Ludlow, of Tedley in Hants, Esq. ; Penelope, married to Herbert
Pelham, Esq. son and heir of Herbert ; Catherine died unmar-
ried ; Eleanor, the wife of Sir William Savage, Knight $ and
Anne, married to John Pellett, Esq. of Bolne, in com. Sussex,
Knight.

Which Thomas Lord de la Warr, third Lord, in the life-
time of his father, x was knighted in 42 Eliz. and, on the death of
the Queen, was one of the twenty-five lords, privy counsellors,
who sent a letter, dated at the palace of Whitehall, on March
28th, 1603, to the Lord Eure, and the rest of the commissioners
for the treaty of Breame ; notifying to them y the accession of
King James to the throne, and ordering them to make the best
conditions they could, in such points as they had in charge, with
the imperial commissioners. In the first year of King James I. he
was in commission z with John Whitgift, archbishop of Canter-
bury, Charles Howard, Earl of Nottingham, lord high admiral,
Sir John Herbert, Knight, principal secretary of state, and others,
to inquire and call before them all such persons as shall advisedly
maintain or affirm any doctrine repugnant to any of the articles of

r Vincent's Baronage, MS. p. 204, n. 20, in Offic. armor, and Cole's Esc.
lib. i. p. 252, in Bibl. Harl.

• Visitation of Hampshire. * Mont, in Broxborn church,

u Hutchins's Dorsetshire, vol i. p. 348.
x Cat. of Knights, MS. penes meips.
1 Rymer's Feed. torn. xyL p. 493, 494. Ibid p. 546 to 560.

20 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

religion, which concern the confession of the true christian faith,
and the doctrine of the sacraments, as agreed on by the arch-
bishops and bishops of both provinces, and the whole clergy, in
convocation, in 156*2.

In 1609, he was constituted captain-general of all the colonies
planted, or to be planted, in Virginia ; and went thither the same
year, with three ships and one hundred and fifty men, principally
artificers. a

•< This of Virginia" (says the author of " An Account of the
European Settlements in America," supposed to have been Mr.
William Burke,) b u is the most ancient of our colonies, though,
strictly speaking, the first attempts to settle a colony were not
made in Virginia, but in that part of North Carolina which im-
mediately borders upon it. Sir Walter Raleigh, the most extra-
ordinary genius of his own, or perhaps any other time, a penetrat-
ing statesman, an accomplished courtier, a deep scholar, a fine
writer, a great soldier, and one of the ablest seamen in the world ;
this vast genius, that pierced so far, and ran through so many
things, was of a fiery eccentric kind, which led him into daring
expeditions, and uncommon projects, which not being understood
by a timid Prince, and envied and hated by the rivals he had in so
many ways, ruined him at last. In person he ran infinite risques
in Guiana in search of gold mines j and, when this country was
first discovered, he looked through the work of an age at one
glance 3 and saw how advantageous it might be made to the trade
of England. He was the first man who had a right conception
of the advantages of settlements abroad j he was then the only
person who had a thorough insight into the trade of England, and
who saw clearly the proper methods of promoting it. He applied
to court, and got together a company, which was composed of
several persons of distinction, and several eminent merchants, who
agreed to open a trade, and settle a colony in that part of the
world, which in honour of Queen Elizabeth he called Virginia.

" Raleigh had too much business upon his hands at court, and
found too few to second him in his designs, to enable him to sup-
port the establishment with the spirit in which he began it. If
ever any design had an ominous beginning, and seemed to forbid
any attempts for carrying it on, it was that of the first settlement
of Virginia. Near half of the first colony was destroyed by

a How's Additions to Stow's Annals, p. 492.
b Cousin to Edmund Burke.

EARL DELAWARE. 21

savages : and the rest, consumed and worn down by fatigue and
famine, deserted the country, and returned home in despair. The
second colony was cut off to a man, in a manner unknown j but
they were supposed to be destroyed by the Indians. The third
had the same dismal fate; and the fourth quarrelling among
themselves, neglecting their agriculture to hunt for gold, and pro-
voking the Indians by their insolent and unguarded behaviour,
lost several of their people, and were returning, the poor remains
of them, in a famishing and desperate condition to England ; when
just at the mouth of Chesapeak Bay they met the Lord De la War,
with a squadron loaded with provision, and every thing for their
relief and defence, who persuaded them to return.

u This nobleman travelled with as much zeal and assiduity to
cherish and support the froward infancy of this unpromising co-
lony, as some have used in better times for purposes of another
kind. Regardless of his life, and inattentive to his fortune, he
entered upon this long and dangerous voyage, and accepted thi*
barren province, which had nothing of a government but its
anxieties and its cares, merely for the service of his country j and
he had no other reward than that retired and inward satisfaction
which a good mind feels in indulging its own propensity to vir-
tue, and the prospect of those just honours which the latest poste-
rity take a pleasure in bestowing upon those who prefer the
interest of posterity to their own. After he had prevailed upon
the people to return, he comforted them under their misfortunes j
he painted out the causes, and, uniting the tenderness of a father
with the steady severity of a magistrate, he healed their divisions,
and reconciled them to authority and government, by making
them feel, by his conduct, what a blessing it could be made.

" When he had settled the colony within itself, his next care
war to put them upon a proper footing with regard to the Indians,
whom he found very haughty and assuming, on account of the
late miserable state of the English ; but by some well-timed and
vigorous steps he humbled them, shewed he had power to chas-
tise them, and courage to exert that power j and having awed
them into very peaceable dispositions, and settled his colony in a
very growing condition, he returned home for the benefit of his
health, which by his constant attendance to business, and the air
of an uncultivated country, had been impaired j but he left his
son/ with the spirit of his father, his deputy ; and sir Thomas

« This seeras a mistake,' unless he had a son, not meationed in the Peerages,

22 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

Gate*, Sir George Summers, the Honourable George Percy, Sir
Ferdinand Wenman, and Mr. Newport, for his council. These,
with other persons of rank and fortune, attended him in this ex-
pedition, which gave a credit to the colony. Though there are
in England many young gentlemen of fortune disproportionate to
their rank, I fear we should not see the names of so many of
them engaged in an expedition, which had no better appearance
than this had at that time.

" Lord de la War did not forget the colony on his return to
England ; but, considering himself as nearer the fountain-head,
thought it his duty to turn the spring of the royal favour more
copiously upon the province which he superintended. For eight
years together he was indefatigable in doing every thing that
could tend to the peopling, the support, and the good government
of this settlement ; and he died in the pursuit of the same object
in his voyage to Virginia, with a large supply of people, cloath-
5ng, and goods.

" It is one of the- most necessary, and I am sure it is one of
the most pleasing parts of this design, to do justice to the names
of those men, who by their greatness of mind, their wisdom, and
their goodness, have brought into the pale of civility and religion,
these rude and uncultivated parts q( the globe j who could dis-
cern the rudiments of a future people, wanting only time to be
unfolded in the seed ; who could perceive amid the losses, and
disappointmonts, and expences of a beginning colony, the great
advantages to be derived to their country from such undertakings ;
and who could pursue them, in spite of the malignity and narrow
wisdom of the world. The ancient world had its Osiris and
Erichthonius, who taught them the use of grain ; their Bacchus,
who instructed them in the culture of the vine; and their Or-
pheus and Linus, who first built towns, and formed civil societies.
The people of America will not fail, when time has made things
venerable, and when an intermixture of fable has moulded useful
truths into popular opinions, to mention with equal gratitude,
and perhaps similar heightening circumstances, her Columbus,
her Castro, her De Poincy, her De Ja War, her Baltimore, and
her Penn.d

who died before him; for Henry, his eldest son, at his death in :6i8, appear!
by the inquisition, to have been only in his fifteenth year.

d Europ. Sett, second edit. Dodsley, 1758, Vol. II. Ch. XVI. p. Z17 — 19.
<< The colony of Virginia was so fast rooted by the care of Lord de la War, that
it was enabled to stand two terrible storms j two massacres made by the Indians,

EARL DELAWARR. 23

This account of Lord De-La-War's death, though different
from that of Collins, who says he died in his return home, is
confirmed by Camden, who, in his annals of this reign, anno
1618, says, " May 7th. My Lord La-Ware set sail for Virginia :
arriving at St. Michael's, is splendidly entertained by the gover-
nor of the island j but sailing from thence, dies, together with
thirty more, not without suspicion of poison."

The inquisition, taken after his decease,e at Andover, in the
county of Southampton, on April 3d, 17 Jac. I. recites, that in
44 Eliz. he married Cecilie, daughter of Sir Thomas Shirley, of
Whiston -place, in Sussex, Knt. and that he died, on June /th,
l6l8j leaving

Henry West, Lord de la Warr, his son and heir, aged fourteen
years, eight months, and four days, on the death of his father.

Also six daughters ; Jane, Elizabeth, Anne, Cecilie, Lucy, and
Catherine ; whereof, Elizabeth was wedded to Herbert Pelham,
of Swinshead, Esq. son of Anthony, youngest son of Thomas
Pelham, of Laugh ton, Esq. predecessor to the late Duke of New-
castle 5 Anne was married to Christopher Swaly, D. D. f precep-
tor to Henry Prince of Wales, eldest son to King James I. and
rector of Hurst-Pierpoint, in Sussex, above forty years, whence in
l645, he was ejected for his loyalty; Cecilie was the wife of Sir
Francis Bindlose, Knt. and mother to Sir Robert Bindlose, of
Borwick, in Lancashire, Bart. ; and was married, secondly, to Sir
John Byron, Knight of the Bath, created Lord Byron by King
Charles I. and Lucy was wedded to Sir Robert Byron, brother
of the said Lord Byron.

The said Henry, fourth Lord/ was summoned to parliament
as Lord de la Warr, on November 14th, 19 Jac. T. He took to
wife, in March 1624-5, Isabella (born at Brussels, in November,
3607), eldest of the two daughters and coheirs of Sir Thomas
Edmunds, Knt. treasurer of the household to King Charles I. and
several times ambassador h in foreign courts. By her, his Lord-
ship had issue,

in which the whole colony was nearly cut off; and to subdue that people, so as
to put it utterly out of their power for many years past to give them the least dis-
turbance." Ibid. Ch. XVII. p. 222) 223.

c Cole's Esc. lib. 5. p, 421. in Bibl. Had.
f Inscript. Monument, in Eccl. de Hurst-Pierpont, in com. Sussex*
S Dugdale's Summons, p. 549.
* Birch's Introduction to the Negotiations between England and France, &o
|.l4.

24 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

Charles, his successor.

Also two daughters j Elizabeth, married to Francis Bindlose,
Esq. j and Mary, wedded to the Rev. Mr. Orme,

By inquisition taken after his decease,1 on June J 5th, 1628, 4
Gar. I. the jury found that he died on the 1st of that month,
seised of the hundred of Wherwell, with the manors and lord-
ships thereunto belonging 3 the manors of Middleton, Tatkinton,
alias Tufton, Bollington, Goodworth, Clatford, Little-Anne, and
rectory of Goodworth, all in the county of Southampton j and that
Charles Lord de la Warr was his son and heir, and then aged
two years and four months.

Of which Charles, fifth Lord de la Warr, I find, that
he, with the Earl of Warwick, were named by the Lords, on
May 28th, 1647, commissioners k to go to the army, and assist
in the disbanding of the foot regiments j but the General and the
officers refused to submit thereto. On the rising of Sir George
Booth, in order to the restoration of King Charles II. his Lord-
ship, with the Earl of Oxford, and the Viscount Falkland, were
apprehended, on August 13th, 165Q, on suspicion of being assist-
ing to him, and were sent to prison, as Whitlock recites, p. 683.
He married Anne, daughter and heir of John Wild, of Droitwich,
in Worcestershire, Esq. and serjeant at law 3 and by her, who
died on December 24th, 1677, had issue,

1. Charles, his son and heir, who married • daughter of

■ Hudleston, Esq. 3 and, secondly, Elizabeth, daughter and

coheir of Sir Robert Pye, of Bradenham, in com. Bucks, Bart,
but died without issue, on June 22d, 1684.

2. Horatio, who also died in the lifetime of his father, at Bar-
badoes.

3. John Lord de la Warr,

And a daughter, Cecilie, married to Dr, William Beaw, Bi-
shop of Llandaff3 as also Anna and Sophia, who died unmarried.

This l Charles Lord de la Warr departed this life, in the sixty-
fifth year of his age, on Thursday, December 22d, 1687, and was
succeeded by John, his only surviving son.

Which John, sixth Lord de la Warr, was, in the reign of
King William, made, first Gentleman of the Bedchamber, and
Groom of the Stole, to Prince George of Denmark. And, in

* Cole's Esc. Lib. I. n. 61. A. 12. in Bibl. Harl.

k Whitlock's Memorials, p. 25 2> 253.

1 Journal Greg. King, Lane. Fecial.

.a EARL DELAWARR. 25

the year 1702, on a visit Queen Anne paid to the University of
Oxford, he was created doctor of laws. On September 25th,
17O8, he was sent by his Royal Highness to Portsmouth, to com-
pliment the Queen of Portugal, on her arrival in Great Britain.
He was also one of the Commissioners for the management of his
revenue, and greatly in his favour to the time of his death, on
October 2Sth, 1708; and attended at his Royal Highness's fune-
ral, on November llth, as Groom of the Stole, alone. After
which, on the decease of Viscount Fitz- Harding, in 1712, he
succeeded him as Treasurer of the chamber to Queen Anne. On
the accession of George I. to the throne, on August 1st, 1714,
his Lordship, on November 7th following, was constituted one of
the Tellers of the Exchequer j and afterwards Treasurer of the
Excise. And, departing this life on May 26th, 1723, was buried
in St. Margaret's church, Westminster j leaving issue, by Mar-
garet his wife, daughter and heir of John Freeman, of the city of
London, Merchant,

John, the first Earl.

And a daughter, Elizabeth, who, in August, 1724, was married
to Thomas Digges, of Chilham-castle, in the county of Kent,
Esq. mother of West Digges, the Player, &c.

The said Margaret, his Lady, surviving him, died on January
31st, 1737-8, and was buried, on February 6th, in St. Margaret's
church, Westminster.

Which John, first Earl de la Warr, born on April 4th,
1693, was, on his return from his travels in 17 12, made, by
Queen Anne, Standard-bearer to the Band of Gentlemen Pension-
ers, and sworn in a Clerk extraordinary of her Majesty's Privy-
council. Soon after the accession of King George I. he resigned
the post of Standard-bearer, and was made Guidon to the first
troop of life-guards, then commanded by John Duke of Montagu.
He was appointed a Lord of the Bedchamber to King George I.
in 1725 j and the same year was chosen a Knight of the most ho-
nourable order of the Bath, on the revival of that honour, and
installed in King Henry Vll.'s Chapel, on June 25th. In 1731,
his Lordship was made Treasurer of the household to his late
Majesty, and sworn of his Privy-council. In 1736, he was sent
to Saxe-Gotha, to conclude a treaty of marriage between her
Royal Highness the Princess Augusta, and his late Royal High-
ness Frederick Prince of Wales ,• and attended her into England.
In 1737* he was appointed Governor and Captain general of New
York, but resigned the same in September following, on his being

26 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

made Captain and Colonel of the first troop of life-guards. On
February 26th, 1741-2, he was promoted to the rank of Brigadier-
general, and, in 1743, attended his late Majesty in his campaign
in Germany, and was with him at the battle of Dettingen, on
June 27th, N. S. On April 5th, 1745, he was promoted to the
rank of Major-general ; on October 10th, 1747, to the rank of
Lieutenant-general, and, in March, 1765, to that of General of
the horse. In 1747, he was made Governor of Tilbury fort, and,
in June 1752, appointed Governor of the Island of Guernsey,
&c.

At the accession of the present King, his Lordship was conti-
nued in all his military offices, as well as his seat at the council-
board j and was, moreover, created Viscount Cantelupe and Earl
de la Warr, by patent, dated March 18th, l/6l. His Lordship
was also Master Forester of the bailiwic of Fritham, in the New
Forest, Hants, and Fellow of the Royal Society.

His Lordship married, to his first wife, the Right Hon. the
Lady Charlotte Maccartny, daughter to Donagh Earl of Clan-
carty, by Lady Mary Spencer, second daughter to Robert Earl of
Sunderland, by the Lady Anne Digby, his wife, second daughter
to George Earl of Bristol ; and by her, who died on February 7th,
1734-5, had two sons and three daughters.

His Lordship took to his second wife, Anne, relict of George
Lord Abergavenny j and her Ladyship deceased in July, 1748,
leaving no issue.

His Lordship's children, by his first Lady, were,

1. John, his successor.

2. The Hon. George West, who was born in 1733, on Febru-
ary 24th, 17^4, married Lady Mary Grey, daughter to Harry,
Earl of Stamford, and died in February 7th, 1776, without issue.

3. Charlotte, who died in her infancy.

4. Lady Henrietta-Cecilia, born in 1730, and wedded, on May
5th, 1763, Lieutenant-General James Johnston. And,

5. Lady Diana, born in 1 731, married, on November 9th, 1756,
to Major-general John Clavering, and died in March, 1766.

His Lordship died March l6tb, 1766, and was succeeded by
his eldest son,

John, second Earl, who was born in 1729; and, chusing a
military life, rose gradually to be Lieutenant-colonel of his father's
troop of Horse-guards, from whence he was removed to be Colo-
nel of the first troop of Grenadier- guards, in November, 1763.
On March 21st, 1766, he was promoted to be Captain and Colonel

EARL DELAWARR. 27

of the first troop of Horse-guards, in the room of his father. On
March 8th, 1761, he was promoted to the rank of Major-general j
and, on April 30th, 177°> was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant-
general. At establishing her Majesty's household, in September,
1761, his Lordship was nominated Vice-chamberlain, in which
station he appeared at her nuptial and coronation processions. On
December 5th, 1766, his Lordship was appointed Master of the
horse to her Majesty, in which post he continued till his death,
which happened at his house in Audley Square, London, No-
vember 22d, 1777 i a"d bis remains were interred on the 30th
of the same month, in the family vault at St. Margaret's, West-
minster

His Lordship was married, on August 8th, 1756, to Mary,
daughter of Lieutenant-general Wynyard, by whom he had issue
fiix. sons.

1. William- Augustus, third Earl.

2. John-Richard, fourth Earl.

3. Thomas-Holies, born September 27th, 1760, died J 772.

4 . George, born December 3 1 st, 1 /62, died 1 771"

5. Augustus, born 1/64, died young.

6. Septimus-Henry, born November 11th, 1765, died October
20th, 1793.

7. Amelia, died March 177°-

8. Lady Georgina, married, November 23d, 1782, Edward-
Perey Bulkeley, Esq, and has issue.

9. Frederick, born 17^7 > married, first, April 7th, 1792, Char-
lotte, daughter and coheiress of Richard Mitchell, Esq. of Cul-
lum Court, Berks, who died 1795, leaving one son 3 he married,
secondly, Maria, daughter and coheiress of Richard Myddelton,
Esq. of Chirk Castle, Denbighshire.

10. Lady Matilda, born 177 -h married Lieu. Gen. Henry Wyn-
yard.

William Augustus, eldest son, succeeded as third Earl.
He was born April 27th, 1757, and had a Commission in the
Coldstream Regiment of Foot Guards. Dying unmarried in Ja-
nuary, 1783, he was succeeded by his next brother,

John Richard, fourth Earl, born July 28th, 1/58, who
married, April 22d, 1783, Catharine, daughter of Henry Lyell,
Esq. by whom he had issue,

1. Lady Catherine-Georgina, born, August 29th, 1784.

2. Lady Charlotte, born October 20tb, 1790, died an infant.

3. George-John, son and heir.

28 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. '

His Lordship died July 28th, 1795, and was succeeded by his
only son,

George-John, present and fifth Earl, born October 26th,

179L

Titles. William Augustus West, Earl Delawar, Viscount Can-
telupe, Lord Del a warr, and Lord West.

Creations. Baron De la Warr, by writ of summons to parlia-
ment, June 8th (1294), 22 Edward Lj and Baron West, Febru-
ary 25th (1341-2), 16 Edward III. j Earl De la Warr, and Vis-
count Cantelupe, March 18th, 1761* 1 George III.

Arms. Argent, a fess dancette sable.

Crest. In a ducal coronet, Or j a griffin's head, Azure, ears
and beak of the first.

Supporters. On the dexter side, a wolf coward, Argent, col-
lared, Or j on the sinister, a cockatrice, Or, his wings displayed,
Gules, and Or.

Motto. Jour de ma vie.

The ancient seats at Wherwell, &c. were sold generations back.
The late Earl's seat was Boldre Lodge, in the New Forest j which
was only a Crown lease, and expired at his death.

EARL OF RADNOR. , 29

PLEYDELL-BOUVERfE EARL OF RADNOR.

The first of this name/ who settled in England, was Laurence
Des BouvERiES,b born c Anno 1542, at Sainhin,d near Lisle, in
Flanders, and a younger son of Le Sieur Des Bouveries, of the

a This family (whose name has been variously written De Bouverie, De U
Bouverie, Des Boveries, Des Bouverie, but since established, by act of parlia-
ment, Bouverie), is of ancient and honourable extraction in the Low Countries 5*
in the histories of which it frequently occurs.

Bertrand De la Bouverie, who, in 1396, sold the estate of Herelle, near Mont-
didier, to Lewis II. Duke of Bourbon, for 400 crowns of gold, to the Crown, is
recorded, in the genealogy of the house of Melun,-f- to have married Isabella de
Melun, Lady of Viane, near Grammont, in Flanders, daughter of Hugues, Lord
Antoing and Epinoy, and of Margaret de Piquigny (widow of Robert de Na-
mur, Lord of Beaufort on the Meuze, son of John of Flanders, Count de Namur)
and had issue, who, in right of their mother, quartered wirh their paternal coat
(Gules, a Bend Vaire), the arms of Melun and Wallincourt, as appears by a mo-
nument still remaining, at Henin, near Bossut, in Hainault, and which was

b From the Visitation of London, K. XIX. p. 219, in the College of Arms.
c From an original picture at Longford Castle.
d E Registro Eccl. Wallonensis apud Canterbury.

* " La Famille de Bouverie est reconnu paste*, plusieurs tiecles entre let patricei
de Cambray" Hist, de Cambray et du Cambrtsis, Tom. III. p. 319. Edit.
1664.

f Histoire des Pairs & des Grands Officiers de la Couronne, Tom.V. p. 228. f.
Genealogie de la Maison de Melun. Trophees de Brabant, par Christopher But-
kens, in fol. Tom. I. p. 445.

\ Memoire pour servir a l'histoire de France et de Bourgogne, 4to. Paris,
Gaudouin 6c Gissart, 1729, Tom. II. p. 200. Etat des Officiers Domestiqyes de
Philippe, dit le Bon, Due de Bourgogne. Receveurs Generaux (1460). Trophees
de Brabant. Supplement. Tom. I. p. 203.

30 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

Chatteau des Bouveries, near the same place, where the elder
branch of this family possessed a considerable estate/ Having
frequently absented himself from mass, he was told by his father
he suspected he had conversed too much with his heretic tenants-
and that, if he did not appear there the next Sunday, he would
have him examined by- the Inquisition. Laurence, thoroughly
terrified with the intimation of such a procedure, fled immediately
to Frankfort on the Mein j and seating himself at the gate of
a person who kept a considerable silk manufactory, was asked
by him, what occasion brought him thither ? Having made an
ample and satisfactory relation, the old man told him, he likewise
had been driven thither on account of his religion j that he ob-
served, by the whiteness of his hands, he had not been used to
hardships : therefore, if he would live with him, he should only
keep his accounts, and supervise his workmen. In that station
he behaved so discreetly, and agreeably to his patron, that he
married him to his niece, and at his decease bequeathed unto him
his whole fortune. Soon after which having no hopes of return-
ing to his native place, on account of the persecutions which still
raged against the Protestants, he, and his wife, Barbara, took ad»
vantage of that offer which the generous and benevolent policy

erected to hii daughter, Jane de la Bouverie (wife of John de Haynin, Cupbearer
to the Dauphin), who died in 1479. — Robert De la Bouverie, in 1460, was on«
of the domestics of Philip Duke of Burgundy, surnamed the GW.J — John De la
Bouverie was Solicitor-General to Charles Duke of Burgundy, in 1469 :* and in
a print, representing the holding of a Parliament by the said Charles Duke of
Burgundy, in 147 1 and 1475, J. Bouverie appears in the rank of President.f
He is again (besides on many other occasions), mentioned as Chief of the council
to Mary, daughter of Charlct Duke of Burgundy, aforetaid, in 1746.J In 1481,
and 1482, the said John de la Bouverie, Lord of Bierbeque and Wiere, was one
of the Ambassadors of Maximilian, Duke of Austria, in the treaty between him
and Lewis XI. of France :|| and, in 1492, we find him Chancellor of Brabant.^
He bore for arms, as aforesaid, Gules, a Bend, Vaire.**

e Ex Autog. penes praehon. Comitem de Radnor.

* Titrcs originaux de Archieves dec. Pierre d'Aire, en Flandres.
f Monumens dclaMcnarchie Francoisc, par Ie P. du Montfaucon, Tom. III.

p. 349.

% Trophees de Brabant, Supplement, Tom. I. p. 46. Etat des Officiers Do-
mestiques de Marie, fille de Charles Due de Bourgogne, 1476.

|| Memoires.de Comines, Edit, de 1723, Tom. V. p. 243, 273.
§ Trophees de Brabant, fol. Tom. II. p. 364.
** Vid. Certificate from the Herald's Office of Brussels, entered in the College
of Arms, London.

EARL OF RADNOR. 31

of Queen Elizabeth held out, of a safe asylum in this kingdom ;
and coming over to England settled at Canterbury / where we
find him charged, in 1503, to the poors-rate of the Walloon
church. Others of his family either attended him to England,
or followed him thither : for we find Susan, the only child of his
brother John, married I Simon Oudart, of Sandwich, in Kent ;
and James, the son of another brother, Anthony, was resident at
Sandwich about the year 1600, and h by Warde, of Not-
tingham, left issue two sons, and two daughters.

The said Laurence, by his said 'l wife, Barbara, whose maiden
name was Vanden Hove, had issue five sons and three daughters,*
viz.

1 . Edward, of whom, and his posterity, we shall treat after-
wards.

2. Jacob, Minister of Hilleghorn, in Holland, who married
Catharine, daughter of John Lethieullier j but had no issue.

3. Valentine, who died unmarried.

4. Samuel ; and, 5. James j who both married, and had
issue.

5. Lea, the wife of Peter de la Forterie, of J^ondon; 6. Eli-
zabeth, married to Elias Maurojis, in 1594 j and, 7« Jane, to
Thomas de la Tombe, of London, in 1604.

He married, secondly, Catharine, daughter of Pipelart j

but by her had no issue.

Edward Des Bouveries, the eldest son, died in 1025 j having
married at Cologne,1 Mary, daughter of Jasper de Fournestraux,
by Mary Tiberkin,m whose father was burnt in Germany for the
Protestant religion, being drawn to the place of execution by his
own coach-horses.

He had by her one son, Edward Des Bouveriej" and three
daughters, viz. Mary, the wife of Abraham De L'Eau, of Lon-
don, merchant; Elizabeth, of James Gough, of London j and
Jane, of Nicholas Adye, of Down Court, near Doddington, in
Kent, Esqrs..

His only son, the said Edward Des Bouverie,0 was born in

f The family at this place, like numerous other protestant refugees, followed
the occupation of »ilk wearers.

8 Ex Autog. penes praehon. Comitem de Radnor.

h E Registro Ecclesiae de Austin Fryars, Land.

* Ex Stem, penes Pet. Delme Arm. k Visit London predict.

1 Ibid. » Ex Autog. ut antea. « Wit. London Predict.

• Ibid.

32 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

November, 1021 ; and, being an eminent Turkey merchant, ac-
quired a very ample fortune. He was knighted by King James II.
and died at his seat at Cheshunt, in Hertfordshire, April 2d,
1694 j having married Anne,P daughter and coheir (with Jane,
wife of Sir John Holman, Bart.) of Jacob de la Forterie, of Lon-
don, merchant) by whom he had seven sons, and four daughters ;<!
viz.

1. William, of whom afterwards.

2. Edward, who died young/ at Caen, in Normandy, Decem-
ber 10th, 1673.

3. Jacob, born in 1059, who was seated at Folkestone, in Kent,
and served in Parliament for the town and port of Hythe,8 in the
third and fourth Parliaments of King William, and the last of
Queen Anne : but died unmarried, leaving his estate at Folke-
stone to his nephew, Jacob, who, on his elevation to the Peerage,
as will be afterwards mentioned, made choice of that title.

4. Peter, who also died unmarried, on January 24th, 1082.

5. Daniel, who deceased in his infancy, April 29th, 1699.

6. John, who died a bachelor, August l6th, l6i)Q. And,

7. Christopher, who was born in 1671, received the honour of
knighthood from Queen Anne, and by Elizabeth his wife, daugh-
ter, and at length sole heir, to Ralph Freeman, of Beachworth, in
Surrey, Esq. grandson to Sir George Freeman, Knight of the
Bath, left, at his death, in January, 1732-3, two sons and two
daughters: 1. Freeman, who died young in 1734; and, 2. John,
who, at the age of twenty-nine, departing this life on September
8th, 1750, on his travels, was buried at Smyrna, with the follow-
ing inscription on his monument;

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Quicunque Virtutum omnium,

< Quae aut publicae Utilitali inserviunt,

Aut Vitas privatae Decori sunt & Ornamento,

Fautores Probi :

Huic Marmori Adeste !

' Et grato Animo Memoriam recolite

P Visit. London ut antea. "i Ibid. r Ibid.

8 Parliamentary Register.

EARL OF RADNOR. 33

Egregii Juvenis,

JOHANNIS BOUVERIE;

Qui antiqua et illustri

Apud Anglos Familia,

Dc Republica, de Ecclesia optime merita,

Fidei Reformatae,

Cui Noraen dedisse

Sibi fuit Rei avitae Direptionem pati,

Animoso Pietatis Exemplo, militante,

Feliciter oriundus,

Nobilitatem quam a majorum Virtutibus accepcrat

Suis clariorem reddidit,

Is enim erat,

Qui Bonorum et Doctorum omnium

Lacrymas meretur,

Si quid habent Laude digni,

Artium elegantissimarum Peritia,

Ab omni Aftectatione longissime aliena,

Multifaria Eruditio,

Ade6 Ostentationis expers, adeo recondita,

Ut Illius Modestia

(Nisi Comitem notissimum habuisset,

Summum Anirai Candorem)

Invidiam forsan argueretur.

Dignus certe qui Posteris tradatur,

Si quid habent Honesti,

Amabilis Morum Simplicitas,

Amaenissima Urbanitate exornata,

Prudentia a Calliditate abhorrens,

Placidissima Indoles,

Inconcussa Fortitudo.,

Probitas Antiqua.

Eximiis Animi Dotibus

Dignitatem contulit, et Gratiam peculiaremj

Mira Cordoris Venustas,

Ut in Illo,

Comitas, Benevolentia., Fides,

Non Pectoris tantum Incolae,

At Fronti palam insedisse,

Intuentibus aspectabiles viderentur*

VOL. V. »

34 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

Europa pene universa semel peragrata

In Patriam regressus

Non vitia, aut Ineptias,

(Quod quorundum est Peregrinantium)

Sed Linguas, sed Artes,

Sed quicquid erat Morum liberalium,

Secum advexit,

Jucundissirnis politiorum Antiquatum Studiis,

Praecipue Deditus

Numismata, Gemmas, & rariora id Genus Ksi^Xix

Pretiosas veteris Italiae Reliquias,

Sumptu amplo, sed Iudicio pari,

Ingenii elegantissimi futura Oblectamenta,

Sedulo comparavit.

Eheu! fatale Mentis ornandae Studium!

Quod flentes, simul collaudare cogimur.

His enini intentus,

Quum in Asiam trajecisset,

Graeciae etiam & JEgypti Eruditionum Gazas,

Romanis additurus,

Morbo repentino correptus,

In ipso Itinere,

(Proh! Spes Hominum fragiles! Proh! Nostras Delicias breves!)

E Vita excessit.

Pie dying unmarried, the estate of this branch of the family
devolved upon the two daughters; Anne, who died April 1st,
1757, the wife of John Hervey, also of Beachworth, Esq. one
of the King's Justices itinerant in Wales, and a descendant of
the Herveys of Thirlcy,1 in Bedfordshire, ancestor to the Earl of
Bristol j and Elizabeth, who obtained the seat at Teston, near
Maidstone, which she devised at her death to Sir Charles Mid-
dleton, now Lord Barham.

The four daughters of Sir Edward Des Bouverie were, 1 . Jane,
married to John De L'Eau, of London, merchant. 2. Anne,
wedded to Sir Philip Boteler, of Teston, in the county of Kent,
Baronet. 3. Mary. And, 4. Elizabeth j who both died un-
married.

William, the eldest son of Sir Edward Des Bouverie, Knt.
was created a Baronet on February 19th, 1713-1 4 5 and, being

* They were an illegitimate branch. For a son of this marriage, see a letter
of Lady M. W. Montagu, 30th September, 1754.

EARL OF RADNOR. 35

likewise a very eminent Turkey merchant, added great \y to his
paternal fortune. He married, first, Mary, daughter of James
Edwards, of London, Esq. and by her had a son, Edward, who
died young. His second wife was Anne, daughter and sole heir
of David Urry, of London, Esq. u son of John Urry, of Millplace,
in the Isle of Wight, and by her had several children j whereof
the following only survived him, viz,

1. Sir Edward, his successor.

2. Jacob, successor to his brother.

3. Christopher, who died August 29th, 1719* unmarried.

4. Jane, who was wedded to John Allen-Pusey, of Pusey, in
the county of Berks, Esq. died on January 10th, 1/42, and was
buried at Pusey. And

5. Anne, who died unmarried, in 1771* ana* was buried at St.
Catharine's Cree-church.

Sir William died on May lgth, 1717> and was interred in the
south isle of the church of St. Catharine Cree, London, where a
white marble monument, affixed to one of the pillars, bearing
the arms of Bouverie, and thereon an escutcheon of pretence, of
the arms of Urry, has the following inscription :

Near this place lies

Interred, in a private vault, the body of

Sir William Des Bouverie,

Bart, deceased, the 19th day of

May 1717. Aged 60.

His Lady died, at Chelsea, on June 5th, 1739) and was inter-
red in St. Catherine Cree-church.

Sir Edward Des Bouverie, Baronet, eldest son and successor
to his father in dignity and estate, was one of the representatives
for Shaftesbury, in Dorsetshire/ in the two Parliaments of King
George I. and also in the first of George II. He married Mary,
youngest daughter and coheir (with Anne, mother of the late Mar-
quis of Clanrickard) of John Smith, of London, Esq. but had
no issue by her Ladyship • who departed this life in 1721, and
was buried at Britford, near Salisbury, in Wiltshire. Sir Edward
survived her until November 21st, 1736, when dying, at Aix in
France, his body was brought to England, and deposited near
that of his Lady.

u Ex Rot. in Offic. Camer. London.
* Parliamentary Register.

3(5 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

He was succeeded in dignity and estate by his only surviving
brother, Jacob,x afterwards created Viscount Folkestone.

The said Jacob, first Viscount Folkestone, served for
the city of New Sarum/ in the ninth Parliament of Great Bri-
tain ; and his late Majesty was pleased to advance him to the
dignities of a Baron, and Viscount, of the kindcm of Great Bri-
tain, by the names, styles, and titles of Lord Longford, Baron
of Longford, in the county of Wilts, and Viscount Folke-
stone, of Folkestone, in the county of Kent, by letters patent,
dated June 29th, 174/. His Lordship was Recorder of New Sa-
rum aforesaid; and having been a principal promoter of the
Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures, and Com-
merce, he was chosen President thereof, at the first institution,
in 1753, and was continued so, by annual election, during his
life.

His Lordship was twice married; first, to Mary, daughter and
sole heir of Bartholomew Clarke, of Hardingstone, in the county
of Northampton, Esq, by Mary, sister and sole heir to Hitch
Young, of Roehampton, in Surrey.

And, secondly, in May, 1741, to Elizabeth Marsham, which
Lady died 25th September, ] 782, at South-Warmborough, Hants,
eldest daughter of Robert Lord Romney, and sister to the late
Lord Romney.

By the first Lady, who departed this iife on November 16th,
1739, and was buried at Britford, he was father of several chil-
dren, who died young, besides two sons and four daughters, who
survived him ; viz.

1. William, late Earl of Radnor.

2. The Honourable Edward Bouverie, born September 5th,
1738, who is seated at Hardingstone & de la Pre Abbey, near
Northampton, and was returned at the general elections in \76l,
and 1768, one of the citizens for New Sarum, and for North-
ampton, 179O, 1796, 1802, 1806, 1807. He married, June
30th, 1764, Harriet, only daughter of Sir Everard Fawkener, Knt.
many years Ambassador at the Porte, by whom he has issue,
J. Edward, born 1768, married 17S8, the only daughter and

heir of Castle, Esq. a great Stationer and Banker, in Lon*

don, by whom he has Everard, Charles, Francis, Catharine, and
Elizabeth. 2. Harriet, born 177*> married James, Earl of Ross-
lyn. 3. Frances, born 1773. 4. Mary, born 1775, married,

x He was a Merchant in London.
y Succession of Parliaments.

EARL OF RADNOR. 37

August 1800, William Maxwell, of Caridden, in North Britain,
Esq. 5. John, born 1778- 6. Jane, born 1780, married, Ja-
nuary 18th, 1802, the late Sir Francis Vincent, Bart, who died
December 1808. 7. Henry-Frederick, born 1788. 8. Diana,
born 178#.

3. Anne, married, on January 24th, 1761, to the Honourable
and Reverend George Talbot, D.D. son to William Lord Talbot,
Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain j and had issue.

4. Mary, wedded on March 20th, 1 ?5Q, to Anthony- Ashley,
late Earl of Shaftesbury j and died 1804.

5. Charlotte, born November 11th, 1732, married, June 30tb,
1788, John Grant, Esq. Banker in Bond-street, and of White
Waltham, Berks. And

Harriot, born October 17th, 1736, married, in June, 1775, to
Sir James Tilney Long, of Draycot, in Wiltshire, Bart, and died
on November 12th, 1777* without issue.

Jacob Viscount Folkestone, by his second Lady, had two sons 5
viz.

Jacob, who died at the age of two years and eight months, and
was buried at Biitford. And,

Philip, who was born on October 8th, 1746, and has taken
the name of Pusey ; and married, August 21st, 179&> Lady Lucy
Cave, widow of Sir Thomas Cave, Bart, and daughter of the
third Earl of Harborough.

His Lordship departing this life on February 17th, 1761, had
sepulture at Britford aforesaid 5 and was succeeded in his honours
and estate by his eldest son,

William, first Earl op Radnor, who was born on Fe-
bruary 26th, 1725, and elected for the city of New Sarum, 1747 i
for which city he w#s also returned to the ensuing Parliament.
After his accession to the Peerage, he was unanimously chosen
Recorder of New Sarum, in the room of his father, and sworn
into that office on August 12th, 1761. By letters patent, bearing
date October 29th, 1765, he was created Earl of Radnor, and
Baron Pleydell-Bouverie, of Coleshill, in Berkshire, with remain'
der of the Earldom, in failure of issue male, to the male issue of
his fattier, Jacob Viscount Folkestone. His Lordship was, for
several years (to the time of his death), Governor, by annual
election, of the Levant or Turkey Company, and Governor of the
Hospital for French Protestants and their descendants, and was a
Fellow of the Royal Society.

On January 18th, 1 747-8, he married to his first wife, Harriot,

38 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

only child of Sir Mark Stuart Pleydell,7 of Coleshill, in Berkshire,
Baronet, by his wife, Mary, daughter and sole heir of Robert
Stuart, son of John Stuart, of Ascog, in the Isle of Bute, Esqrs.
descended from Sir John Stuart, Knt. hereditary Sheriff and
Steward of that island (being so created by his father, Robert II.
King of Scotland), and ancestor to the present Marquis of Bute.

By this Lady, who died on May 29th, 1750, and was buried
in the family vault at Bridford, his Lordship had issue one son,
the present Earl of Radnor. To her memory, an elegant honorary
monument, or cenotaph/ is erected, in the parish church of
Coleshill, in Berkshire. —

s Sir Mark Stuart Pleydell was lineally descended from William Pleydell, of
the same place, in the reign of King Edward IV. and by the marriage of his
grandfather with Mary, daughter, and at length sole heir of Sir George Pratt,
Bart, was a representative and coheir of the several families of Forste"r and Dela-
mere, of Aldermaston, in Berks; Popham, of Somersetshire 5 St. Martin, of
Wiltshire ; Barrett, of Avely, in Essex ; and of the elder branch of the Her-
berts, ancient Earls of Pembroke, and the late Earl of Powis, and several other
families »f antiquity and distinction ; and dying, October, 1768, bequeathed his
estate to his grandson, Jacob, now Earl of Radnor; and, in failure of his issue
male, to the issue male of William, then Eatl of Radnor ; and, in failure of his
issue male, to the issue male of Jacob, late Viscount Folkestone; directing each
person so enjoying the same, to use and bear the surname of Pleydell-Bouverie.

a It has the following inscription :

Sacred
to the most endeared memory of
The Hon. Harriot Bouverie,
Daughter and only child of
Sir Mark Stuart Pleydell, Bart.
By Mary his Wife.
In Person, Manner, Disposition,
And uncommon Understanding,
Mcst amiable.
In Gentleness, Candour, and Humility ;
3n Prudence, Sincerity, and Beneficence;
In substantial and uniform Piety,
Most exemplary.
The accomplished Woman,
The universal Friend,
The real Christian.
As a Daughter, she was obedient,

She was affectionate.
As a Parent (short alas her Trial!)
Tender, solicitous.

EARL OF RADNOR. 39

His Lordship married, secondly, on September 5th, 1751, Re-
becca, daughter of John Alley ne, of Barbadoes, Esq. and sister
of Sir John Gay Alleyne, Bart, by Mary, only child, by the first
marriage, of William Tirrill, Esq. (which Mary, and Lady Pley-
dell, mother of his Lordship's first Lady, were cousin-germans,
their mothers being sisters and co-heiresses) . The said Rebecca,
Viscountess Folkestone, who was a Lady uniformly good in all
the offices of life, and in all the relations of it perfectly amiable,
departed this life on May 4th, 17^4, and .was buried at Britford.
His Lordship had issue, by her, four sons, viz.

1. The Hon. William-Henry Bouverie, who was born on Oc-
tober 30th, 1752, and married, August 14th, 1777, to Lady
Bridget Douglas, daughter of James Earl of Morton, by whom
he had, 1. William John, born November 23d, 1778, died
March 1st, 1791. 2. Elizabeth, born October 1st, 178O, 3.
Charles Henry, in the army. 4. Maria, born March 1st, 1786.
5. Emma. He formerly represented New-Sarum, and Down ton
in parliament, and died August 23d, 1806.

2. The Hon. Bartholomew Bouverie, born October 29th, 1753,
and married, March 9th, 1779» Mary Wyndham, daughter of
James Everard Arundel, and sister to the present Lord Arundel,
of Wardour, by whom he has had, 1. Anna Maria, born Decem-
ber 9th, 1779; died April 17th, 1790. 2. Henry James, born
April 17th, 178I. 3. Edward. 4. Charlotte. 5. Harriet. 6.
Wyndham. He was formerly M. P. for Downtonj and is one of
the Commissioners for auditing the Public Accounts.

3. Hon. Young Bouverie, born April 16th, 17^9, died an in-
fant.

4. The Hon. Edward Bouverie, born September 20th, 176O,
married, first, May 24th, 1782, Lady Catharina Murray, daughter

The Ornament of her own Family,

The Admiration of that into which she married,

Loving and beloved with entire unvaried Affection,

An honour to the Marriage State,

She blessed an husband who can never enough lament

The loss of so incomparable a wife. .

Conjugi carissimae de se optime meritae & merenti

Gulielmus Bouverie praehonorabilis Viri Yicecomitis

Folkestone,

Filius natu maximus, infelicit'er superstes,

Cum lacrymis posuit.

Br it fordi S. comi. Wilton in sepulchro suis sacro

Dcposhi sunt Cinerei.

40 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

of the present Earl of Dunmore; and by her, who died July 7th,
1783, had issue George Edward, born February 11th, 1783, and
died in July 1784. He married, secondly, December 20th, 1785,
Miss Ogle, second daughter of Admiral Sir Chaloner Ogle} and
by her has George Augustus, born 1786.

Also two daughters^ Mary-Harriot, and Harriot- Mary, who
were born twins, on June 20th, 1/55, and died infants, besides
several other children, still-born.

His Lordship wedded, thirdly, on July 22d, 1765, Anne, relict
of Anthony Duncombe, Lord Feversham, Baron of Downton, in
the county of Wilts, and daughter of Sir Thomas Hales, of How-
lets, in Beakesbourne, in Kent, Bart, by whom he had issue two
daughters; Mary-Elizabeth, and Caroline, who both died young.

His Lordship departed this life, January 28th, 1/76, and was
succeeded by his eldest son,

Jacob, the present and second Earl of Radnor, who was
born March 15th, 1750. At his accession to the Peerage, he was
representative in Parliament (having been twice returned), for
New Sarum (in which seat he was succeeded by his brother, Wil-
liam-Henry). His Lordship is now Recorder of the same city;
and Lord Lieutenant and Custos Rotulorum of Berkshire; also
M.A. F.R. and A. S.

On January 24th, 1777 > ms Lordship married Anne, youngest
daughter and coheir of the above-mentioned Anthony Lord Fever-
sham, and has had issue

1. Lady Mary- Anne, born April 23d, 177$, died October 5th,
1790

2. William, Viscount Folkestone, M. P. for New Sarum, born
May 11th, 177& married, October 2d, 1800, Lady Catharine
Pelham Clinton, only child of Henry Earl of Lincoln, eldest son
of Henry Duke of Newcastle, and by her, who died May 17th,
1804, had a daughter, born May 2d, 1804.

3. Duncombe Pleydell, born June 28th, 178O, a Captain in the
Navy.

4. Lawrence, born August 6th, 1781, a Captain in the Wilts
Militia.

5. Lady Harriet, born September 2d, 1782, died December
31st, 1794.

6. Lady Barbara, born October 17th, 1783, died June 26th
1798.

7. Frederick, born November 1 6th, 1785.

8. Philip, born October 21st, ]788.

EARL OF RADNOR. 41

Titles. Jacob Pleydell-Bouverie, Earl of Radnor, Viscount
Folkestone, in Kent; Lord Longford, Baron of Longford, in
Wiltshire; Baron Pleydell-Bouverie, of Coleshill, in the county of
Berks, and Baronet.

Creations. Baronet, on February 19th, 1713-14, 12 Queen
Anne 5 Lord Longford, Baron of Longford, in Wiltshire $ Vis-
count Folkestone, of Folkestone, in the county of Kent, on June
29th, 1747, 21 George II. ; Baron Pleydell-Bouverie, of Coles-
hill, in Berkshire, and Earl of Radnor, on October 29th, 1705,
5 George III.

Arms. Quarterly, 1st and 4th, per Fess, Or, and Argent, a
spread eagle, Sable, charged on the breast with an escutcheon,
Gules, a Bend Vaire, for Bouverie; 2d and 3d, Argent, a Bend,
Gules, Guttee des larmes between two Cornish daws, proper, a
chief cheque, Or, and Sable, for Pleydell.

Crest. On a wreath, a demi-eagle, displayed, with two heads,
Sable, beaked, and ducally gorged, Or, and charged on the breast
with a cross-crosslet, Argent.

Supporters. On each side, an eagle reguardant, Sable, gorged
with a ducal coronet, Or, and charged on the breast with a cross-
crosslet, Argent.

Motto. Patria cara, carior Libertas.

Chief Seats. At Longford castle, in Wiltshire 3 and Coleshill-
house, near Farringdon, Berks.

42 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

SPENCER EARL SPENCER.

The antiquity and lustre of the noble family of Spencer, appear
evidently in the pedigree of his Grace the Duke of Marlborough,
Vol. I. of this work, where it is recited, that Charles Spencer,
third Earl of Sunderland, by his second Lady, Anne, daughter
and coheir of John Churchill, Duke of Marlborough, was father
of four sons 5 viz.

1. Robert, Lord Spencer, who died an infant.

2. Robert, third Earl of Sunderland, who departed this life
unmarried.

3. Charles, fourth Earl of Sunderland, and second Duke of
Marlborough. And,

4. The Honourable John Spencer, of whom, and his descend-
ants, we are here principally to treat.

The said Hon. John Spencer was born on May 13th, 170b;
and after an education at home, suitable to his noble birth, ac-
complished himself further by visiting foreign countries. In
January, 1731-2, he was elected member of Parliament for the
borough of Woodstock, in the county of Oxford, and was returned
by the same corporation to the next Parliament, 1 734. He was
also at the same time chosen one of the Knights of the shire for
the county of Bedford, but took his seat for Woodstock, for
which he was again returned at the general election in 1741 j
as he was also in December 1/44 3 having vacated his seat by
accepting the offices of Ranger and Keeper of his Majesty's
Great-Park at Windsor, which fell to him upon the death of his
grandmother, Sarah Dutchess of Marlborough, and was the only
place he was allowed to accept by her Grace's will. He likewise,
at the decease of her Grace, succeeded to a very great estate, as is

EARL SPENCER. 43

fully set forth in her said will'; but departed this life, at his seat at
Wimbledon, in Surrey, on June 20th, 1746, and was buried at
Althorpe,b in Northamptonshire : his death was justly esteemed a
national loss, for his private munificence, and his steady adherence
to the interest of his country, having constantly concurred in the
senate with those who endeavoured to promote its liberty and
welfare.

On February 14th, 1733-4, he wedded Lady Georgina-Caro-
lina, third daughter of John Carteret, late Earl Granville : and
by her Ladyship (who, on May 1 st ,1750, remarried with William
late Earl Cowper, and died August, 1780), he had a son,

John, Jirst Earl Spencer j and a daughter,

Diana, who was born in May, 1735, and died about six years
old.

His only son, John, first Earl Spencer, was born on De-
cember 18th, 1734, and having been educated under the best
masters at home, travelled into foreign countries for his further
improvement.

In December, 1/57 > ne was elected Member for the town of
Warwick j was created Viscount Spencer, and Baron Spencer,
of Althorpe, in the county of Northampton, by letters patent, bear-
ing date April 3d, 1761 j and was advanced to the dignity of
Earl Spencer, and Viscount Althorpe, by letters patent, bearing
date November 1st, 1 765. His Lordship was likewise High
Steward of St. Albans, and one of the Vice Presidents of the Bri-
tish Lying-in Hospital.

His Lordship died October 31st, 1783, having married, on De-
cember 27th, 1755, Margaret Georgiana, eldest daughter of Ste-
phen Poyntz, of Midgeham, in the county of Berks, Esq. by whom
he had issue one son,

George-John, now Earl Spencer ; and four daughters.

2. Lady Georgiana, born June 9th, 1757, and married, June
6th, 1774, to William Cavendish, the present Duke of Devon-
shire j and died March 30th, 1806.

3. Lady Henrietta-Frances, born June lfjth, 1761, married,
in November, 178O, to Viscount Duncannon, now Earl of Bes-
borough.

4. Lady Charlotte, born August 26th, 1765, died in September,
1766, and was buried at Althorpe. And,

b This was the paternal seat of the Sunderland family, which, with the an.
cient patrimony, seems to have been allotted to the younger son on their acces-
sion to the Marlborough estates.

4* PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

5. Lady Louisa, born April 4th, 1769, who died a few days
after, and was buried at Althorpe.

George-John, only son. succeeded his father, as second Earl
Spencer. He was born Sept. ]st, 175S; was educated, first, at
Harrow school, where he had for his tutor the celebrated Sir Wil-
liam Jones 5 and afterwards at Cambridge. While a Commoner,
he represented Northamptonshire in Parliament.

In 1794, he was appointed First Lord of the Admiralty, which
he held till 1801 ; and in 1S06, was appointed Secretary of State
for the Home Department, which he held only a year.

His Lordship married, Match 6th, 1781, Lavinia Bingham,
eldest daughter of Charles first Earl of Lucan, by whom he has
had issue,

1. John-Charles, Viscount Althorpe, M. P. for the county of
Northampton j and a Lord of the Treasury, 1S06.

2. Lady Sarah, born July 29th, 1787.

3. Richard, born October ]8tb, 1789, died January 20th, 1791.

4. Robert Cavendish, born October 24th, 1791, a Midshipman
on board Le Tigre, Captain Hallo well.

5. Harriet, born February, 1793, died in the following month.

6. Georgiana-Charlotte, born August 13th, 1794.

7. Frederick, born April, 1798,

8. A son, born December 21st, 1799.

Titles. John Spencer, Earl Spencer, Viscount Althorpe, Vis-
count Spencer, and Baron Spencer, of Althorpe.

Creations. As above-mentioned.

Arms. Quarterly, Argent, and Gules, in the second and third
quarters, a fret, Or 5 over all, on a bend, Sable, three escallop
shells of the first ; a crescent for difference.

Crest. In a ducal coronet, Or 5 a griffin's head, Argent, col-
lared, with a bar gemell, Gules, between two wings erect of the
second.

Supporters. On the dexter side, a griffin, per Fess, ermine and
erminois : on the sinister, a wyvern, ermine : each gorged with
a collar, fleury, counter fieury, and chained. Sable; the collars
charged with three escallop shells, Or.

MottO. DlEU DEFEND LE DROIT.

Chief Seats. At Althorpe, in Northamptonshire j and at Wim-»
bledon, in Surrey.

PITT EARL OF CHATHAM. 45

PITT EARL OF CHATHAM.

Of this family, which has been long seated at Blandford, in the
county of Dorset, as will appear under the title of Lord Rivers,
was Thomas Pitt, Esq. born in that town, son of the Rev. John
Pitt, Rector of Blandford, co. Dorset, who died 1672.

He was by Queen Anne appointed governor of Fort St. George,*
in the East Indies, where he many years resided,, and there pur-
chased, for the sum of 48,000 pagodas (20,4001. sterling), that
extraordinarily fine diamond, weighing 127 carats, which he sold
to the King of France for 135,0001. sterling, and which to this
day is styled Pith diamond^ In 1715, he was appointed a Com-
missioner for building fifty new churches, and on July 6th, 1716,
constituted governor of Jamaica ; whereupon his seat in parlia-
ment for Old Sarum being vacated, he was elected for Thirsk, in
Yorkshire. He repaired and beautified the church of Blandford
St. Mary, in Dorsetshire (as appears by an inscription on the wall
over the entrance of the aisle) \ and those of Stratford, in Wilt-
shire j and of Abbotston, in Hampshire.

a " On the 30th December, 1709, the Directors of the East India Company
chose Mr. Gulston Addison, an eminent Merchant, residing at Fort St. George,
Governor and President at that place, in the room of Thomas Pitt, Esq. who, it
is said, has desired leave to come home." Gent. Mag. 1786, p. 781.

b But for a more particular description of this valuable diamond, we must re-
fer the reader to the Museum Britannicum, p. 69, and seq. published, in J 778,
by John and Andrew Van Rymsdyk; and for the exact representation of it in
its different states, to Tab. xxviii. of the same work, which exhibits a great va-
riety of natural curiosities belonging to that noble and magnificent cabinet, the
British Museum. See also some account of it in Gent. Mng. Vol. LVI. p. 781.
The diamond was shipped from Fort St. George, 8th March, 1701-2. It was
sold to the Duke of Orleans, for the French King, about 17 17. It was about the
size of a pigeon's egg.

46 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

He married Jane, daughter of James Innis, son of Adam Innis,
of Reid-hall, in the shire of Murray, in Scotland (grandson of Sir
Robert Innis, of Innis, in the said county, Bart.), by the Lady
Grisel Steuart, daughter of James Lord Down, and Earl of Mur-
ray (who married Margaret, Countess of Murray, daughter and
heir of James Steuart, Earl of Murray, natural son of James V.
King of Scotland, and base brother of Queen Mary), and had
issue by her (who died January 10th, 1/27), three sons and two
daughters j viz.

1. Robert Pitt, of Boconnock, in Cornwall, Esq. of whom
hereafter.

2. Thomas, who, in the years 1713, 1714, and 1722, was
elected to parliament for the borough of Wilton, in the county of
Wilts, was a Colonel of horse ; and having married Lady Frances,
daughter and coheir of Robert Ridgeway, Earl of Londonderry,
(whose ancestor, Sir Thomas Ridgeway, in the reign of Queen
Elizabeth, was sent into Ireland, and there planted the first Pro-
testant colony), was, by privy-seal, dated at St. James's, May 4th,
and by patent, at Dublin, June 3d, 1719, created Baron of Lon-
donderry, in the kingdom of Ireland; and, in the year 1726, was
further advanced to the titles of Viscount of Galen-Ridgeway, and
Earl of Londonderry, in the said kingdom, by privy-seal dated at
Kensington, September 7th, and by patent at Dublin, October
8th. In 1727, he was chosen member to parliament for Old Sa-
rum ; but his seat was vacated on his being constituted Captain-
general and Commnnder in Chief of his Majesty's Leeward Islands
in America. He died at St. Christopher's, on September 12th,
1729, aged forty-one j and his corpse being brought over to Eng-
land, was interred at Blandford St. Mary's, in Dorsetshire. He
had issue by his said wife, two sons and one daughter; Thomas
and Ridgeway, successively Earls of Londonderry, who both died
unmarried, whereby that title became extinct; and Lady Lucy,
wife of Pierce Meyrick, of Bodorgan, in the county of Anglesea,
Esq.

3. John Pitt, Esq. who served in the British Parliament for the
boroughs of Hindon, Old Sarum, and Camelford, and was a Co-
lonel in the first regiment of Foot-guards, and Lieutenant-governor
of Bermudas. He married Mary, eldest daughter of Thomas, and
sister of Thomas, Viscount Fauconberg, and died on February 9th,
1/44, without issue.

4. Lucy, married February 24th, 1712, to James Stanhope,
Esq. created Earl Stanhope (mother by him of Philip Earl Stan-

EARL OF CHATHAM. AJ

hope), after whose death she had a grant of an annuity of 2,6001.
on the Irish establishment, for thirty-one years, dated August 16th,
17223 and deceasing on February 24th, 1723, was interred by
her husband, at Chevening, in Kent.

5. Essex, married to Charles Cholmondeley, of Vale-royal,
in the county of Chester, Esq.

Their father departed this life April 28th, 1726, and was bu-
ried at Blandford St. Mary's, in Dorsetshire.

I now return to Robert Pitt, of Boconnock, Esq. the eldest
son, who served in parliament, in the year 1713, for the borough
of Old Sarum, and in J 722 for Oakhampton, in which year he
was appointed one of the Clerks of the Green Cloth to his late
Majesty, then Prince of Wales ; and departing this life, on May
20th, 1/27, was buried at Blandford St. Mary's. He married
Harriot, sister of John Villiers, Earl of Grandison (which Lady
died at Paris, October 21st, N. S. 1736, and was buried at Bland-
ford St. Mary's), and by her had issue two sons and five daugh-
ters; viz.

1. Thomas Pitt, of Boconnock, in Cornwall, Esq. who was
Lord Warden of the Stannaries, and Steward of the Dutchy, in
Cornwall and Devon, to Frederick late Prince of Wales. He
was member in four Parliaments for Oakhampton, and in three
of them was elected also for Old Sarum, which borough he repre-
sented in two parliaments, and, dying in July, 1/60, was buried
at Blandford St. Mary's. He married Christian, eldest daughter
of Sir Thomas Lyttelton, of Hagley, in Worcestershire, Bart, and
sister of George, late Lord Lyttelton (by his wife, Christian, sister
of Richard Temple, late Lord Viscount Cobham), by which
Lady, who died on June 5th, 1/50, and was buried at Hagley,
he had issue two daughters; Amelia, married to William Spry,
LL.D.j and Christian, to Thomas Saunders, Esq. Governor of Fort
St. George; also one son, Thomas Pitt,b created Lord Camelford,
1784, who was succeeded by his only son, Thomas, second Lord
Camelford, an eccentric young man, on whose death, ] 804, the
title became extinct. His only sister and heir married William,
the present Lord Grenville.

2. William Pitt, Esq. of whom hereafter.

Of the daughters, Harriot was married to Sir William Corbet,
of Stoke, in Shropshire, Bart. ; Catharine, to Robert Needham, of
Ireland, Esq.; (whose granddaughter, Miss Trollop Brown, mar-

b See the Letters written to him in his youth by his uncle, Lord Chatham ;
and published by Lord Grenville, 180^.

48- PEERAGE OF -ENGLAND.

ried the present Earl of Pomfret) ; Ann c was Maid of Honour
to Queen Caroline, and Privy-purse to the late Princess Dowager
of Wales 5 Elizabeth married John Hanham, Esq. Barrister at
Law, and died February 14th, 1770; and Mary, unmarried.

William Pitt, Esq. the younger son, first Earl of Chat-
ham, served in parliament for the borough of Old Sarum, in the
f)th Parliament of Great Britain, the port of Seaford in the 10th,
the borough of Aldborough in the 1 lth, and the city of Bath in
the 12th, till he was advanced to the Peerage.

In February, 1737, he was appointed a Groom of the Bed-
chamber to his Royal Highness Frederick, Prince of Wales, which
resigning in April, 1745, he was constituted on the 22d of Fe-
bruary, 1746, Joint Vice-Treasurer of Ireland, and on May 6th,
1746, Treasurer and Paymaster-general of the army, and on the
28th of the same month was sworn a member of his Majesty's
most honourable Privy Council. For his opposing the measures
of the Ministry, in parliament, with an eloquence and force of
reasoning seldom equalled, her Grace Sarah, late Dutchess Dow-
ager of Marlborough, some time before, left him a legacy of ten
thousand pounds j upon account, as her will expresses it, of his
merit in the noble defence he has made for the support of the laws
of England, and to prevent the ruin of his country. Having re-
signed his post of Pay master- general of the forces, he was, on
December 4th, 17-^6, appointed Secretary of State for the South-
ern department, in the room of the Right Hon. Henry Fox ;
which post he held until October 5th, 1/tJl ^except the small in-
terval from April pth, 1757, to June 29th, the same year), with
such honour to himself, such glory to the nation, and so greatly
to the satisfaction of his Sovereign and the people in general, as
never any Minister in this kingdom before experienced. Our
successes abroad, during his patriotic administration, are too
deeply engraved on the minds of his countrymen ever to be erased,
or to need much mention here : let it suffice just to say, that all
the officers employed through his influence, by sea and land,
justified his nice and true discernment : under his auspices, Am-
herst and Boscawen reduced Cape Breton j Wolfe and Saunders
triumphed at Quebec j Goree and Senegal were subjugated to the
crown of Great Britain 5 the French were ruined in the East In-
dies, their armies defeated in Europe 3 Belleisle was rent from
their monarchy j their coasts were insulted and ravaged, their fleets
destroyed, their trade annihilated, and those ancient enemies of
these kingdoms reduced to a state of bankruptcy} and that by

c She died 9th February, 1781, at Kensington Gravel Pits, Middlesex.

EARL OF CHATHAM. *cj

his wise plan the Havannah was torn from the Spaniards after his
resignation. Happy and united at home, abroad the English
nation was everywhere feared and respected j her ensigns were
displayed in the remotest regions, and her honour was advanced
to a pitch never known before: the name of an Englishman was
pronounced with reverence, and her sovereign's glory propagated
to the furthest bounds of the earth.

On October 5th, 1761, he resigned the seals of his office of
secretary of State, and they were given to Charles, late Earl of
Egremont ; bat his Majesty, in consideration of his great and im-
portant services, was graciously pleased to direct a warrant to be
prepared for ganting to the Lady Hester Pitt, his wife, a Barony
of Great Britain, by the name, style, and title, of Baroness of
Chatham, to herself, and of Baron of Chatham, to her heirs
male; and also to confer on him, the said Right Hon. William
Pitt, an annuity of three thousand pounds, during his own life,
and that of Lady Hester Pitt, and their son the Hon. John Pitt.
Esq.

During the period in which he bore no share in the adminis-
tration, his behaviour displayed an inflexible integrity, and the
greatest loVe of his country, particularly in the famous affair of
General Warrants, and that of the repeal of the American stamp
act, on which he spoke with such eloquence, solid judgment, and
conviction, as could not fail to silence his opponents, and to prove
that the slavery of our colonies would be followed by our own de-
struction. At length, after many shifting and unsteady plans of
administration, his Majesty, induced by a thorough knowledge of
his great abilities, and the general wishes of his people, was gra-
ciously pleased again to call him to his assistance in the arduous
affairs of government, and to confer new honours upon him.

On July 30th, 1/66, his Majesty was pleased to grant unto
him, and his heirs male, the dignities of a discount and Earl of
Great Britain, by the name, style, and title of discount Pitt, of
Burton Pynsent, in the county of Somerset, and Earl of Chat-
ham, in the county of Kent, and to deliver to his Lordship the
custody of the privy-seal, which high office his Lordship held till
November 2d, 1768, and it was the last public employment he
accepted of.

For several years before his death his Lordship was so violently
afflicted with the gout, that he was not only incapable of attend-
ing to his own private affairs, but was in general confined to his
chamber j yet so great was his love to his country's welfare, that

VOL. V. E

50 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

whenever any matter of great moment was to be debated in the
house of" peers, his Lordship would attend his duty in parliament,
though he was obliged to be wrapped in flannels and was unable
to stand, without the assistance of crutches- As it was on one of
those occasions that his Lordship, by exerting himself beyond his
strength, brought on that illness which put a period to his 1 fe, it
will not be improper to give a short account of the business of
that day, not only as a proof of his Lordship's great abilities, even
in the last period of his life, but to preserve his sentiments upon
the American affairs, and to shew the great esteem in which his
Lordship's opinion was held by that great assembly.

On April 8th, 177*S his Grace the Duke of Richmond, agree-
able to the notice he had given a few days before, rose (in the
hou^e of peers) to propose an address to his Majesty, in conse-
quence of the proceedings of the committee appointed to inquire
into the state of the nation. The substance of the address was as
follows :

" Humbly stating to his Majesty, that in the present very
serious situation of public affairs, that house had thought it their
duty, as hereditary council to his Majesty, and guardians of his
dignity and dominions, to make strict inquiry into the state of the
nation and conduct of its government ; and after proceeding day
by day with most attentive prudence, they thought it their duty
humbly to lay before his Majesty the principal facts brought to
light by their investigations. That our army in America, in the
year 1 77*> consisted of above 6000 men ; that in J 77 '5, it consisted
of 12,000 j in 1 776, of 42,000 ; and in 1777, of 3(5,000. That
with this force, the most powerful that had ever been sent out of
the kingdom, accompanied by a fine train of artillery, and sup-
ported by eighty-two ships of war, we had been able to make no
greater conquests in the revolted provinces during so many years,
than that of two open towns, Philadelphia and New York, with
two or three small islrsnds on the coasts. That during the last
campaign we had lost above 1 1 ,800 of our best troops ; that in
the present internal state of this kingdom, it was impossible with
prudence to send over a sufficient number of veteran troops to re-
cruit that deficiency j and the new levies could not be trained to
arms early enough for speedy and effective action. That the great
advantage which we had of the Americans at the beginning of
the war, was the discipline of our veteran troops opposed to their
inexperience in arms : now the case was reversed, and our raw
forces must meet their soldiers of approved service. That it was

EARL OF CHATHAM. 5J

highly imprudent to expect that success with a weaker army,
which had not attended the efforts of one much stronger — it was
still more imprudent to expect that the same force which was un-
able to prevail against America, should be able to reduce that con-
tinent when powerfully supported by the house of Bourbon. That
the force of this country was by no means in the respectable situa-
tion which it ought to be in, for the national dignity and safety j
that the state of the navy in particular, was found to be very dif-
ferent from the accounts on the table, and far inferior to the
public representation made of it by the first lord of the admiralty,
as well as unequal to the prodigious sums granted by parliament
for its support.

" That public credit was evidently at a very low ebb, as ap-
peared by the discount on the present loan, in which the sub-
scribers were considerable losers ; though the interest upon it was
greater, and the terms in general more advantageous than had
been known in any former loan.

** That a debt of thirty-nine millions must necessarily be in-
curred by the present civil war. Such alarming circumstances
were lamentable indications of an approaching national bank-
ruptcy. It was a situation which demanded the most calm con-
sideration ; it was net a moment to run hastily into measures to
which our abilities were inadequate : at such a moment it was
the duty of the.house to watch over his Majesty's ministers, and
to offer their best advice to their gracious sovereign. They there-
fore implored his Majesty to look back to that glorious period,
when he came to the throne of these kingdoms, with all the flat-
tering circumstances of royal happiness, and the prosperity of a
loyal and affectionate people, through a flourishing and extended
empire, the pride, the glory, and the terror of the world ! They
exhorted him to compare the present distracted and ruinous state
of this empire, with that envied condition in which it had been
delivered to him by his glorious predecessors of the house of Bruns-
wick ; and then form a judgment of those men who had deceived
and betrayed his Majesty, the parliament and the nation, into the
unnatural war which had produced such direful effects : men who
had lavishly squandered away the public money, neglected the
kingdom's safety, abused the nation's confidence, alienated the
affection and duty of the people, tarnished the lustre of his Ma-
jesty's crown, and dismembered his empire. They humbly ad-
vised him to withdraw all his forces by sea and land from the re-
volted provinces, and adopt amicable means only, for recovering

52 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND

their friendship at least, if not their allegiance. They humbly
intreated his Majesty would dismiss his present ministers, who
had so dangerously misled him and his parliament by false infor-
mation and wicked advice ; that he would put a stop to the
ruinous system of policy which had hitherto been pursued, and
seriously think upon some method of reforming the morals, cor-
recting the dissipation, and promoting the industry of the people,
as the only means of saving the state from the ruin to which we
are hastening with such rapid strides."

Lord Weymouth replied, that he should oppose the motion
upon two principles, applying to the two objects of the prayer of
the address proposed by the noble Duke. First, the removal of
his Majesty's ministers ; and next, the withdrawing the forces
from America. Though a minister himself, he declared his mo-
tives were not personal, and for this he appealed to those who
knew his disposition and sentiments on that point ; but he thought
it unjust to condemn ministers without a fair hearing j and, for-
ward as they might be in their private capacities to meet the
keenest inquiry, yet the delicate circumstances of the state, made
it impossible for them, at the present crisis, to offer the proofs
which could be adduced in their justification, without the danger
of injuring the public cause; so intimate was the relation of one
with the other. It was therefore by no means a fair deduction
of the noble Duke, <c that not to controvert assertions was to
admit them j" and confident that many of the propositions in the
address moved for, were not true facts, he could not consent to
their being stated to the King with the authority of parliament.

With respect to the other part of the prayer, " to call home
our forces," he considered it as very bad policy in the moment
when a foreign war was so strongly apprehended, to let our ene-
mies know officially how and where, and for what purposes, we
were to dispose of our forces ; and though, by calling home the
forces now in America, we did not actually announce where they
were to be employed, yet it was letting them know where they
were not to be employed, and even that was by no means prudent;
for the policy of all nations and governments left such cares to the
discretion of the executive power, to whose province it was com-
mitted by reason, as well as by the constitution of this country.

The Earl of Chatham followed Lord Weymouth. [He ap-
peared to be extremely feeble, and spoke with that difficulty of
utterance which is the characteristic of severe indisposition.] His
Lordship began with declaring, that his ill health had for some

EARL OF CHATHAM. 53

time obliged him to absent himself from the performance of his
parliamentary duty ; he rejoiced, however, that he was yet alive
to give his vote against so impolitic, so inglorious a measure as the
acknowledgement of the independency of America ; and declared
he would much rather be in his grave than see the lustre of the
British throne tarnished, the dignity of the empire disgraced, the
glory of the nation sunk to such a degree as it must be, when the
dependency of America on the sovereignty of Great Britain was
given up. The Earl next adverted to the conduct of the court of
France, and observed, that at a crisis like the present he would
openly speak his sentiments, although they might turn out to be
dangerous. As a reason for throwing off reserve, he said he did
not approve of halting between two opinions, when there was no
middle path \ that it was necessary absolutely to declare either for
peace or war, and when the former could not be preserved with
honour, the latter ought to be declared without hesitation. Hav-
ing made this remark, he asked, where was the ancient spirit of
ihe nation, that a foreign power was suffered to bargain for that
commerce which was her natural right, and enter into a treaty
with her own subjects, without instantly resenting it ? Could it
be possible that we were the same people who but sixteen years
ago were the envy and admiration of all the world ? How were
we altered ! and what had made the alteration ? He feared there
was something in the dark, something lurking near the throne,
which gave motion to administration — something unseen, which
caused such pusillanimous, such timid, such dastardly councils.
What ! were we to sit down in an ignominious tameness ? to say,
" take from us what you will, but in God's name let us be at
peace ?" Were we blinded by despair ? Could we forget that
we were Englishmen ? Could we forget that the nation had stood
the Danish irruptions ? had stood the irruptions of other nations !
had stood the inroads of the Scotch ! had stood the Norman con-
quests ! had stood the threatened invasion of the famous Spanish
armada, and the various efforts of the Bourbon compacts ! Why
then should we now give up all, without endeavouring to prevent
our losses, without a blow, without an attempt to resent the in-
sults offered us ? If France and Spain were for war, why not try
an issue with them ? If we fell afterwards, we should fall decently,
and like men.

Having spoken with some enthusiasm upon these points, his
Lordship said he waged war against no set of men, neither did
he wish for any of their employments : he then reverted to the

54 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

subject of American independency; and after recalling the atten-
tion of their Lordships to the extent and revenue of the estate of
the crown of England, when the present King came into the pos-
session of it, asked what right the houses of parliament had to de-
prive the Prince of Wales, the Bishop of Osnaburgh, and (he other
rising hopes of the noble royal family, of the inheritance of the
thirteen American provinces ? Sooner than consent to take away
from any of the heirs of the Princess Sophia's body, what they had
a legal and natural right to expect to possess, he declared he would
see the Prince of Wales, the Bishop of Osnaburgh, and the rest of
the young Princes, brought down to the committee, and hear them
consent to lose their inheritance. The Earl declared he was ex-
ceedingly ill ; but as long as he could crawl down to that house,
and had strength to raise himself on his crutches, or to lift his
hand, he would vote against the giving up the dependency of
America on the sovereignty of Great Britain ; and if no other
lord was of opinion with him, he would singly protest against
the measure.

With regard to our power to carry on the war, or commence
a new one with France, there were, he said, means, though he
knew not what ; if, however, he was called upon to give his ad-
vice, he would give it honestly j and though, from his exceeding
ill state of health, he feared he had not abilities enough to ensure
to the execution of his measures the wished for success, be would
make some amends by his sincerity.

The Duke of Richmond rose and spoke in reply j in answer
to Lord Weymouth's remarks, his Grace acknowledged that the
resolutions which had been offered during the sitting of the com-
mittee, had not been admitted, though they had not been contro-
verted, but appealed to their lordships, whether any one objec-
tion had been offered as to their foundation in fact, and whether
every one of their lordships were not perfectly convinced of the
truth of them. As to what the noble Viscount had said relative
to the dismission of the ministers, he begged him to recollect, that
the King's servants were in fact the servants of the people, and
that the King himself was an officer of the people : that therefore
parliament were warranted in their complaining of ministers, if
they failed in the discharge of their duty. That from what had
come out in the course of the inquiry, it was evident this country
was reduced to a very perilous situation, in consequence of the
weak and evil conduct of administration j that it was highly ne-
cessary to let the King know who were the cause of our present

EARL OF CHATHAM. 55

calamities. He said he had purposely avoided touching upon the
Canada expedition, or inquiring whether it was ascribable to the
ill conduct of the officer entrusted with the execution of it, or of
the minister at home who planned it, because he was determined
to proceed only upon facts which could be ascertained ; that the
address stated nothing but facts, facts proved beyond a contra-
diction.

In answer to what the noble Earl who spoke last had said, his
Grace declared if that Earl was called upon to conduct a war, he
certainly would suppoi t his measures as far as he was able; but he
begged the noble Earl to remember, that though spirit could do
a great deal, it could do little alone. He did not doubt but the
name of the Earl of Chatham (he begged his Lordship's pardon
for mentioning it before him) would rouse the spirit of the nation,
yet that name, great and mighty as it deservedly was, could not
gain victory without an army, without a navy, and without money.
If a large fleet of French ships met a few of ours, did the noble
Earl think, that merely teliing them the Earl of Chatham had the
conduct of affairs, would prevent our being beat? If the fleet
passed our ships, and the men on board the fleet effected an in-
vasion, did the noble Earl imagine that merely telling those who
landed that Lord Chatham was the minister, and that he had
roused the spirit of the nation, would induce them to reimbark,
and quit the pursuit of their purpose ? He desired the noble
Earl to recollect, that when he was formerly called to the head of
administration, the finances of the kingdom were in excellent
order, having been put into the best state that was possible by
that able financier Mr. Pelham. We had a fine army, a fine
navy. When the noble Earl was last the director of the military
operations of this country, we fought France for some years, and
Spain did not join in the war till France was debilitated, and
rendered almost incapable of pursuing it any longer. It was true,t
the noble Earl had carried the glory of the nation to a higher
pitch than had ever been known j but if he came in now, he came
in under different circumstances. Jf the noble Earl had told him
who were to support his measures, how the war was to be carried
on, and whence the supplies were to be obtained, he should have
readily given up his own opinion, and adopted that of his Lord-
ship ; but till those essential points were established, he must beg
leave to retain his own sentiments.

With regard to the American independency, if the Americans
could be persuaded to give up the idea, he would be one of the

56 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

first to vote for retaining them dependent on the sovereignty ot
Great Britain} but as he was convinced they would not, he was
anxious to keep them as allies, and he Was the more anxious, be-
cause he saw that if they were not on terms of friendship with us,
they would be so with France, and if we went to war with her on
account of her late treaty, they must in honour assist her against
us. His Grace reverted to his prior state of facts, and mentioned
that our army in America was now ] 1,000 men short of its
amount last year, that it would be dangerous to recruit it by drafts
from the old regiments at home, and impolitic and useless to re-
cruit it with the new levies ; that the finances were in a very
alarming state, the money for the service of the present year
having been raised at a greater disadvantage to the public than it
was in the year 1761, at a time when the war had continued for
some years. In reply to what Lord Chatham had said, relative
to the disinheriting the Prince of Wales, &c. of their American
patrimony j he said he would join issue with the noble Earl, as to
the wickedness of those who were the cause of such a measure,
and in supporting the Prince and his brethren in a proper exami-
nation into the conduct of that blundering administration who
had been guilty of such scandalous misconduct.

When his Grace came near the end of his reply, Lord Chat-
ham's great soul seemed agitated with some big thought, andt
when the Duke sat down, his Lordship attempted to rise, but his
feelings proved too strong for his debilitated constitution, and sud-
denly pressing his hand on his stomach, he fell into a convulsive
fit. The house was thrown into the greatest alarm by this melan-
choly circumstance. The strangers below the bar, who were un-
usually numerous, were ordered instantly to withdraw, the win-
dows were all opened, the house adjourned, and his Lordship was
removed into the princes chamber, where his physician, Dr. Ad-
dington, soon attended, and a favourable change ensued.

On April 8th, the debate which had been interrupted by the
sudden illness of the Earl of Chatham was resumed by the Earl of
Shelburne, who bestowed many polite and just encomiums on
Lord Chatham ; admiring, in particular, that amazing fortitude
which had enabled him, for the sake of his country, to struggle
against bodily infirmities, in order to deliver his opinion in parlia-
ment at so critical a juncture. He then, as we apprehend, sup-
plied the place of the disabled patriot, for he delivered what he
supposed that great statesman intended to have said when he was
taken ill.

EARL OF CHATHAM. 57

His Lordship's meaning, said the Earl of Shelburne, " when
we wished for war, though he did not know the means by which
it was to be conducted," was rather to be inferred from concomi-
tant circumstances, than deduced from the literal expression. He
intended to intimate, that there certainly were means in the in-
ternal resources of this kingdom, to assist us in any military mea-
sure, but what they were, that is, how those resources were to be
disposed, he could not then foresee, and for this plain reason, that
the application must be influenced in some degree,, by the casual
contingencies of the times. His Lordship then pointed out
wherein he differed from the Duke of Richmond. He said, his
Grace had divided the arguments, by which he supported the
principle of American independence into two distinct heads. First,
he had urged, " that the conquest of America, was a mad, a des-
perate, a foolish undertaking," because we wanted men and
money. But how did it appear that we laboured under either of
these deficiences ? Our difficulties were indeed great enough for
the basis of flowery declamation, and pathetic description ; but
the actual feeling of these terrible misfortunes had not yet touched
us. We wanted men $ he was talking to men, at least he would
think them so, till they signed the grant of American indepen-
dence. Wherever he went, he saw men in abundance 5 no violent
effort had been made, and yet we gave ourselves up to a premature
despondency ; which was, as Lord Chatham expressed it, " the
worst of all." But money was also wanting: what argument
had appeared in defence of this notion ? The stocks were low 5
that might be the case, and yet it was not at all a legitimate in-
ference, that money was scarce. The situation of the stocks was
a complex consideration, including in it, not only the possession of
money, but a confidence in ministers. Persons therefore, who,
had it, wanting that reliance, would keep it from the funds, and
consequently render the conclusion fallacious, that the quantity
of the specie was to be estimated from the state of the stocks. It
was his opinion, therefore, that neither of these circumstances ope-
rated against the prosecution of the war. The second argument
that had been produced was, that it was impolitic, even if it was
practicable, to subdue America, for that the friendship constituted
on such a foundation would be weak and temporary. He was of
opinion that there would be no friendship built on any other basis,
but that of acknowledged dependence. Their notions, their feel-
ings, their pride woujd change with the exaltation of their fortune;

58 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

being independent they would show themselves so. They would
be eager for the promotion of their national consequence,
and would trade here or there, or wherever this darling object
might be procured. We could therefore have no permanent
hopes even from this indignity, and should we submit to po-
sitive dishonour, where there was only the chance of positive ad-
vantage ? This was a principle which no circumstance would
induce him to favour. It was moreover unjust to acquiesce in
American independence. He knew from indisputable authority,
that there were great numbers there, who were actuated with the
warmest feelings of loyalty, and who wished for no treaty with
England, but on the foundation of dependence. The majority of
the executive power did not always imply a majority of the people,
it did not in America ; for he could affirm, of his own private in-
formation, that many remained unshaken in their attachment to
this country. Would it be fair? would it be honourable? to
desert those steady friends who had reposed a degree of confidence
in us, that endangered their lives and properties ? would it be
grateful to the descendants of the great Penn, who had contri-
buted so much to the establishing the glory and figure which Ame-
rica now held, to leave them a neglected prey to the barbarity of
tyrants, who from the novelty of their grandeur would be cruel in
excess ? Would it be kind as countrymen, to resign the great
possessions of the Lords Weymouth and Baltimore to their hostile
depredations. All these were circumstances, that as being strong
and powerful incitements to war, should be peculiar additions to
the disgrace of pusillanimous peace. His Lordship illustrated
these observations as he went on, with the apt introduction of
historical facts j and was more than usually ironical in his obser-
vations on the dastard spirit we now seemed to possess. He made
several digressions, and was prolix, though explicit, in the de-
scription of his sentiments, the material abstract of which is here
given. The Duke of Richmond replied. He said his Lordship
had affirmed there was no want of men. In state calculations
want or plenty was always a comparative deduction. If the
numbers of your enemy were far greater than your own, you
might be said to want, though compared only with yourselves at
different periods, the number might be great. France possessed
24,000,000 of men ; Spain 6 or 7 5 and America 3,000,000.
Against these were to be opposed 8,000,000. This disparity
certainly constituted an amazing want. He said, he wished as

EARL OF CHATHAM. 59

much as any man for a connection with America on the most
honourable terms, but then it was always imprudent not to adopt
the best alternative j and therefore, if we could not conquer, let us
make the best friendship we could.

Lord Shelburne, in explanation, observed, that notwithstand-
ing the amazing disparity of numbers that had been suggested,
yet, wonderful as it was, their poor 8,000,000 had often coped
with this tremendous multitude his Grace had enumerated. He
was particularly warm and energetic in this replication, and cor-
roborated the arguments he had previously suggested, with pecu-
liar force and fire j but the subject for which the house was ad-
journed, was scarcely at all adverted to, so that without further
discussion, the question was put ; when there appeared against
the address fifty ; for it thirty-three.

The following protest was entered upon the journals of the
house against the negative put on the motion for an humble ad-
dress to his Majesty, made by .the Duke of Richmond, relative to
the state of the nation :

" Dissentient,
" Because we think the rejection of the proposed address at
this time, may appear to indicate in this house, a desire of con-
tinuing that plan of ignorance, concealment, deceit, and delusion,
by which the sovereign and his people have already been brought
into so many and so grievous calamities. We hold it absolutely
necessary that both sovereign and people should be undeceived,
and that they should distinctly and authentically be made ac-
quainted with the state of their affairs, which is faithfully repre-
sented in this proposed address, at a time when our existence as a
nation may depend upon our having a just idea of our real situa-
tion, and upon our wisdom in making a proper use of it.
Richmond, Portland,

Abergavenny, Effingham,

Thanet, Radnor,

Abingdon, Rockingham,

Harcourt, Stamford,

De Ferrars, Manchester,

Fitzwilliam, Ponsonby,

J. St. Asaph, Craven,

Devonshire, Spencer,

Bolton, Hereford."

This great patriot, orator, and politician, departed this life at

GO PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

his seat at Hayes in Kent, on May llth following, of which event
an account being brought to town by express, colonel Barre, the
same night, moved (in the house of commons) an humble address
to his Majesty, requesting that the remains of the late Earl of
Chatham might be buried at the public expense. He was
seconded by Mr. Thomas Townshend, and both these gentlemen
made pathetic speeches upon the occasion, which do honour to
their patriotic sentiments, to their feelings as men, and to their
gratitude as good subjects and citizens of the state. Mr. Rigby
could not avoid declaring his conviction of the great abilities of
Lord Chatham, and of the eminent services he had performed for
his country} but, with his usual art, he made an attempt to get
rid of the motion, by proposing another for a monument, as the
properest token of national respect for the deceased. Mr. Dun-
ning, perceiving his design, very judiciously observed, that the
two motions were compatible with each other, and therefore he
proposed an amendment, by adding, after the words interred,
<( and a monument erected at the public expense." Lord North,
who had left the house before this business commenced, returned,
and declared his opinion in favour of the amendment, which he
hoped would be carried unanimously. The question then being
put upon the amendment, it passed accordingly. The original
motion thus amended, was then put in the following words :
" That an humble address be presented to his Majesty, requesting
that he will be graciously pleased to give directions that the re-
mains of William Pitt, Earl of Chatham, be interred at the public
expense j and that a monument be erected in the collegiate church
of St. Peter, Westminster, to the memory of that great and excel-
lent statesman, with an inscription expressive of the sentiments
of the people on so great and irreparable a loss -y and to assure his
Majesty that this house will make good the expense attending
the same."

The next day the Earl of Shelburne moved, (in the house of
lords) that the house be summoned to attend the funeral of the
late Earl of Chatham. Lord Hillsborough opposed the motion,
not from any disrespect to the memory of the deceased, who had
been an ornament to that house, but because it was unprece-
dented, being an honour never conferred but on. the manes of
princes. The question being put, the motion was thrown out by
a majority of only one vote.

On May 1 3th, Lord North (in the house of commons) de-
livered a message from his Majesty, informing the house, that

EARL OF CHATHAM. 6l

proper directions should be given for Lord Chatham's funeral,
agreeable to their request.

Lord John Cavendish took this opportunity to remind the
house, that the immortal Chatham had signalized himself as much
by his disinterestedness, as by his zeal and abilities, the conse-
quence of which was, that he had made no provision for his
family, while he devoted his time and services to the public wel-
fare, and therefore hoped the gratitude of the house would be ex-
tended to his descendants. Lord North acknowledged the pro-
priety of the proposition} and declared he would support with plea-
sure, any motion that might be made in favour of the family.
Mr. Thomas Townshend then moved an address to his Majesty,
te that he would be graciously pleased to make such a lasting pro-
vision for the family of the late William Pitt, Earl of Chatham, as
his Majesty in his wisdom and liberality should think fit, as a
mark of the sense the nation entertains of the services done to
the kingdom by that able statesman 5 and to assure his Majesty
that the house would make good the same." Lord Nugent,
colonel Barre, Mr. Montague, and other gentlemen, supported
this motion, and enforced the propriety of a liberal settlement on
the family, by affectionate and pathetic declamations on the un-
rivalled abilities and merits of the departed statesman 5 after which
the motion passed unanimously.

On May 21st, the house in a committee appointed for that
purpose, Sir George Savile in the chair, took into consideration
his Majesty's answer to their address respecting a provision for
the family of the late Earl of Chatham, which answer had been
communicated to the house the day before, by Lord North, and
contained in substance, " that his Majesty had been graciously
pleased to grant to the present Earl and to the heirs of the body
of the late William Pitt, to whom the Earldom of Chatham may
descend, an annuity of 4000/. per ann. payable out of the civil
list revenue 3 but that his Majesty, not having it in his power to
extend the effect of this grant beyond the term of his own life,
recommended it to the house to consider of a proper method of
extending, securing, and annexing the same to the Earldom, &c."
Whereupon a motion was made by Mr. T. Townshend to come
to a resolution to grant the said annuity in perpetuity to the heirs
of the deceased Earl to whom that title should descend ; and this
resolution having passed unanimously, was reported to the house
and agreed to, and a bill ordered in accordingly, which passed

62 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

through both houses and received the royal assent in the course of
the following week." d

The sheriffs of London, on May 2 1st, presented to the house
of commons a petition from the corporation, suggesting an humble
wish that his Lordship's remains might be interred in the cathe-
dral of St. Paul's. The petition was remarkable for the decency
and elegance in which it was couched, and met with a general
approbation -, but, on account of the before-mentiond address, could
not be complied with.

A general wish to pay the last token of respect to the manes
of a most able and honest minister, seemed to prevail amongst all
orders of the people ; the delay in the preparations for the funeral
occasioned by several unavoidable incidents, served only to raise
the expectations of the public ; therefore as soon as it was known
that free admission would be allowed to see the body lie in state,
the concourse of people was astonishing. Only two days were
allotted for this melancholy spectacle, and as these were Whit-
sunday and Monday, great part of the populace, absorbed in the
usual amusements oi those days, lost the opportunity j and, owing
to the same circumstance, the crowd, though very great, was not
excessive the next d3y at the funeral.

The body lay in the painted chamber : the long gallery upon
this occasion was hung with black cloth, and illuminated with
common candles in black lackered sconces 5 the people were ad-

- On the third reading of the bill, in the house of peers, on June 2d, it
met with a small opposition, grounded upon the inconveniences of establish-
ing a precedent, and the want of economy at a crisis when the expenses of
the nation for public services at home and abroad required parsimony, and
great attention not to burthen the people by additional taxes. The Duke of
Richmond, the Earls Shelburne and Radnor, and the Lords Camden and
Lyttelton supported the bill, and in their speeches bestowed the greatest en-
comiums on the deceased Earl, particularly extolling his liberal, disinterested
ideas, which had prevented him, while in office, amassing such a princely for-
tune as is usually accumulated by prime ministers. It therefore became in-
cumbent on a grateful nation to provide for his descendants, who might be-
come hereditary possessors of a title conferred on their immortal ancestor for
his eminent services to the state ; and it was remarked, that there was but
little danger of establishing a precedent by this grant, since a second states-
man of equal abilities would hardly be found in a century j but if this country
should fortunately be blest with such another, a small portion of the public
revenue could not be more worthily employed than in making a proper recom-
pence to his heirs, for the sacrifice of health, fortune, and every private con-
sideration, to the good of his country. Upon putting the question, that this
bill do pass, the contents were \z ; non contents u.

EARL OF CHATHAM. 63

mitted through this gallery to the painted chamber, which was
likewise hung with black cloth, but decorated in a more sump-
tuous manner. On each side, and at the lower end of the room,
were double rows of small escutcheons of the arms of the deceased
Earl, blazoned on vellum ; and above and beneath them, rows of
wax lights in elegant sconces washed with silver. At the upper
end of the room was a lofty canopy of black cloth, carried up to
the ceiling; and in the centre of the front valance, was an Earl's
coronet properly blazoned ; about halfway down the tester cloth,
under the canopy, was a large achievement, with the family arms
also emblazoned, and illuminated by two elegant silvered giran-
doles.

The corpse was placed on a bier at a sufficient distance from
the canopy for persons to pas? round it. The outer coffin (not
exposed to view) was superb, being covered with black velvet,
and adorned with handles of tuttenag, (an Indian metal,) double
gilt j and on the plates into which the handles were set, Earl's
coronets engraved. The nails of the same metal were innumer-
able ; and the inscription plate, by which it appeared that the
Earl was born November 15th, 1708, and died on the 11th of
May, 1778> was elegantly wrought in silver gilt. Over his coffin,
as it lay in state, was a velvet pall, adorned with eight escutcheons
of the family arms ; the Earl's coronet was placed on a black
velvet cushion, sometimes on the corpse, at others on a stool at
the head. Five large silver chandeliers, with thick wax tapers,
placed on high stands, covered with black, enlightened each side,
and gave a distinct view of the persons, who officiated as repre-
sentatives of the chief mourners, and of the servants of the de-
ceased j and. finally, in different parts of the room were a number
of the undertaker's men, and some peace officers to regulate the
ingress and egress of the numerous spectators ; these were dressed
in black, and had white staves to distinguish them.

Early in the morning of Tuesday the pth of June, three hun-
dred of the foot guards were stationed within a temporary railing
erected from Westminster-hall, across New Palace-yard, through
part of Parliament-street, Bridge-street, King-street, and round
St. Margaret's churchyard, to the west door of the abbey. About
two o'clock in the afternoon, the procession began to move from
the painted chamber, and came out of Westminster-hall in the
following order.

64 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

The high constable of Westminster

in mourning with a black silk hat-band and scarf, which was the

dress of all the nobility and gentry, except the mourners.

Messenger to the college of arms,

with the insignia of his office.

Twelve men conductors in purple cloaks,

carrying black staves headed with Earl's coronets, two

and two.

Seventy poor men in cloaks, with badges of the

Crest of Pitt on their shoulders, and black staves in

their hands.

A pursuivant.

THE STANDARD.

Servants to such relations of the deceased as attended the

funeral, and servants to the deceased, in deep mourning,

but without cloaks.

Dr. Brocklesby,

Physician to the deceased.

The Rev. Dr. Fordyce and Mr. Wilson,

as chaplains.

Officers who attended the body when it lay in state, in

close mourning.

Gentlemen and Esquires, two and two, in mourning full dressed,

about fifty.

About twenty members of the House of Commons, amongst

whom was General Burgoyne.

A banner of the Barony of Chatham.

Lord Amherst, Knight of the Bath, wearing the ribbon, but not

the collar of his order, under his scarf.

The Dukes of Manchester and Northumberland.

The Marquis of Rockingham,

Knight of the Garter, wearing his ribbon under his scarf,

and the garter on his leg, but no collar.

A pursuivant.

THE GREAT BANNER, •

borne by Colonel Barre.

The helmet and crest by a herald.

The sword and target by another.

The surcoat covered up in black cloth by another.

The coronet, on a black velvet cushion, by a king at arms.

between gentlemen ushers, with "black batons.

EARL OF CHATHAM. 65

THE BODY,

as it lay in state.
with the addition of a black velvet canopy borne

§ over it.

§ g J The Pall supported by Sir George Saville, g £§

3;§5 Edmund Burke, Esq. j John Dunning, Esq. -, and g«s

C/2

F S, The Rt. Hon. Thomas Townshend.

£■ Garter, King at Arms,

between a Gentleman Usher and the Black Rod.

Chief mourner,

Supporter. The Hon. Wm. Pitt, Supporter.

Lord Mahon, sou-in- . . , , T. Pitt, Esq. nephew

^aw to the deceased, second son to the deceased. to the deceased.

ASSISTANT MOURNERS.

All^vitlijheirJbLair jdishey elled .

The Earls of Shelburne, Effingham, Radnor, Abingdon,

Harcourt, Cholmondeley, and Ferrers. Viscounts,

Lord Townshend. Barons, Lord Camden.

Banner of the crest of Pitt.

Lord Mountmorres, Sir Watkyn William Wynne,

The Hon. George and James Grenville, jEsqrs.

All relations of the deceased.

A banner, representing Britannia weeping, and bearing in a shield,

the arms of the deceased.

Servants to close the procession.

His Lordship's body was interred in the north cross of the
abbey, opposite the Duke of Newcastle's monument.

It may be worth while to insert the following summary cha-
racter of him.

He first was a cornet of horse, " which, with a small annuity
from his family, was his only provision, till he obtained a legacy
of 10,000 /. from the Duchess of Marlborough. From family con-
nection, and early habits, he formed a strict intimacy with his
school-fellows, Lyttelton, and the Grenvilles j attached himself to
Lord Cobham j and became a partizan of Leicester-house. In
1736, he came into parliament for Old Sarum; and instantly
commenced his opposition to Sir Robert Walpole. His bitter in-
vectives drew on him the resentment of the minister -, and he
was deprived of his cornetcy $ but was recompensed by his own
party, with the appointment of groom of the bed-chamber, to the
Prince of Wales." e In 1746, he was made joint vice treasurer of

e Coxe.
VOL. V. F

6(5 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

Ireland, and afterwards, treasurer and paymaster of the army. On
December 4th, 1756, after many disappointments, he was, on the
change of administration, which took place by the resignation of
the Duke of Newcastle, made secretary of state, in the room of
Henry Fox, which post he held, except an interval of a few weeks,
in 1757, till October 5th, 1761, not only to his own honour, but
to the lasting benefit of the nation $ which he raised at once, by
his bold and energetic genius, from a point of depression, to a
pitch of unexampled glory. On his resignation of the seals, hij wife
was created Baroness Chatham ; and he had himself a giant
of an annuity of 3000/. a year, during his own life, and those of
Lady Chatham, and his eldest son John, now Earl of Chatham.
In 1766, the Rockingham administration being found incapable,
either from want of strength or talent, to manage the helm, Mr.
Pitt was called to form a new ministry j of which the Duke of
Grafton was put at the head, while Mr. Pitt was created Viscount
Pitt, and Earl of Chatham, on July 30th, and took the office of
lord privy-seal, which he held till November 2d, 1768. The ac-
ceptance of a peerage lost him much of his popularity, which he
never totally recovered 5 an effect, which does not seem founded
in reason. His death, on May 11th, 1778, the consequence of
his eloquent efforts in the house of lords against conceding the in-
dependence of America, a few weeks before, is known to all the
world. It has been well remarked, that u Lord Chatham was a
man of an elegant, an ardent, and an exalted understanding. He
took no delight in that minuteness of detail, which occupies the
mind without enlarging it. He was not a man of much various,
and general knowledge $ but the powers of his mind, lik& the soul
of the Dervise, in the (f Arabian Nights Entertainments," seem
to have been entirely under the command of his will $ he could
throw them into whatever subject it was necessary they should
embrace." f Coxe observes, that •* his speeches were not so re-
markable for methodical arrangement and logical precision, as for
boldness of language, grandeur of sentiment, and the graces of
metaphorical and classical allusion." " His invectives," says
Lord Chesterfield, ** were terrible ; and uttered with such energy
of diction, and stern dignity of action and countenance, that he
intimidated those, who were the most willing, and the least able
to encounter them. Their arms fell out of their hands 3 and they
shrunk under the ascendant of his sublime genius."

f Seward.

EARL OF CHATHAM. 67

On Mr. Pitt's resignation, 1761, Dr. Bisset observes; " had
this extraordinary statesman condescended to employ a softer and
more conciliating mode of conduct, he might perhaps have won
over a majority of his colleagues to his opinion; but the experi-
ment was not tried. Being outvoted in the council, he resigned
his employment into the hands of his sovereign. His Majesty de-
clared his concern for the loss of so very able a servant ; but with-
out requesting him to resume his office. He offered him any re-
ward in the power of the crown to bestow; at the same time he
expressed himself satisfied with the opinion of the majority of his
council ; and even declared, that, had the council concurred with
Mr. Pitt, he should have found it difficult how to act in the light
in which he viewed the subject. The King did not conceive Spain
to have exhibited any clear proofs of hostile intentions ; and en-
tertaining such a view, he could neither think it just nor prudent
to commence a war. Having therefore with the greatest conde-
scension explained his sentiments, (sentiments, that, in the light
in which he regarded the matters in question, do him the greatest
honour) Mr. Pitt was extremely affected by the united dignity
and goodness of his sovereign. The following day, a pension of
3000/. a year was settled on Mr. Pitt for three lives, and at the
same time a title upon his lady and her issue. This pension sub-
jected the acceptor to much frivolous and contemptible obloquy _
Mr. Pitt's original fortune was small ; the situation into which he
had been advanced by his abilities, required great expenditure ;
his powerful mind engaging him in momentous politics, and
grasping the interest of his country and other nations, he had
bestowed too little attention on his own pecuniary affairs, so that
he Was very far from being in affluent circumstances : he had
during a most arduous conjuncture, served his country in the
highest stations which he could occupy; and having found her in
a state of unexampled humiliation, he left her in a state of unex-
ampled exaltation. Such a man deserved reward. All the ribald-
rous invectives poured out against his acceptance of this annuity
may be answered in a few words; as a supply it was wanted $ as
a recompence it was fairly earned.

u Mr. Pitt's resignation of an employment in wnich his conti-
nuance would have promoted the most momentous interests of his
country, cannot easily be justified. From his wisdom, his country
might have expected that he would have overlooked an opposi-
tion of opinion in a case which very fairly admitted of two con-
structions, though he was eventually proved to be right ; that his

58 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

patriotism would have induced him to have employed his talents
even though every particular measure adopted might not be
agreeable to his views ; and that his magnanimity would over-
look what he might suppose personal competitions. But whatever
sentiments were entertained respecting Mr. Pitt's going out
of office, every impartial man agreed, that a greater minister had
never acted under a sovereign of England. Lofty in genius, pro-
found in wisdom, and expansive in views ; inventive in counsel,
bold in resolution, and decisive in conduct, he long overbore party
by unequalled ability. Sagacious in the discovery of general and
official character, he discerned the fittest instruments for the ex-
ecution of his plans j and employing none in offices of high poli-
tical, naval, or military trust, but those whom he knew to be
thoroughly qualified for effecting the purpose, he laid a sure
foundation for success. The enterprizes under his administration
were brilliant ; and the result was at once advantageous and glo-
rious. A mind of such force of intellectual and moral qualities,
energy of operation, and perseverance of exertion, which had in
its powers and endowments no motives for artifice or disguise,
perhaps bestowed too little care to conceal from others that supe-
riority, which it so transcendently possessed. A little more in-
dulgence for common understandings, and somewhat less of aus -
terity of temper and of inflexibility of disposition, might have
preserved this illustrious man to the councils of his country, &

Dr. Bisset gives the following account of Lord Chatham's
death.

" His Lordship had that session frequently attended the house
of peers,- less from the relaxation of distemper, than from the
calls of duty, which the increasing calamities of his country made
him consider every day more imperious. In a bodily state fitted
only for the stillness and quiet of a bed of sickness, he encountered
the active warfare of the senate, hoping his counsels might at
length be admitted by those who were experiencing such evils
from former rejection, and intractability, and that, in his old age,
he might contribute to restore part of the prosperity, greatness
and glory, which he had acquired for his country in the vigour of
his life, and which left her when he ceased to guide her affairs.
His exertion, in the former part of the session, so much beyond
his bodily strength, had increased his distemper -, but, informed
of the business that was to be agitated, and aware of the doctrines

e Bisset's reign of Geo. III. vol. i. p. 300— -302

EARL OF CHATHAM. - 63

which would be brought forward, he though it incumbent on
himself to render it manifest to the world, that though he agreed
with the Marquis of Rockingham and his adherents in reprobat-
ing the system of ministry, he totally differed from them on the
question of American independence. He accordingly betook him-
self to the senate, of which, for near half a century, he had been
the brightest luminary. Having arrived in the house, he refreshed
himself in the lord chancellor's room, until he learned thai busi-
ness was about to begin. The infirm statesman was led into the
house of peers, attended by his son-in-law, Lord Mahon, and rest-
ing on the arm of bis second son Mr. William Pitt. He was
richly dressed in a superb suit of black velvet, with a full wig,
and covered up to the knees in flannel. He was pale and ema-
ciated, but the darting quickness, force, and animation of his eyes,
and the expression of his whole countenance, shewed that his
mind retained its primeval perspicacity, brilliancy, and strength.
The lords stood up, and made a lane for him to pass through to
the bench of the Earls, and with the gracefulness of deportment
for which he was so eminently distinguished, he bowed to them
as he proceeded. Having taken his seat, he listened with the mo§t
profound attention to the speech of the Duke of Richmond.
When his Grace had finished, Lord Chatham rose ; he lamented
that at so important a crisis, his bodily infirmities had interfered
so often with his regular attendance on his duty in parliament.
" I have this day (said he) made an effort beyond the powers of
my constitution, to come down to the house, perhaps the last
time I shall enter its wails, to express my indignation against the
proposition of yielding the sovereignty of America. My lords, I
rejoice that the grave has not closed upon me, that I am still alive
to lift up my voice against the dismemberment of this ancient
and noble monarchy. Pressed down as I am by the load of in-
firmity, I am little able, to assist my country in this most perilous
conjuncture} but, my lords, while I have sense and memory, I
never will consent to tarnish the lustre of this nation by an igno-
minious surrender of its rights and fairest possessions. Shall a
people so lately the terror of the world, now fall prostrate before
the house of Bourbon ? It is impossible. I am not, I confess,
well informed of the resources of this kingdom y but I trust it has
still sufficient to maintain its just rights, though I know them
not 5 and any state, my lords, is better than despair. Let us at
least make one effort 5 and, if we must fall, let us fall like
men,."

70 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

" The Duke of Richmond declared his grief and horror at the
dismemberment of the empire to be as great as that of any man
in the house or nation, but how was it to be avoided ? he himself
was totally ignorant of the means of resisting with success the
combination of America with France and Spain. He did not
know how to preserve the dependence of America.' If any person
could prevent such an evil, Lord Chatham was the man 5 but
■what were the means that great statesman would propose. Lord
Chatham, agitated by this appeal, made an eager effort at its con-
clusion to rise j but before he could utter a word, pressing his
hand to his heart, he fell down in a convulsive fit. The Duke of
Cumberland and Lord Temple, who were nearest him, caught
him in their arms. The house was immediately in commotion,
strangers were ordered to depart, and the house was adjourned.
Lord Chatham being carried into an adjoining apartment, medical
assistance soon arrived. Recovering in some degree, he was con-
veyed in a litter to his villa at Hayes in Kent, where he lingered
till the nth of May, when he breathed his last, in the seventieth
year of his age.

" Thus died William Pitt, Earl of Chatham j his death being
hastened by his efforts to save his country, whose interest and
glory it had been the business of his life to promote. Many as
are the examples of uncommon ability which English history pre-
sents, she has none to record more brilliant, more forcible, or more
beneficial to the time in which it operated. Surpassing other
senators in glowing, energetic, and commanding eloquence, he
still farther exceeded them in political wisdom j astonishing par-
liament as an orator, he astonished the nation and all mankind as
a statesman. Rarely have been united in the same person, such
powers of thought, and speech, and action. Grasping the principles,
circumstances, and relations to be considered and discussed, he
instantaneously perceived the arguments to be adduced in delibe-
ration, or the means to be employed in conduct. Sagacious to
discover, rapid and powerful to invent and combine, luminous
and strong to explain and impress, he was decisive and prompt in
execution. He not only discerned and chose effectual means, but
applied them at the instant of time which was most favourable to
their efficacy. Thoroughly master of the human character, he
perfectly comprehended the general and peculiar talents and qua-
lities of all, with whom either accident, inclination, or duty in-
duced him to converse. Hence he selected the fittest instru-
ments for executing, in the manifold departments of public service^

EARL OF CHATHAM. 71

his wise, bold, and sublime plans. Not his intellectual power*
only, but the estimation resulting from these, in union with his
moral conduct, gave to Mr. Pitt an authority far transcending
that of other ministers : inaccessible to avarice, unseduced by
pleasure and luxury, the abstinence of his dispositions, and the
temperance of his habits, confirmed that confidence, which his
wisdom and magnanimity created. Destined for the army, he did
not receive an academic education. The groundwork of erudition
was indeed laid in classical knowledge 5 h but the superstructure
was left to himself. His studies were ethics, poetry, eloquence,
history, and politics ; especially the history and politics of his
country. Thus he was, in a great measure, self-taught. His
genius, though extraordinary in force and fertility, and enriched
with ample materials, not being disciplined in proportion to its
capacity and knowledge, did not habitually exert itself in close
deduction j * but, for grandeur of conception and comprehensive-
ness of views, force of reasoning, depth of conclusion, and sagacity
of prediction ; strength and sublimity of imagery, appositeness of
allusion ; for pathetic in every kind a variety j for wielding at
will the judgment, fancies, and passions of his hearers, William
Pitt stood unrivalled. But his wisdom, magnanimity, and energy,
are most clearly beheld in their effects. At the beginning of the
seven years war, the nation, perceiving their country neglected by
ministers, her army discomfited and inglorious, and her spirits
drooping and desponding, called on Mr. Pitt for relief. Unsup-
ported by court-interest, obnoxious to the confederacy which had
long prevailed, his genius overpowered intrigue. Fie came to the
highest office, when none by holding it could save the state.
Having risen exclusively by ability himself, his chief object was

h « At Eaton, where he was the cotemporary and friend of Lyttelton and
Fielding "

> •« Reasoning does not merely depend upon power, but on power confirmed
and facilitated by habit. Every able man is not necessarily an habitual logi-
cian ; nor is every age and country which exhibits works of great ability, ne-
cessarily eminent for ratiocinative efforts. In the reign of George the Second,
close argument was not the principal characteristic of our senatorial oratory ;
brilliant and powerful images to charm the fancy, pathetic descriptions and
exhibitions to impress the feelings, aided by graceful elocution and delivery
to strike the senses, were much more prominent in the most approved models,
than an unbroken chain of antecedents and consequences merely conducting
truth to the understanding. Thus the state of the senate encouraged that
mode of eloquence, which the early studies and pursuits of Mr. Pitt tended
to bestow."

72 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND,

to bring every kind of ability into action which could be bene-
ficial to the country *, disdaining to govern by parties, he absorbed
them all into his own vortex. From torpidity, weak defeat, dis-
grace, and dejection, he changed the condition of the nation to
ardour, strength, victory, glory, and triumph. Nor did Britain
by her affection, gratitude^ and admiration, or Europe by her as-
tonishment, bear stronger testimonies of- his exalted merit, than
France by her hatred and terror for the name of Pitt. As Britain
flourished while this statesman conducted her councils, from the
time his direction ceased, her decline commenced ; but, as he had
caused her elevation by his own wisdom and vigour, he endea-
voured to prevent her downfall through the rashness, folly, and
weakness of others. From the rise of this innovating system of
colonial policy, he perceived its tendency j and foresaw and fore-
told its effects. He tried to avert the evil, but his attempts were
vain : a feeble body, a constitution debilitated by intense appli-
cation, and labouring under a grievous malady, obstructed his re-
gular attendance in parliament, to deprecate pernicious measures;
but, when he did appear, his speeches deserved record as the em-
phatic . dictates of prophesying wisdom. Nature arrayed tran-
scendency of genius, and grandeur of soul, in pleasing and striking
colours, and bestowed on this favourite son, an animated and ex-
pressive countenance, a tall and graceful figure, with a dignified
mien and deportment.

ff This statesman possessed ambition in common with other
great minds that are engaged in active life. If, however, he loved
power, it was neither to enrich himself nor his friends, but to ag-
grandize his country and humble her enemies. A more appro-
priate feature in his character, was contempt for tame mediocrity.
He perhaps too much disdained that dexterity and address, which*
though easily attained, and no indication of superior talents, often
smooth the road for the execution of wise and beneficial plans :
such a man must have seen the inferiority of his colleagues ; but
it was not necessary to his political purposes to make them feel
that inferiority. His unbending resolution is an object of regret
to patriots, as it produced his resignation, when his services were
so essential to his country. In the various relations of private
life, Lord Chatham was amiable and estimable. He married a
lady, whose talents and character rendered her worthy of such a
husband; whose conversation solaced his mind in hours of infir-
mity and pain, and whose views coincided, and efforts co-operated*
with his own, in the tuition of their several children. Few and

EARL OF CHATHAM. 73

trivial were the blemishes, which merely shewed that this extra-
ordinary man was not exempted from the imperfections of huma-
nity ; but the historian who desires to narrate the truth, must
endeavour to hand down to posterity William Pitt, Earl of Chat-
ham, as one of the chief glories of England.

" When the intelligence of Lord Chatham's death arrived,
the house of Commons being sitting, colonel Barre, in a concise
but just eulogium, expressed the obligation of the country to the
deceased statesman, and moved an address to his Majesty, for di-
rections that his remains should be interred at the public expense :
the motion received general approbation. A monument was also
proposed, and unanimously resolved to be erected in Westminster
Abbey. The following day it was stated to the house, that the
illustrious object of their veneration, highly as he had" benefited
the nation, had been by no means equally attentive to his own
private fortune -3 and that, notwithstanding his opportunities, he
had left his family destitute of all suitable provision. An address
was proposed and voted to his Majesty, by which an annuity of
4000/. per ann. was settled for ever on those heirs of the late Earl
of Chatham, to whom the Earldom might descend, and 20,000/.
were granted for the payment of his debts."

On October l6'th, 1754, his Lordship married Hester, only
daughter of Richard Grenville, Esq. (by his wife Hester Countess
Temple) and sister to the late Earl Temple t and by her Ladyship,
who was Baroness Chatham by creation, on December 4th, \jQl,
left issue three sons.

First, John, the present Earl.

Second, William, born May 28th, 1 75Q.

Third, James Charles, born April 24th, 1761 ; captain of his
Majesty's sloop Hornet, died in December 1780, at Barbadoes.

Also two daughters -, Lady Hester, born October 19th, 1755,
and married, by a special licence, at Hayes in Kent, on December
19th, 1774, to Charles Viscount Mahon, now Earl Stanhope, and
died July 20th, 178O, at Chcvering in Kent 5 and Lady Harriot,
born April 15th, 1758, married September 28th, 1785, the Hon.
Edward James Eliot, eldest son of the first Lord Eliot, who died
v. p. She died September 24 th, 1780, leaving a daughter Harriet,
since married to lieutenant-colonel Pringle.

William, second son, became one of the most eminent states*
men that this country ever produced. The following sketch has
been given of him.

" He was born May 28th, 1759 j came into parliament as soon
as he was of age, in 1780 5 and, in July, 1782, was made Lord

74 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

Shelburne's chancellor of the Exchequer, when only twenty-three
years old. In December 1783, he overthrew the whole phalanx
of age, power, rank, and talent, and became at once prime mi-
nister, in which office he continued, through peace and war, pros-
perity and adversity, while worlds were convulsed around him,—
the deepest statesman, the most effective orator, and the most un-
daunted minister, this country, or perhaps any other, ever experi-
enced. Considering money, honours, and every worldly posses'
sion, except that of virtuous power, as dirt ; he proceeded in his
mighty course, unseduced by any of the allurements, which
weaken other minds, the prop of his country j the bulwark of
her constitution j the enlightened extender of her commerce ; the
inventor of her resources j the director of her thunders; till the
fatal hour, at which he quitted the helm, in March, 180] . From
that melancholy epoch, his country's glories have declined j the
universal oppressor has extended his rapacious grasp, so as to appal
the stoutest minds j the peace of Amiens has laid all prostrate
before him j and even he, who so long had opposed him, found
his difficulties so alarmingly increased on his return to power, in
July, 1804, as almost to overwhelm his gallant spirit with despair.
Perhaps, however, had this firm and enlightened minister been
permitted to remain a little longer on earth, he might, in due
time, have rallied the powers of the continent; and have again
put the affairs of Britain into their course of former vigour ; but
his health, which had begun to give way, since his late secession,
yielded, at once, to the fatal news of the battle of Austerlitz, in
the autumn of 1805, and, after a few weeks, he died, almost of a
broken heart, in January 1806, aet. forty-seven. The nation, all
but a vile, -despicable, and malignant party, felt, as they ought,
his irreparable loss; but, deeply as they mourned him, they did
not even then know the extent of the deprivation. It has since
appeared, as if it was his spirit which had animated the whole
public body j which gave them union j which directed and con-
trolled their talents, which inspired their sentiments, and pointed
their speeches. For, since his decease, every thing has fallen into
confusion ; those who appeared eloquent before, are become dull,
confused, and vapid j those who appeared firm and patriotic, seem
to veer like a weathercock, and to preserve consistency in nothing,
but their struggle for places 3 anti-jacobins become democratic,
and the alarmed advocates of the dangers of Europe, and of the
necessity of union of hands and hearts, become the partizans of
faction and division! It was Mr. Pitt's predominant genius, then,
»dnch inspired Lord Grenville with patriotism and public virtue j

EARL OF CHATHAM. 75

which endowed Windham with enlightened discretion ; and elec-
trified Lords Spencer and Fitzwilliam to sacrifice party cabals to
the love of their country, in the hour of danger and dismay. The
presiding spirit is gone, and all are fallen back to their natural
propensities. Mr. Pitt was not, in truth, an aristocrat : he had
too little regard for it : the aristocrats, therefore, hated him. But,
in this awful crisis of unexampled gloom, will men be base enough
to occupy their little minds about regard to the petty dignity of
their own stations ?" k

The following is Dr. Bisset's character of this illustrious states-
man.

" From the time of Cecil, except Sir Robert Walpole, none
was so long prime minister of England as Mr. Pitt, and without
excepting any statesman, none had to encounter such arduous
and trying situations. To direct the counsels of a great nation in
difficult circumstances, requires chiefly patriotic intention, wise
deliberation, and energetic execution j all fortified by a magna-
nimity, which will be deterred by no paltry, or ignoble motives
from beneficial pursuits, plans, and conduct. That William Pitt
possesses transcendent talents, none of his most virulent oppo-
nents, who have any talents themselves, will venture to deny j
but it is on the exercise of his powers, and the co-operation of his
moral qualities, that the ministerial character of the statesman
rests. To an understanding which unites extraordinary sagacity,
force^and compass, to comprehend the situation of affairs in all
their bearings and circumstances, to see what objects ought to be
pursued, he unites that combination of invention and discernment
which readily discover and estimate opposite means, with an un-
yielding firmness, that will act according to his own judgment
and choice : his mind is in a high degree endowed with self-pos-
session : he is neither to be impelled to speak or to act in any
other way than he thinks suitable to the occasion j and perhaps
there never was a minister, who, in all the contentions of debate,
and the irritation of invective, so completely retained the com-
mand of his own powers and passions : neither the poignancy of
a Sheridan, nor the strength of a Fox, could move him from the
spot on which he resolved to stand. The integrity of William
Pitt the second, as of William Pitt the first, was unimpeached :
after seventeen years, he retired from office with an annuity
of scarcely five thousand pounds j an infinitely less provision than
his talents might have secured by the exercise of his original pro-

k This character was written in 1807, and applies to that epoch.

76 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

fession : but to such a mind, money must be a very secondary
object : a passion much more appropriate than avarice to superior
minds, is ambition. Mr. Pitt, at a very early age, sought power,
and acquired it by the fame of his personal qualities j how he em-
ployed it may be best seen from results. When he became mi-
nister, he found the country in a very exhausted state, he readily
perceived that the extension of commerce, improvement of finance,
and promotion of public credit, were objects of the most urgent
and immediate concern : justly concluding that peace was much
more favourable to trade and revenue than war, he set out as the
votary of a pacific policy. During many years of his administra-
tion, commerce, finance, and credit> were extremely flourishing :
his scheme for paying off the national debt, was very effectual
during the continuance of peace, and diminished the burdens of
war. His principles of foreign policy were those which his ablest
predecessors had adopted; that the interposition of Britain in the
affairs of the continent is expedient, so far as it tends to preserve
the balance of power, for the security of Britain, and the indepen-
dence of Europe : the application of this principle to Holland, was
by all approved : in the case of the imperial confederacy, the
vigour and energy of Pitt repressed, and in a great measure dis-
solved, a combination that was extremely dangerous to neighbour-
ing states. No part of his policy was more discriminately wise
than his conduct in the first years of the French revolution ; he
carefully avoided not only interposition, but even the expression
of an opinion concerning the new system and doctrines, while
they did not disturb this country. Even when they became pre-
valent here, while he aduptcd the most effectual precautions for
preventing their pernicious operation in Britain, he carefully for-
bore any allusion to their consequences in France : he and his co-
adjutors observed the strictest neutrality between the internal
parties of France, and the contending powers of France and of
Germany. In the war, on a fair view of the evidence on both
sides, there now remains little doubt that the French were the ag-
gressors j but on the broad question of expediency, the possibility
and prudence of avoiding a war, there still exists a great diversity
of opinion, which must influence the estimate of the administra-
tion from that time. On the supposition that war was unavoidable,
its conduct becomes the test for appreciating Mr. Pitt's talents,
as a war minister ; and here we must again refer to the results ;
where Britain acted in confederacy with other powers, she and
they failed in most of the objects, which they sought : going to

EARL OF CHATHAM. 77

war to defend Holland, to prevent the aggrandisement of France 5
we suffered Holland to become a province, and France to acquire
a power unprecedented in the annals of modern Europe : but
where Britain fought alone, and where the counsels of her mi-
misters, as well as the efforts of her champions could fully operate,
tdie was uniformly victorious : if, therefore, war was necessary,
as far as Mr. Pitt's talents could operate, it was successful : his
plans animating the spirit, invigorating the energy, and pro-
moting the resources of the country, were unquestionably efficient.
During his belligerent administration, Britain was instigated to
efforts, which she had never before exhibited. After a contest
which reduced the other contending nations to be dependents on
France, Britain alone preserved her power and importance. One
of the most alarming evils with which Mr. Pitt had to contend,
was intestine disaffection, arising from the contagion of revolu-
tionary principles : the means which were employed to repress
such agitators, were in Britain completely successful, and sedition
was restrained before it ripened into treason. Jn vigorously pur-
suing an object right within certain bounds, it is extremely dif-
ficult not to overstep the limits. The extravagant projects of the
corresponding societies required vigilance and counteraction, but
it appeared that both ministers and parliament misapprehended
the case in supposing such machinations to be treason by the
English law : to prohibit the daily utterance of inflammatory lec-
tures, was certainly necessary in the state of the popular mind :/
but the laws for imposing the restrictions probably outwent the
professed purpose. The watchfulness of government respecting
Ireland, brought to a premature explosion the rebellion, that might
have proved tremendous had it been allowed time to be fully
charged. Not satisfied with efficacious remedy to existing evil,
Mr. Pitt extended his policy to preventives, and endeavoured by
union to identify the sentiments as well as the interest of the Irish
and British. The union between Britain and Ireland, one of the
most momentous measures of Mr. Pitt, even as present effects,
will probably, in future ages, be much more distinguished, when
the consequences of British and Irish connection are experi-
mentally ascertained, as are now the consequences of English and
Scottish.

(< Persons who deny the necessity or prudence of the war, may
probably little value the abilities which it has called forth ; and if
they give credit to Mr. Pitt for genius and energy, may deny him
wisdom, and assert, that for the last eight years his great powers

78 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

were employed in remedying evils, which he might have before
prevented : this, however, is a mere matter of opinion, that re-
solves itself into the original expediency of the war, combined
with the opportunities of afterwards making peace. It is less the
province of the historian to obtrude upon his readers his own judg-
ment, than to furnish to them facts on which to ground theirs :
without therefore presuming to solve so very contested a question,
I cannot help declaring my thorough conviction, founded on an
impartial and accurate view of his whole conduct, that Mr. Pitt,
in advising the commencement of the war, and at various stages
of its continuance, acted conscientiously, and according to the best
of his judgment j and sought the benefit of his King and country,
whose affairs he so long administered. Whether unbiassed pos-
terity shall regard the war of 1793 as a necessary or unnecessary
measure, peace in 179<5 and in 1800 as attainable or not attainable,
they must account Mr. Pitt, in the whole series of his adminis-
tration, a statesman of great ability and strength of mind, who
rendered momentous services to his country j and must allow,
that never was the force of the British character tried by such
dangers, or graced by more splendid achievements, than under the
administration of William Pitt."

On the death of the great Earl of Chatham, the dignity went
to his eldest son, John, second and present Earl.

His Lordship was born September 10th, 175$, and was brought
up in the army, in which he served during the American war j
and is now a lieutenant-general, and colonel of the fourth regi-
ment of foot. In 1788, he was made first lord of the admiralty,
in which office he continued till December 1794. In 1796, he
was made president of the council, which he held till 1801, when
he was appointed master-general of the ordnance, which he held
till February 1806. He married, in 1783, Mary Elizabeth,
daughter of Thomas, late Viscount Sydney, but has no issue. His
Lordship was re-appointed master general of the ordnance, in
1807.

Titles. John Pitt, Earl of Chatham, and Viscount Pitt.

Creations. Viscount Pitt, of Burton Pynsent, in the county
of Somerset, and Earl of Chatham, in the county of Kent, July
30th, 1766, 6 Geo. III.

Arms, Sable, a fess cheque, Or, and Azure, between three
Bezants.

Crest. On a wreath, a €rane close, proper, beaked, and

EARL OF CHATHAM. 79

membered, Or, holding his dexter foot upon an anchor, erect, Or j
which crest was assigned to William, the first Earl of Chatham,
and his descendants lawfully begotten, by grant dated October
24 th, J 761.

Supporters. On the dexter side, a lion guardant, charged on
the breast with an acorn, slipt and leaved, proper j on the sinister,
a buck, proper, attired, Or -y plain, collared, and chained, Sable.

Motto. Benigno numine.

Chief Seats

80 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

BATHURST, EARL BATHURST.

Lawrence a Bathurst, citizen of Canterbury, in the reign of
King Henry VI. held lands there, and at Cranbrooke in Kent, b
and had lands in Staplehurst in Kent, and left issue three sons.

First, Edward, ancestor to the Earls Bathurst.

Second, Robert, of Horsmanden in Kent; and,

Third, John, who had lands in Staplehurst, by gift of his
father ; ancestor to those of Odiham and Crundal in Hants.

Robert, of Horsmonden, second son, had issue by his first
wife, a daughter of William Saunders, two sons; first, John;
and second, Paul, of Bathurst-street, in Nordiam, Sussex, who in
right of his wife Elizabeth, daughter and coheir of Edward Hor-
den, of Horden and Finchcocks in Kent,/ clerk of the board of

a This family was originally seated in Sussex, at a place called Bathurst,
not far from Battle abbey, of which they were dispossessed, and the castle
demolished, in the troublesome times of the dispute between the houses of
York and Lancaster ; and nothing now remains but a wood, called Bathurst
wood, where may be found some of the ruins-

b According to Hasted, they were clothiers. " The occupation of clothier.?'
says he, " was of considerable consequence in those times, and was exer-
cised by persons, who possessed most of the landed property in the Weald,
insomuch that almost all the ancient families of these parts, now of large
estates, and genteel rank in life, and some of them ennobled by titles, are
sprung from, and owe their fortunes to ancestors, who have used this great
staple manufacture, now almost unknown here. Among others, the Bathursts,
Ongleys, Courthopes, Maplesdons, Gibbons, Westons, Plumers, Austens,
Dunkes, and Stringers- They were usually called from their dress, The Grey
Coats of 'Kent ', and were a body so numerous and united, that at county elec-
tions whoever had their votes and interest, was almost certain of being elect-
ed." Hasted, vol. iii. p. 48.

EARL BATHURST. 81

Green Cloth to King Edward VI. Queen Mary, and Queen Eli-
sabeth, enjoyed the manor of Finchcocks, in the parish of Goud-
hurst, which descended to Edward, his eldest son and heir,c who
d left issue four sons; 1. Thomas Bathurst, of Finchcocks, Esq.
who died young j 2. Edward Bathurst, of Finchcocks, Esq.e
gentleman harbinger to King, Charles I. ; 3. "William Bathurst,
merchant and alderman of London, whose son, Sir Henry Ba-
thurst, Knt. of Edmonton, in Middlesex, married Catharine,
daughter to Sir Thomas Wolstenholme, Bart, and had no issue j
but left a sole sister and heir, Katherine, who married John Ent,
Esq. third son of Sir George Ent, the celebrated Physician, but
left no issue jf and, 4. Richard Bathurst, a clergyman, who left
only a daughter. The rest were all married, and left issue.

John Bathurst, elder brother to Paul Bathurst, was of Hors-
monden, in Kent, and left issue, by Mary his wife, daughter of
Edward Dodge, of Wrotham, in Kent (who, surviving her hus-
band, John Bathurst, was afterwards married to Francis Champ-
neys, Esq.); Robert, his son and heir, who purchased the manor
and town of Lechlade, in Gloucestershire, in the 4th year of King

c Richard, second son,was.Avenor to the King, and left issue j and Thomas,
third son, died without issue.

d His wife was Natharetha, sister of Sir Edward Leveson, of Haling, Knt.

e He died in 1657, having had by Matilda his wife, daughter of John Hooper,
of Stockbury, Esq. eight sons, and two daughters ; of whom there survived,
1. Edward, 3,. John, who died in 1726, without issue. 3. Thomas. 4. Wil-
liam. $. Charles. 6. Richard. 7. Elizabeth, who died unmarried in 171 1.
And, 8. Frances. Edward, eldest son, was of Finchcocks, Esq. and married Ju-
dith, daughter of Robert Oliver, of Leyborne, by whom he had no issue. He
died on June 9th, 1690, aet. 52 ; and passing by his next brother, John, who had
displeased him, devised Finchcocks, with the estate belonging to it, to his bro-
ther, Thomas Bathurst, Esq. who, as well as all the rest of his brothers and sisters,
except William, died unmarried. He devised this estate to his brother Edward,
only son of his younger brother, William Bathurst, of Wilmington, by Anne his
wife, widow of Lancelot Bathurst, of Franks, Esq. This Edward rebuilt his seat at
Finchcocks, at a great expence, in a very costly manner; and died August 1st,
1772, aet. 92* having been twice married, and had several children by each of
his wives. His first wife was Elizabeth, third daughter and coheir of Stephen
Stringer, of Triggs, in Goudhurst, Esq. who died in 17 15, set. 30 j and by
whom he had Edward, John, and Thomas j the former and latter of whom were
Fellows of All Souls College, Oxford ; and the latter, Rector of Welwyn, in
Hertfordshire. The former left only a daughter, Dorothy. By his second wife,
Edward the father, had Charles and Richard, &c. To Charles he alienated his
seat at Fitchcocks, and he dying 1767, without issue, devised it to his brother,
the Rev. Richard Bathurst. Hasted's Kent, III. 35.

f Brydg'es's Memoirs of King James's Peers. Postscript, LfX*.
VOL. V. G

$2 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

James 1.8 He first married Bennetta, daughter of Roger Twis-
den, of Roydon Hall, in Kent, Esq. but having no issue by her,
he took to his second wife, Elizabeth, daughter and heir of Robert
Waller, Esq. widow of Sir John Lawrence, Knt. Lord Mayor of
London, by whom be had two daughters, Mary, and Elizabeth,
who both died unmarried; and two sons, Robert, who died in
his minority; and Edward, who was born A.D. If3l5, and created
a Baronet, on December 4th, 1643 : but the Baronetage is now
extinct.

The said Robert Bathurst, of Horsmonden, by his second wife,
had issue John Bathurst, of Goudhurst, in Kent, whose second
son, John Bathurst, was Doctor of Physic, and left issue live sens,
from whom the h Bathursts of Richmond, in the county of York,
are descended, possessing a fair estate.

John Bathurst, youngest son of Laurence Bathurst, left issue,
by Elizabeth his wife, Edward Bathurst, of Odiham, in com.
Southampton, Esq. who married Mary, daughter of George Hol-
land, of Angmering, in Sussex, and by her had Edward Bathurst,'
his son and heir; John Bathurst, an Alderman of the city of
London, anno 1673 ; and Anthony.

It now remains to give an account of Edward, the eldest son
of Laurence Bathurst.

Which Edward was seated at Staplehurst, and, among other
children, had issue

Lancelot Bathurst, Esq. Alderman of London, k who, in the
beginning of Queen Elizabeth's reign, was possessed of the manor
of Francks, in the parish of Horton Kirkby, in the county of
Kent, where he built a large mansion-house. He departed this
life on September 27th, 15Q4, aged sixty-five, and was buried in
St. Mary Bothaw's church, London. His wife was Judith, daugh-
ter of Richard Randolph, of London, who surviving him, was
married, secondly, to Sir Edward Kynaston, of Otley, in the county
of Salop. By her first husband, she had issue six sons, and three
daughters.

% In 1623, this branch procured an alteration of their atms j Az. two bars,
Or, in chief three crosses formee of the second.

h Vide Thoresby's History of Leeds, fol. 13.
1 Edward Bathurst, Gent. (I presume the same), was seated at Ichell (now
called Ewshot), in the adjoining parish of Crundall (formerly the ancient seat of
the Giffords), in the time of James I. His son John was born here in 1621.
The Bathursts continued here till within memory. It is now the seat of Henry
Maxwell, Esq. Set Topographical Miscellanies, Lond. \ 79 1, 4*0.

k Citizen and Grocer.

EARL BATHURST. 83

1. Randolph.

2. Lancelot resided at Hawley, and left a daughter, Mary,
wife of Thomas Brown, of Reynolds, in Horton Kirkby, Esq.

3. Edward, who died without issue.

4. George l Bathurst, ancestor to Earl Bathurst.

Elizabeth, married to John Brown, Esq.; and, secondly, to
Thomas Saunders, of Flamford ; Mary, wedded to Edmund Pe-
•hall, Esq. of Bromley, in Kent, fourth son of Richard Peshall,
of Checkley, in Staffordshire, Esq. 5 and Susan, espoused to Sir
Robert Owen, Knt.

His eldest son, Randolph Bathurst, of Francks, Esq. married
Catharine, daughter to Robert Argall, of East-Sutton, in Kent,
Esq. by whom m he had issue Sir Edward Bathurst, Knt. who
married a daughter of Sir Thomas Wiseman, of Essex, and had
issue two sons," and six daughters j from whom the family at
Francks descended, now extinct in the male line.

George Bathurst, the youngest son of the said Lancelot, in
the year 1610, married ° Elizabeth, daughter and coheir of Edward
Villiers,P of Howthorpe, in com. Northampton, grandson and heir
of Edward Villiers, Esq. who died seised of the manor of How-
thorpe, &c. on June 26th, 1513, and was fifth son of Sir John
Villiers, of Brookesby, Knt. grandfather to Sir George Villiers,
father of George Duke of Buckingham.

This George Bathurst had with her the manor of Howthorpe,
in Northamptonshire, where he settled. He died April 19th,
1651, aged sixty-nine, and was buried at Howthorpe, having had
issue thirteen sons and four daughters 5 six of which sons died in

* The name of the fifth son Is unknown j the sixth was Henry, who died
1619, and lies buried in the chancel of Horton Kirkby church. Hasted, I. 296.

m Randolph Bathurst had three sons, and six daughters. 1. Edward. 2. Lance-
lot. 3. Samuel,

n Sir Thomas Bathurst, of Francks, Knt. and Francis, who died young. The
former married Mary, daughter of Sir John Maynard, younger brother of Lord
Maynard, and died March 5th, 1688, aet. 60, leaving Francis, and Lancelot,
who died without issue in 1720. Francis, the eldest, was of Francis, and having
had four wives, died in 1738, leaving a daughter, Berenice, who became his sole
heir, and carried Francks, with his other estates, in marriage, to Mr. Joseph
, Fletcher, of London. She died 1748. Hasted, I. 296.

0 At the time of his marriage he was worth 300 1. a year. All his children
were very ingenious, and prosperous in the world, and most of them handsome.
Kipph's Biogr. Brit. I. 692. He seems to have resided at Coventry in the Utter
part of his life. Ibid.

P His relict married Dr. Kettel, President of Trinity College, Oxford,

84 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

the service of King Charles I. during the rebellion 5 and those
that survived i were Ralph, Edward, Villiers, Henry, Moses, and
Sir Benjamin.

1. Ralph Bathurst/a distinguished wit, and a celebrated Latin
Poet, was born at Howthorpe, in the parish of Thedingworth, in
1620, had his education in Trinity-college, in Oxford, where he
was bred a Divine ; but in those times of confusion, during the
civil wars, studied Physic, and thereupon was employed in the
service of the state, as Physician to the sick and wounded of the
navy, which he managed with much diligence and success, to the
full satisfaction both of the generals at sea, and also of the com-
missioners of the admiralty. He was created Doctor of physic on
June 21st, 1653 j and, after the restoration of King Charles II.
he re-assumed his former function of a Divine, and became Fel-
low of the Royal Society, President of Trinity-college, 1664, and
one of his Majesty's Chaplains. Also, on June 28th, 16/O, he
was installed Dean of Wells. In April, 1691, he was nominated,
by their Majesties King William and Queen Mary, to be Bishop
of Bristol, with liberty to keep his deanery in commendamj but,
being fond of a collegiate life, and intending to re-edify the cha-
pel of Trinity-college, he refused to accept thereof. He died in
the eighty-fourth year of his age, on June 14th, 1704, and was
buried in the chapel of Trinity-college, Oxon, which he built at
his own expense :s having been highly esteemed for his great
learning.1 He married, 1664, Mary, daughter and heir of John
Tristram, of Baunton, in Devonshire, Esq. and widow of John
Palmer, of Taunton, M. D. a woman of admirable accomplish-
ments, but had no issue. She died April 14th, 169O, aged se-
venty-three, and was buried at Bishops Lydyard, in Somerset-
shire.

1 George, one of the sons, who did not survive, was elected Scholar of Trinity
College, June 6th, 1626, Fellow, June 8th, 1634. He was an elegant scholar,
and author of an oration, spoken at the burial of George Allen, Fellow of his
College, the famous Mathematician and Antiquary. He was created B. D. July
7th, 1640, and died 1644, of a wound in his thigh, received in defending the
garrison of Farringdon, in Berks, against the rebels.

1 The late learned, ingenious, and elegant Thomas Warton, has written his
life ; which is abridged in Kippis's Biogr. Brit.

s He expended nearly 3000 1. of his own money upon it.

t His discipline and his example", his vigilance as a governor, and his emi-
nence as a scholar, actually contributed to raise the reputation of his college to an
extraordinary height, and filled it with students of the first rank and family.

EARL BATHURST. 85

" As Dr. Bathurst was intimately acquainted with the most
eminent literary characters of his age, so few remarkable produc-
tions in literature were undertaken or published without his en-
couragement and advice. He encouraged Langbain, Aubrey,
Plot, Derham. Dr. Sprat was one of his chief admirers. Dr.
South, Dr. Busby, Dr. Allestree, Creech the Translator, Sir
George Ent, the celebrated Physician, and defender of the Har-
veyan System, with others, were his constant acquaintance. Such
were his friends : but he had his enemies. At length our author
having constantly enjoyed a perfect state of health, and being un-
visited at the last with the severe diseases of old age, died in his
eighty-fourth year, June 14th, 1704. He had been blind for
some time j and his death was occasioned by the accident of
breaking his thigh, while he was walking in the garden, which,
on the failure of his eyes, became his favourite and only amuse-
ment. Under this malady he languished for several days in acute
agonies. It is said, that at first, and for some time, he refused to
submit to the operations of the surgeon; declaring in his tortures,
that there was no marrow in the bones of an old man. He had
lost his memory a year or two before his death He was interred
on the south side of the anti-chapel of Trinity-college chapel, with-
out the least appearance of pomp or extravagance, according to
his own appointment. As to his character, his temperance in
eating and drinking, particularly the latter, was singular, and
exemplary. Amidst his love of the polite arts, he had a strong
aversion to music ; and despised the study of all external accom-
plishments, as incompatible with the academical character. His
behaviour in general was inoffensive and obliging. The cast of
his conversation was rather satirical, but mixed with mirth and
pleasantry. He was remarkably fond of young company ; and
indefatigable in his encouragement of a rising genius. John Phi-
lips was one of his chief favourites ; whose Splendid Shilling was
a piece of solemn ridicule perfectly suited to his taste, and which
gave him infinite pleasure. His writings, under the title of Lite'
rary Remains, are annexed to the account of his life by Mr.
Warton ; who has given a characteristic account of them, well
worthy the perusal of all, who have any curiosity in such mat-
ters. He chiefly excelled in Latin poetry; and Ovid was his
principal pattern, and his favourite classic.""

2. Edward x Bathurst, the second son, died Rector of Cheping

« Kippis's Bhgr. Brit. I. 697.
* Bridges's Hi story of Northamptonshire, p.' 116.

80 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

Warden, in Northamptonshire, November 19th, 1668, aged
fifty-four, and was buried in the church there, and a monument
is erected for him. He was a person of singular learning and
probity.^

3. Villiers Bathurst, another son, had also his education in
Trinity-college, and took the degree of master of arts on Decem-
ber 13th, l677« He was Judge-advocate of the navy in the
reigns of King Charles II. and King William and Queen Mary,
and died in the same post in the reign of Queen Anne, on Sep-
tember 8th, 1711.

4. Henry Bathurst, another son, also lived to an advanced
age, was Attorney-general of Munster, and Recorder of Cork and
Kinsale.

5. Moses Bathurst (who died March 28th, 1705, and was bu-
ried at Howthorpe), married Dorothy, daughter of Dr. John Ba-
thurst, and sister to Theodore Bathurst, of Leeds and Skuttershelf,
in com. Ebor. Esq. but, both of them dying without issue male,
their estates descended to their younger brother,

6. Sir Benjamin ^Bathurst 5 of whose posterity I am principally
to treat.

Which Sir Benjamin Bathurst, in the reign of King Charles II.
was elected Governor of the Royal African company, under his
Royal Highness James Duke of York ; also Governor of the East-
India company, in the years 1688, 1689. He was afterwards
Treasurer of the household to the Princess Anne of Denmark,
upon the first establishment of her family 3 and, on her accession
to the throne, he was constituted Cofferer of her household. In
1 702, attending on her Majesty, when she visited the university
of Oxford, the degree of Doctor of Laws was conferred on him,
on August 28th. And the year after, on the Duke of Marlbo^
rough's being elected with the Elector of Hanover, afterwards
King George I. a knight companion of the most noble order of
the Garter, Sir Benjamin Bathurst was his proxy at the install-
ment, his Grace at that time being beyond the seas.

This Sir Benjamin died on April 27th, 1704, and was buried
at Pauler's-Perry, in Northamptonshire. He married Frances
(who died, June 7th, 1727), daughter of Sir Allen Apsley, of
Apsley, in Sussex, Knt. by Frances his wife, daughter and heir
of John Petre, of Bowkay, in Devonshire, Esq. of the family o%

y He ass'sted A. Wood in his account of Arthur Wilson, who had been a fel-
low collegian with him.

EARL BATHURST. g;

Lord Petre. (Which Sir Alan Apsley2 was Falconer to King
Charles II. and Treasurer of the household, and Receiver-general
to James Duke of York/1 and died in St.Jaraes's-square, on Octo-
ber 15th, 1083.) Sir Benjamin had issue by the said Frances,
three sons. 1. Allen, created Earl Bathurst. 2. Peter. And,
3. Benjamin : and also a daughter, Anne, wedded to Henry Pye,
of Farringdon, in Berkshire, Esq. and dying of the small-pox, on
October 6th, 1/29, left by him thirteen children.

Peter, the second son, abovementioned, was seated at Clarendon-
park, in Wiltshire. In \J 10, he was elected member for Wilton,
in that county; and for Cirencester, in the county of Gloucester,
in 1727. In the next parliament he sat for the city of New Sa-
rum, and died May 6th, 176S. Pie married, first, Leonora-Maria,
daughter and heir of Charles How, of Gritworth, in Northamp-
tonshire, Esq. third son of John How, of Langar, in that county,
Esq. ancestor of the Viscounts How, and Lord Chedworth ; and
by her, who died in January, 1720, was father of two daughters;
Leonora, married to Dr. G. Macaulay ; and Frances, wedded to
Mr. Thomas Cooper, of Cumberwell, in Wilts. She died at
Cumberwell, 27th October, 1779. After the death of his first
Lady, he took to wife, secondly, Lady Selina Shirley, daughter
of Robert, first Earl Ferrers 5 and by her had five sons,b and ten
daughters; whereof, Selina, the eldest, was, first, married, in
1748, to Arthur Lord Ranelagh, of the kingdom of Ireland;
secondly, to Sir John El will, Bart.; Henrietta, to the Hon. Wil-
liam Tracy, son and successor to Thomas-Charles, fifth Viscount
Tracy, of the said kingdom ; Anne, to the Rev. Mr. Robert This-
tlethwayte, brother to Alexander Thistlewayte, of Winterslow,
in Hampshire, Esq. and Knight for that county, 1768; Cathe-
rine, to Sir Michael Malcolm, of Lochorr, in the county of Fife,
in Scotland, Bart. ; Charlotte, to Joshua Langton, of Newton St.
Low, in Somersetshire, Esq. and died in July, 17573 Frances,
who v/as wedded, on November 2d, 1756, to Anthony Duncombe,
late Lord Feversham (being his second wife), and died in child-
bed of a daughter, on November 21st, 1757 ; Elizabeth, married
to Sir Thomas Frederick, of Hampton, in Middlesex, Bart, and

z Wood's Fasti Oxon, Vol. I. p. 830.

a In the long parliament of Charles II. he had been Member for the borough
of Thetford, in Norfolk. See an interesting account of the Apsley family in the
Memoirs of Colonel Hutchinson, by Mrs. Hutchinson, who wa» a daughter of
that house.; published in 1807, 4to.

b From one of these sons, I presume, is descended the present Bishop of Nor*
■wich.

SS PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

died, September 11th, 1/64 j Louisa, to George Byam, of the
island of Antigua, Esq.; Mary, to the Rev. Mr. Yalden ; and
Margaret, unmarried. Of the sons, Peter, the eldest, wedded
Elizabeth, daughter of Evelyn, Esq. He became a Major-
general, October 19th, 17§1j Lieutenant-general, October 12th,
1793; and General, January 9th, 1798. He died in Harley
Street, London, December 20th, 1801. He bequeathed the estate
of Clarendon, for life, to his brother; and then to the second son
of the late Felton Hervey, Esq. whose Lady (Miss Elwill, now
Mrs. Freemantle), was his niece ; the estate at Laniston, to the
elder son of Mr. Felton Hervey; about 12,0001. in legacies; the
residue of his personal property, one third to Sir John Morshead;
one third to the children of Mr. Alexander Thistlethwayte ; and
one third to the children of Mr. Felton Hervey. b

Benjamin, the third and youngest son of Sir Benjamin Bathurst,
aforesaid, had a seat at Lydney, in Gloucestershire, and was re-
turned member for Cirencester, in that county, to the last parlia-
ment of Queen Anne, and to the two called by George I. He
served for the city of Gloucester in the four first parliaments con-
vened by George II. and in that Prince's last parliament for the
town of Monmouth ; for which he was also returned to the first
parliament summoned by his present Majesty in 17O1. He mar-
ried, first, Finetta, daughter and coheir of Henry Pool, of Kemble,
in Wiltshire, Esq. and by her (who died in childbed, at Bath, in
February, 1/37-8), had twenty-one children, whereof six survived
their mother; and of whom, Thomas, the eldest son, on August
24th, 1749, wedded Ann, daughter and heir of William Fazaker-
ley, of Totteridge, in Hertfordshire, Esq.; Pool Bathurst, the
second son, settled at Alton Pancras, in Dorsetshire, and married

Anne, daughter of Hasket, of Dorset, Esq. and afterwards

succeeded his brother at Lydney j Anne, the eldest daughter,
married Charles Bragge, of Cleve-hall, in Gloucestershire, Esq. by
whom she had issue the Right Hon. Charles Bragge, late Secre-
tary at War, who took the name of Bathurst, May, 18o4, on the
death of Mrs. Bathurst, relict of Pool Bathurst, Esq. of Lidney
Park, which Lady died in Great Pulteney Street, Bath, May 5 th,
1804, when Mr. Bragge succeeded to the Lydney estates; Susan,
married Powell Snell, of Guiting, in Gloucestershire, Esq. Finetta
died unmarried, 17^2; and Catherine, married the Rev. Charles
Coote, Dean of Kilsenora, in Ireland. This Benjamin Bathurst,
Esq. in March, 1742, took to his second wife,, Catharine, daugh-

*» Gent. Mag. Vol. LXXI. p. 1158, 1208.

EARL BATHURST. 89

ter of the Rev. Dr. Lawrence Broderick, brother to Alan, the first
Viscount Middleton, of the kingdom of Ireland. He had no
place at court before the accession of the present King, who was
pleased, in May, 17^3, to appoint him Out-ranger of Windsor
Forest: he was also Fellow of the Royal Society, and died Novem-
ber 5th, 1767.

Allen Bathurst, first Earl Bathurst, was born in St.
James's Square, Westminster, November 16th, 1084. He was
entered, when fifteen years of age, in Trinity-college, Oxford,
under his uncle, Dean Bathurst, the President 3 from whom he
confirmed, if he did not acquire, that elegance of taste, which
accompanied him through all his future life. In 1705, when just
of age, he was chosen M. P. for the borough of Cirencester, in
Gloucestershire, and continued to serve for that place during two
parliaments. Though so young, he is said to have distinguished
himself in the debates relative to the Union with Scotland. He
is said also to have been of great use to Harley and St. John, in
their opposition to Marlborough. But he maintained an high and
invariable personal regard for Lord Somers ; and he accepted no
place from government. At the memorable period when twelve
new Peers were introduced into the House of Lords, to obtain a
majority in the Upper House, he was elevated to the peerage, by
the title of Baron Bathurst, of Battlesden, in Bedfordshire, De-
cember 31st, 1711.

Upon the accession of George I. when his political friends
were in disgrace, and some of them exposed to the prosecution of
Government, his attachment to them continued firm and un-
changeable. As he was one of those, who believed that the pro-
ceedings against them were severe and vindictive, he expressed
with indignation and eloquence, his disapprobation of these pro-
ceedings; and he observed, that the King of a faction was only
the Sovereign of half his subjects. He was zealous in the defence
of Lord Bolingbroke and the Duke of Ormond. He voted against
the Septennial Act, 1716. He spoke on the bill for punishing
mutiny and desertion, February 21st, 1717-I85 and from that
period, for the space of five and twenty years, took an active and
distinguished part in every important debate which came before
the Upper House ; and was one of the most eminent leaders of
the warm, vigorous, and persevering opposition which was carried
on against the measures of the court ; and especially against Sir
Robert Walpole's administration.

jH PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

In 1723 , in the proceedings against Bishop Atterbury he dis-
tinguished himself as a zealous advocate for that ingenious and
celebrated Prelate. Many years afterwards he exerted himself
with great eloquence, and with a very striking display of political
knowledge and ability, in the debate for an Address for the re-
moval of Sir Robert Walpole.

Besides the vast variety of speeches which were made by Lord
Bathurst in parliament, he likewise joined in most of the protests
which, for a series of years, were entered in ihe Journals of the
House of Peers.

On July 13th, 1742, his Lordship was sworn, at Kensington,
one of the Privy Council, and appointed Captain of his Majesty's
Band of Gentlemen Pensioners. This office he resigned in 1744 5
from which time he was in no public employment, till the year
1757, when, upon a change in the Ministry, he was constituted
Treasurer to the present King, then Prince of Wales ; and he
continued to act in that capacity to the death of George II. At
his Majesty's accession to the throne in 1760, Lord Bathurst was
continued in the list of Privy Counsellors ; but, on account of his
great age, declined accepting any employment. However, in con-
sideration of his eminent merit, he had a pension on the Irish
establishment of 20001. a year.

As his Lordship's abilities and integrity in public life gained
him the esteem even of his political opponents, so in private life,
his humanity and benevolence excited the affection of all who
were honoured with his more intimate acquaintance. To his
other virtues, Lord Bathurst added all the good breeding, polite-
ness, and elegance of social intercourse. No person of rank, per-
haps, ever knew better how to unite Otium cum dignitate. The
improvements he made round his seat at Cirencester, were worthy
of his fortune, and shewed the grandeur of his taste. In this re-
spect Mr. Pope paid him a just and fine compliment :

" Who then shall grace, or who improve the soil ?
Who plants like Bathurst, or who builds like Boyle !"c

It is remarkable, that his Lordship's beautiful and noble plan-
tations were begun by him after be had reached his fortieth year ;
and he had the felicity, not only of living to see them in a state

c Epistle to Lord Buriington.

EARL BATHURST. pi

©f perfection, bat of preserving such a degree of health and vi-
gour, at an age to which few advance, as enabled him to enjoy
the delightful scenes he may be said to have created. How com-
pletely he understood the right application of a large fortune, is
well expressed by Pope, in his Epistle to this Peer, on the right
Use of Riches.

u The sense to value riches, with the art

T' enjoy them, and the virtue to impart,

Not meanly, nor ambitiously pursued,

Not sunk by sloth, nor rais'd by servitude ;

To balance fortune by a just expense,

Join with economy magnificence;

With splendour, charity ; with plenty, health;

Oh teach us, Bathurst! yet unspoil'd by wealth!

That secret rare, between the extremes to move,

Of mad good nature, or of mean self-love!"

Lord Bathurst's wit, taste, and learning, led him to seek the
acquaintance of men of genius. He was intimately connected
with the great persons of this kind who adorned the beginning of
the last century. Bishop Atterbury, Dr. Freind, Mr. Congreve,
Sir John Vapburgh, Swift, Prior, Rowe, Addison, Pope, Ar-
buthnot, Gay, and others, cultivated his friendship, and were
proud of his correspondence. To the last of his life, he was
delighted with the conversation of men of abilities : nor were
his friendships confined to persons of peculiar parties or profes-
sions.

His Lordship preserved to the close of his life his natural cheer-
fulness and vivacity ; and was always accessible, hospitable, and
beneficent. He delighted latterly in rural amusements; and en-
joyed with a philosophical calmness the shade of the lofty trees
he had planted. Till within a month of his death, he constantly
rode out two hours every morning, and drank his bottle of wine
after dinner.

He lived to see his eldest surviving son several years Lord High
Chancellor of Great Britain, and promoted to the Peerage by the
title of Baron Apsley.

In 17/2, his Lordship was elevated to the dignity of Earl Ba-
thurst j and died, after a few days illness, at his seat at Ciren-
cester, September lfjtb, 1775, set. Ql. On the 21st of September

92 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

his Lordship was buried with due funeral honours,, at the parish
church of Cirencester, in the same vault with his Lady 5 and a
monument has since been erected to their memory, with the fol-
lowing inscription :

Near this are deposited the remains of

Allen, Earl of Bathurst, and Catherine, Lady Bathurst.

In the legislative and judicial department

Of the great Council of the Nation, he served

His Country 69 years with honour, ability, and diligence.

Judgment and taste directed his learning,

Humanity tempered his wit,

Benevolence guided all his actions.

He died regretted ly most, and praised by all,

tlie l6th Day of Sept. 1775, aged Ql.

Catherine his consort, by her milder

Virtues, added lustre to his great qualities ;

Her domestic economy extended

his liberality,

Her judicious charity his munificence,

Her prudent government of her family his

hospitality.

She received the reward of her exemplary life

the 8th vf June, 1768, aged 79-

Married July 6th, i;04.d

Benjamin, the eldest son, was born on August 12th, 1711,
and on November 26th, 1732, married Elizabeth, second daugh-
ter to Charles Lord Bruce, eldest son and successor to Charles
Earl of Aylesbury, in England, and of Elgin, in Scotland. He
was elected, in 1/34, one of the Knights for the county of Glou-
cester, to the eighth parliament of Great Britain, being the second
called by George II. and in ] 754, was returned one of the mem-
bers for the borough of Cirencester in the said county. He died
without issue, January 22d, 1767, and his widow survived till
November 12th, 1771.

Henry, the second son, was second Earl Bathurst.

John Bathurst, third son, died unmarried in 1777; an(*

d See a fuller account i n Vol. II. of Kippis's Biogr. Brit. pp. I— 10, from
whence this is abridged.

EARL BATHURST. 93

Allen, the fourth, was Fellow of New College in the Univer-
sity of Oxford, and in June, 176O, was, by the late King, pre-
sented to the rectory of Beverston, with the chapel of Kingscot
thereto annexed, in the county of Gloucester, but died August
22d, 1767, unmarried.

His Lordship's five daughters were, 1. Frances, who, on August
5th, 1731, was first married to William Woodhouse, Esq. (son
and heir apparent of Sir John Woodhouse, of Kimberlcy, in Nor-
folk, Bart,), who died Knight of the shire for Norfolk, on
March 31st, 1735; and, secondly, to James Whitshed, of the
kingdom of Ireland, and of Hampton-court, in Middlesex, after-
wards member for Cirencester, Esq. 2. Catharine, wedded in
April, 1737^ to Henry-Reginald Courtenay, Esq. brother to Sir
William Courtenay, Bart, afterwards created Viscount Courtenay;
and was mother of the late Bishop of Exeter, &c. 3. Jane, mar-
ried, in April, 1744, to John Buller, Esq. of Morvall, in Corn-
wall, and Knight in parliament for that county; and was mother
of the late Judge Buller, &c. 4. Leonora^ married, in September,
1752, to General Edward Urmston, formerly of the first regiment
of foot-guards, and died, October 1798. And, 5. Anne, born
1722, married on April 13th, 1752, to the late Rev. -Dr. James
Benson, nephew to Dr. Martin Benson, late Bishop of Glouces-
ter; she deceased, leaving only two daughters; of whom, the
eldest married her first cousin, the Rev. Martin Benson, now
Rector of Merstham, in Surrey ; and Chaplain of Tunbridge Wells
chapel.

Henry-, second Earl Bathurst, who was born, May 2d,
1714; applying himself to the study of the Law, was, in January
1745-6, appointed Solicitor-general to Frederick Prince of Wales,
and afterwards Attorney-general, in which character he attended
his Royal Highness's funeral. He was also Attorney- general to
her Royal Highness the Princess Dowager of Wales, till May 2d,
1754, when he was called to the degree of Serjeant at Law, and
appointed one of the Justices of the Court of Common-pleas. On
January 23d, 1771* he was created Lord Apsley, Baron of
Apsley in Sussex, and appointed Lord High Chancellor of
Great Britain; and in February, 1776, his Lordship acted as
High Steward of Great Britain, on the trial of Elizabeth calling
herself Dutchess of Kingston. He resigned his high ofnceJune 3d,
1 778> He was also one of his Majesty's most Honourable Privy-
counsellors, and a Governor of the Charter-house; and 24th No-

94 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

vember, 1779* appointed President of his Majesty's most Honour-
able Privy Council, in the room of Earl Gower.

His Lordship was, first, married to Anne, daughter of <

James, Esq. and widow of Charles Phillips, Esq. but by this
Lady, who died February 8th, 1758, he had no issue.

He, secondly, on June 14th, 1759, married Tryphena, daughter
of Thomas Scawen, of Maidwell, in Northamptonshire, Esq. by
whom he had issue two sons, and four daughters ; viz.

1. Henry Lord Apsley, third Earl, born May 22d, 1762.

2. Apsley, born October 14th, 1769, who is Clerk of the Dis-
pensations in the High Court of Chancery.

Lady Tryphena, born October 24th, 1760.

Lady Catharine, born June 14th, 1764.

Lady Selina Letitia, born January 2d, 1766.

And Lady Susan, born January 3d, 1768.

His Lordship died August 6th, 1794 3 and was succeeded by
his eldest son,

Henry, third Earl Bathurst.

His Lordship married, April 1st, 1789* Georgina, youngest
daughter of Lord George Lenox, and sister to the present Duke
of Richmond, by whom he has issue,

1. Henry George, Lord Apsley, born February 24th, 1790.

2. William Lennox, born February 14th, 1791.

3. Lady Louisa Georgina, born September 22d, 1792.

4. Seymour Thomas, born October 27th, 1793.

5. Lady Emily Charlotte, born February 9th, 179&.

His Lordship sat in parliament whilst a Commoner; and in
1783, was appointed a Lord of the Admiralty; and in 1789, one
of the Lords of the Treasury, which place he held till 1791.
In 1793, he was nominated a Commissioner for the affairs of
India; and in 1804, was made Master Worker of the Mint.

His Lordship is now one of the Tellers of the Exchequer ^
Joint Clerk of the Crown ; President of the Board of Trade and
Plantations ; and Master of the Mint.

Titles. Henry Bathurst, Earl Bathurst, of Bathurst, in Sussex;
Lord Bathurst, Baron Bathurst, of Battlesden, and Lord Apsley,
Baron of Apsley, in Sussex.

Creations. Baron Bathurst, of Battlesden, in the county of
Bedford, December 31st, 1/11, 10 Queen Anne; Lord Apsley,
of Apsley, in Sussex, January 23d, 1771, 11 George III. 3

EARL BATHURST. go

Earl Bathurst, of Bathurst, in Sussex, August 12th, 1/72, 12
George III.

Arms. Sable, two bars, Ermine j in chief, three crosses, pat-
tee, Or.

Crest. On a wreath, a dexter arm in mail, embowed, and
holding a club with spikes, all proper.

Supporters. Two stags, Argent, each gorged with a collar ge-
mell, Ermine.

Motto. Tien ta. foy.

Chief Seat. At Cirencester, in the county of Gloucester,

+

gO PEERiVGE OF ENGLAND.

HILL EARL OF HILLSBOROUGH.

«

The name of Hill hath been of great antiquity, worth, and dis-
tinction in the counties of Stafford and Devon ja and, from the
reign of Queen Elizabeth, of considerable note and esteem in the
counties of Downe and Antrim.

Moyses Hill, Esq. the ancestor of the present Earl of Hills-
borough, was, during the course of O'Neile's rebellion in the
North, one of those gentlemen who (in 1573), were associated
under Walter Devereux, Earl of Essex, to suppress it; and, after
the fatal disappointment and death of that Earl, served under his
son, Robert Earl of Essex, who, March 12th, 15Q8, was appointed
L. D. and sent with a very considerable army, to prosecute the
rebels: but he returning to England in September, 15QQ, Mr.
Hill continued in the army under Sir Charles Blount, Lord Mount-
joy, who succeeded upon that Earl's disgrace, and by him was
appointed Governor of Olderfleet-Castle, an important fortress in

a Among others, who were principal ornaments of the name, may be reckoned
Sir John Hill, of Hill's Court, in the suburbs of Exeter, and county of De-
von, who was born there, and, being bred to the law, was advanced to the degree
of a Serjeant on the Monday next after the Purification, 1383 (6 Richard II.)
and September 30th, 1400, was constituted by King Henry IV. one of the Jus-
tices of the court of King's Bench. Contemporary with whom was Sir Robert
Hill, of Shilston, in the said county, Knt. who being also bred to the Law, was
made the King's Serjeant in the same year (1400), and about nine years after
appointed one of the Justices of the Common-Pleas, in which he was continued
by the Kings Henry V. and VI. and acquired a great estate, which he left to his
posterity, who flourished there for about nine generations after him ; when the
estate being wasted and disposed of by Robert Hill, Esq. and his son Edward, the
family dispersed.

EARL OF HILLSBOROUGH. 97

those times, as it guarded the harbour of Larne from the invasion
of the Scots.

After the suppression of that rebellion, and King James's ac-
cession to the crown, he served under Arthur, Lord Chichester,
who was for many years Lord Deputy of Ireland, and his Majesty
King James I. in consideration of his sufficiency, valour, skill,
and long experience of his service in Ulster, constituted him, De*
cembcr 15th, 1603, the first Provost-Mareschal of the forces at
Carrickfergus, with the fee of six shillings a day j and (as the
King expresseth it), " forasmuch as the multitude of malefac-
tors, and other loose and idle persons within the Province of Ul-
ster, required that his Majesty should correct and repress them by
some speedier and sharper means, than by the ordinary course of
common laws ; and considering the martial law and orders thereof
to be very necessary for the reformation of such loose vagrants j
and having had good experience of the circumspection, industry,
knowledge, and indifferency of Sir Moyses Hill, Knight," his
Majesty, April 14th, 1617, appointed him, for life, Provost-
Mareschal of the whole Province of Ulster, with full power to try
and examine all disorders and offences, and, upon conviction, to
proceed by martial law to judgment, and punishment by death, or
otherwise, as the nature of the offence should merit.

In the parliament of l6l3, he served for the county of Antrim;
and, having acquired very large possessions in the aforenamed
counties, died in February 1629-30, in the sevenry-rsixth year of
his age. — He left two sons,

1 . Peter, his heir.

2. Arthur, who afterwards succeeded to the estate.

And three daughters} the eldest married to Sir James Craige,
of Carrjckfergus, Knt.; the second, to Arthur, son and heir ap-
parent of Sir Charles Wilmot, Viscount Wilmot, of Athlone,
who dying October 31st, 1(532, was buried in the church of St.
Nicholas, Dublin -, and the third, first, to Sir William Brooke,b
Knight of the Bath, son of George, brother to Henry, Lord Cob-
ham; and, secondly, to Edward Russell, Esq. youngest 6on to
Francis, Earl of Bedford, and by him, who died September 2 lot,
]6rj5, was mother of Edward Earl of Orford, Vice- Admiral of
England.

Peter Hill, Esq. the elder son, in lrj41, was Sheriff of the

b One of the daughters of this match was ancestor to Sir Brooke Boothby,
Bart. ; and another was wife to Sir John Denham the Poet. Set Mmo'vtof Count
Grammvnt.

VOL. V. H

93 v. PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

county of Downe, and Provost-Mareschal thereof ; and (as he
sets forth in his deposition), being in Dublin when the rebellion
began, he was sent thither in a barque by the L.J. and Council
with directions, that, if it was possible, there should be a quarter
session sitting within the said county, for indicting of the rebels;
wherein he took such care, and so far hazarded himself, that a ses-
sion was first held at Killileagh, where a great many rebels were
legally indicted, and in another session at least an hundred morej
in the proclaiming of the writs of outlawry against whom, he was
in great danger of his life, as well as those of his soldiers and ser-
vants, which he kept at great charges, and who attended him in that
service. When he first heard of the general rising of the Irish,
in the county of Downe, and how the Protestants were robbed
and stripped, and many of them murdered, he furnished himself
with arms for ninety-four men, having only powder, match, and
shot out of his Majesty's stores ; with which he freighted a barque
from Dublin, and landing at Stranford, raised and armed a com-
pany, some horse, some foot, and kept -them at his own expense
for about a year and a half, in which time he drove many rebels
out of those parts, and did other acceptable services to the Eng-
lish government, until about the month of May, 1644, that he
and his family weve driven from his dwelling-house by several
parties of the Scotch army, who plundered his house and stock,
to a very great value, and obliged him to fly to Dublin for
safety.

He married the daughter of Sorley Boye Mac Donell, and sister
to Randal, the first Earl of Antrim, by whom he had Francis, his
heir j and Randal, who died unmarried.

Francis was seated at Hill-Ha 1, hi the county of Downe, and
married Ursula, daughter to Sir Francis Stafford, of Ponglenone,
jn the county of Antrim, Knt. privy-counsellor to King James I.
and left issue by her two daughters, his coheirs ; Anne, married as
hereafter ; and Rose, to Sir Robert Colvil, of Newtown, in the
county of Downe, Knt.

Arthur Hill, of Hillsborough, Fsq. the younger son of Sir
Moyses, who succeeded to the family estate upon the demise of
his nephew Francis, without issue male, being Colonel of a regi-
ment for King Charles I. against the Irish, which he raised in
1641, by direction of the government, was one of those officers
who were deputed, in the year 1644, by the army in Ireland, to
apply to the King and Parliament of England for succours against
the rebels j and was also one of those who gallantly refused to

EARL OP HILLSEOROUGH. 99

pake the solemn league and covenant, which Monro endeavoured
to introduce by force into the northern army. After the kingdom
had submitted to the parliament in 1047, he continued to serve
against the Irish; and had an order, dated at Cork, June 17th,
1652, to receive the sum of 100 1. towards defraying his charges
in coming from Ulster to the head-quarters, attending at Kilkenny
and other places, and for special service done by him touching
the forces and stores, and other public affairs. He was that year
made one of the Commissioners of the revenue for the precinct
of Belfast; and was also appointed November 21st, 1(553, a Com-
missioner in the aforesaid precinct, for examining the delinquency
of the Irish. He had also an order, dated August 6th, 1656
(" in consideration of his many public and eminent services, to-
gether with his sufferings, both in and after the rebellion, to the
great furtherance and advancement of the public interest"), to
receive 10001. in full satisfaction for his said services and suf-
ferings.

Upon the restoration of King Charles II. he was appointed,
March 19th, 166O, one of the Commissioners of the court of
claims, for putting in execution his Majesty's declaration of the
30th of November, for the settlement of Ireland, and satisfaction
of the several interests of adventurers, soldiers, and others ; and
having been very early and eminently active, with the hazard of
liis life and estate, in his endeavours in Ireland to restore the
Ring, he was sworn a member of his Majesty's Privy-council, on
the establishment thereof j and November 18th, l66l, had a par-
don, dated at Westminster, fjr all crimes, &c. committed by him
during ihe course of the rebellion, which the most innocent were
obliged, for their own security, to sue out at that time. He sat
in several parliaments, which were called in Ireland, particularly
in that of 1(541, when he was zealous in the prosecution of the
Earl of Strafford, for his arbitrary proceedings in that kingdom j
and in the parliament, called by Cromwell in 1(55(5, to represent
the three nations of England, Scotland, and Ireland, he was cho-
sen for the counties of Downe, Antrim, and Armagh. In the
parliament of 1(561, he represented the county of Downe; and
the King having had for some years many thousand pounds short
of the estimated value of the customs and excise, appointed one of
the members of his Privy-council to sit constantly with the Com-
missioners of those revenues, and assist in the ordering of those
affairs; and October 21st, 1662, constituted him his agent and
commissioner, for inspecting into his customs and excise.

J 00 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

He died in April, 1663, in the sixty-third year of his age,
possessed of a large estate in the counties of Antrim, Downe,
&c.

He married, first, Anne, eldest daughter of Sir Richard Bolton,
Knt. Recorder of Dublin, Chief Baron of the Exchequer, and
Lord Chancellor of Ireland (by his wife Frances, daughter to Ri-
chard Walter, of Stafford, Esq.), and by her, who was buried at
St. Bride's, Dublin, January 7th, 1636, had three sons 5 Moyses,
Edward, and Francis.

Moyses, the eldest, in the rebellion of 1641, was a Lieutenant-
colonel in the armyj represented the town of Drogheda in the
parliament of l66l $ married Anne, elder daughter and coheir to
Francis Hill, of Hill-Hall, Esq. aforesaid, and died April 19th,
1664, having issue by her, who deceased in July, 1683, three
daughters j Frances, married to Thomas Coote, of Coote-Hill,
Esq. j Penelope, to Sir Walter Plunket, Knt.j and Mary, to Arthur
Parsons, of Tomduffe, in the county of Wexford, Esq.

The second wife of the said Arthur Hill, Esq. was Mary,
daughter to Sir William Parsons, one of the Lord Justices of Ire-
land, ancestor to the late Earl of Ross, and by her he had three
sons and three daughters.

William, who succeeded to the estate.

Conway, who commanded an independent troop of horse during
the war j was member for the county of Antrim, in the parlia-
ments of 1661 and J 665 j and died without issue by his wife, the
daughter of Jones, Esq.

Arthur, who died young.

Penelope, married to Richard Coote, of Tullaighmaine, Esq,
Jane, to Gilbert Ormsby, of Tobervaddy, in the county of Ros-
common, Esq. and Dorothy, to Colonel Richard Eustace, of
Dowdingstown, in the county of Dublin.

William Hill, of Hillsborough, Esq. who became heir after
the death of his brother Moyses, without issue male, was a person
much esteemed in the country; and in i6/6j with Sir James
Shaen, and others, became a farmer of the revenue of Ireland at
a large yearly rent -, which being much in arrear by unavoidable
accidents, his estate in the counties of Downe and Drogheda was
seised, and the rents paid into the exchequer, until he had a full
release and discharge thereof by patent, dated January 5tb, J 686,
at Westminster. On November 13th, 1678, he was made Lord
Lieutenant and Custos Rotuiorum of the counties of Downe and
Antrim ; was of the Privy-council to King Charles and James II,

EARL OF HILLSBOROUGH. 101

and member of parliament in \665 for the county of Downe; but
was attainted by King James's parliament in 1689, as an absentee,
and had his estate sequestered (as his mother had her jointure),
until it was restored on the reduction of the kingdom by King
William, of whose Privy-council he was sworn December 1st,

X69O.

He had two wives; first, Eleanor daughter to Dr. Michael
Boyle, Archbishop of Armagh, Lord High Chancellor of Ireland,
and one of the Lords Justices of that kingdom, in the reign of
Charles II. and by her was father of an only son,

Michael Hill, Esq. his heir.

He married, secondly, Mary, eldest daughter to Marcus Tre-
vor, first Viscount Dungannon; and by her (who died at London
on July 9th, 1711; and was buried at Kensington), had two sons;
viz.

1. Arthur Hill, Esq. who at his death, in the twenty-first year
of his age, was a cornet in the Duke of Ormond's regiment.
And,

2. Marcus Hill, Esq. who wa3 educated at Oxford, and resided
at Holt- Forest, in Hampshire, where he died on April 6th, 1751,
unmarried, and left the bulk of his fortune to the late Earl of
Hillsborough.

The said William Hill, Esq. father of the last-mentioned
persons, made his will, on July 7th, 1692, the probate whereof
is dated at London, on November 20th, 1693, in which year he
died, being then in the fifty-second year of his age, and had se-
pulture in the church of Kensington, in Middlesex, in a vault
uncjer the communion-table, made for that purpose, in which are
also deposited the bodies of his second wife, and his son Marcus.
By his said will, he confirmed all his family settlements; be-
queathed ten pounds to the poor of Hillsborough, and two pounds
to those of the parish where he should die, which happened at
Chelsea, in the aforesaid county of Middlesex.

Michael Hill, Esq. eldest son and heir to the aforesaid Wil-
liam Hill, of Hillsborough, Esq. was of the Privy-council to
King William; served for the borough of Saltash in the English
parliament, as he did also in the Irish for Hillsborough; and was
Lord Lieutenant and Custos Rotulorum of the county of Downe.
In 169O, he married Anne, daughter of Sir John Trevor, of Brin-
kinalt, in the county of Denbigh, Knight, Master of the Rolls in
England, Speaker of the House of Commons, and first Lord
Commissioner of the great seal; and by her had two sons.

102 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

1. Trevor, created discount Hillsborough. And,

2. Arthur Hill, Esq. of whom afterwards.

And a daughter, Anne, who wedded the Honourable St. John
Broderick, eldest son of Alan, first Viscount Middleton, Lord
High Chancellor of Ireland, and by him was mother of five
daughters.

This Michael Hill, Esq. died A. D. 1699, in the twenty-seventh
year of his age, and was interred in the family vault at Hillsbo-
rough. His Lady survived him, and was the third wife of the
aforesaid Alan, Viscount Middleton, and died his widow on Ja-
nuary 5th, J 747, and was buried at Hillsborough, having had no
issue by him. She built the church of Ereda, in the county of
Downe, at her own expense; and bequeathed 5001. to the Blue-
coat hospital at Dublin, to which she had given the like sum in
her life-time j 3001. to the Charter-schools ; 2001. to the Infir-
mary on the Inns-quay 3 1001. to Mercer's hospital; 2001. to
discharge prisoners ; and 50 1. to the poor of each of the parishes
of St. Paul, in Dublin (wherein she resided), Hillsborough, Breda,
before mentioned, and Middleton, in the county of Cork.

Arthur Hill, Esq. the younger son of Michael Hill, Esq. was*
seated at Belvoir; and on July I lth, 1719, was invested with the
place of Keeper of the Records in Birmingham Tower. He re-
signed that post in December 1734, and on March 8th following,
was with Laurence Brodrick, Esq. pursuant to a reversionary
grant made to them on March 27th, 17I8, appointed to the of-
fice of joint register of the memorials of all deeds, conveyances,
&c. in Ireland; which office was instituted by act of parliament
6 Queen Anne, and was granted solely to him on October 2d,
1736; but he gave it up in May, 1749. He served for Hillsbo-
rough in the parliament summoned in 1715, was returned one of
the Knights for the county of Downe in 1727> and sworn of his
Majesty's Privy-council on August 20th, 1750, 24 George II. In
1762, he succeeded to the estates of his maternal grandfather, Sir
John Trevor, and was created April 27th, IJG5, Viscount Dun-
gannon, of Ireland. He died 1 77 !•

He married two wives; 1. Anne, third daughter and coheir
of Joseph Deane, Esq. Chief Baron of the Exchequer in Ireland;
but she dying in childbed, about a year after marriage, he, on
January 12th, 1737, wedded, secondly, Anne, daughter and heir
to Edmund- Francis Stafford, of Brownstowne, in Meath, and of
Portgelnone, in the county of Antrim, Esq. and by her had a son,
Arthur, born on December 24th; 1738; and three daughters;

EARL OF HILLSEOROUGH. 103

Anne, married to Garret-Colley Wesley, Earl of Mornington ;
Prudence, married to Charles Leslie 5 and Jane, who died unmar-
ried. Their brother, Arthur, married a daughter of Henry, Vis-
count Mountmorris, died before his father, 1770, and had issue
two sons, Arthur Trevor, now discount Dungannon, and Henry-
John Trevor.

Trevor Hill, Esq. afterward Viscount Hillsborough, eldest
son and heir of Michael Hill, Esq. was born in 1693, and had
his education in England, where he was returned member for
Aylesbury, in Buckinghamshire, to the parliament which met at
Westminster, on March 17th, 1714-15, 1 George I. He likewise
served for the county of Downe, until King George T. was pleased,
by patent bearing date August 21st, 17 17 > to create him a Peer
of the kingdom of Ireland, by the styles and titles of Baron Hill,
of Kilwarlin, and Viscount of Hillsborough, both in the county
of Downe, with limitation of those dignities to the heirs male
of the body of his father, and the annual creation fee of twenty
marks. His Lordship took his seat in parliament on the 2/th of
the same month j and on September 3d, that year, was admitted
a member of the Privy-council in the said kingdom. He was also
called to the Privy-council at the accession of King George II.
in 1727; and in 1729, was constituted Lord Lieutenant and
Custos Rotulorum of the county of Downe.

His Lordship wedded Mary, eldest daughter and coheir to An-
thony Rowe, of Moswell-hill, in the county of Middlesex, and of
North-Aston, in the county of Oxford, Esq. and widow of Sir
dward Denton, of Hillersden, in Buckinghamshire, Bart.

His Lordship departing this life on May 3d, 1742, was buried
at Hillsborough; and by his said Lady (who died on August 22d,
1742, on her journey to Bath, and was interred, near her first
husband, at Hillersden), had four sons.

1. Charles, born June 3d, 1717^ who died young, and was bu-
ried at North-Aston, com. Oxon.

2. Wills, his successor, second Earl of Hillsborough.

3. Arthur. And, 4. Anthony, who both died young, and are
buried at Hackney.

By the same Lady, he was also father of a daughter, Anne,
born July 5th, 1716, who on December 23d, 1746, was married
to Sir John Rawdon, Bart, afterwards created Lord Rawdon, and
Earl of Moyra ; but departed this life, without issue by him, on
August 1st, 1751, and was buried at Moyra.

Wills Hill, Earl of Hillsborough, in England, and Mar- ■

104 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

quis of Downs hire, in Ireland, only surviving son of Trevor, Vis-
count Hillsborough, was appointed Lord Lieutenant and Gustos
Rotulorum of the County of Downe, in 1742, in room of his father -t
was sworn a member of the Privy-council in Ireland, on Ang. 25th,
1746; and created Viscount of 'Kilwarlin,and Earl of 'Hillsborough,
by patent dated Oct. 3d, 1751, 25 George II. with limitation of
those honours, in default of heirs male of his body, to his uncle,
Arthur Hill,, Esq. aforesaid, and his male issue. His Lordship
was a member of the British Privy-council in the reign of King
George II. to whom he likewise executed the office of Treasurer
of the chamber ; but gave up that place in 1756 ; in which year
he was, by letters patent bearing date November 20th, 30
George II. created a Peer of Great Britain, by the style and title
of Lord Harwich, Baron Harwich in Essex, and was advanced
to the dignity of Viscount and Earl of the said kingdom, on
August 12th, 1772, by the style and title of Viscount Fairford,
and Earl of Hillsborough. His Lordship was also Register
of the High Court of Chancery in Ireland, F. R. S. and LL. D.
His Lordship, at the accession of the present King, was continued
a privy counsellor in both kingdoms, and in September, 1763, was
constituted first. Commissioner of trade and the plantations ; on
December 27th, 1766, he was appointed Joint Post-Master Ge-
neral; on January 20th, 1768, was appointed Secretary of State
for the Colonies ; which post he resigned in August, 1772. On
November 25th, 1779* ne was appointed Secretary of State again,
and formed one of the leaders of the Ministry who had to bear
the unpopularity of the conduct of the American War. He re-
tained that office till March, 1782.

This noble Peer (who was enrolled among the Fellows of the
Royal Society) was, at the general election in 1741, returned one
of the Knights of the shire for the county of Huntingdon, and
also one of the Burgesses for Warwick, to the ninth parliament of
Great Britain; but chose his scat for the latter, by which he was
also chosen to the next parliament in 1747) and sat for the same
borough in the eleventh parliament of Great Britain, till he was
advanced to the British Peerage, as before related.

His Lordship, on March 4th, 1747-8, first married Lady Mar-
garetta, only surviving daughter of Robert, Earl of Kildare, and
sister to James, the first Duke of Leinster j and by her Ladyship
(who was born on July 2d, 1729, and died January 15th, 1766,
at Naples, whither she had gone in hopes of recovering her
health), had two sons.

EARL OF HILLSBOROUGH. 305

1. Marcus Viscount Kilwarlin, born February 21st, 1752, who
died in 1756, and was buried at Hackney.

• 2. Arthur, second Marquis, born February 23d, 1753.

Also three daughters} 1. Mary-Ann, born May 28th, 17^9,
departed this life on December 19th following, and was buried
at Hillsborough.

2. Lady Mary Amelia, bom on August l6th, 1751, and mar-
ried, on December 2d, 1773, to James Cecil, Viscount Cranbourn,

now Marquis of Salisbury.

3. Lady Charlotte, born March 18th, 1754, and married, May
7th, 1776, to John Chetwynd Talbot, late Earl Talbot; and died
January 17th, 1804.

Adolphus, under the year 1774, says, " Lord Hillsborough,
though no longer Secretary of State for the Colonies, continued
to give his advice and assistance to the Ministry. He supported
their proceedings with zeal, firmness, and ability; his experience
rendered him a competent judge of the great topics of dispute;
and in debate he rendered ready and effectual service."0

His Lordship, on October 11th, 1768, was married to his second
Lady, the Right Hon. Mary, Baroness Stawell, widow of the Right
Hon. Bilson Legge, by whom he had no issue. She died, 29th
July, 1780, at their house in Hanover Square, and was succeeded
in the Barony of Stawell by her only son, Henry, the present
Lord Stawell.

His Lordship was advanced to the title of Marquis of Down-
shire, in Treland, August 19th, 1/89; and dying October 13th,
1793, was succeeded by his only surviving son,

Arthur, second Earl of Hillsborough, and Marquis of
Downshire, who while a Commoner sat in parliament for Lest-
withiel, 1774; and for Malmsbury, 178O.

His Lordship married, June 29th, 1786, Mary, daughter of the
Hon. Martin Sandys (by Mary, daughter of William Trumbull,
Esq. of Easthamstead Park, in Berks), by whom he had issue,

1. Arthur- Blundell-Sandys Trumoull, the present Marquis,

2. Lord Arthur- Moyses-William, born January 20th, 1792.

3. Lord Arthur-Marcus-Cecil, born January 28th, 1798.

4. Lord Arthur- Augustus-Edwin, born August 13th, 1800.

5. Lord George- Augustus, born 1802, to whom his Majesty
King George III. and Princess Augusta stood sponsors.

6. Lady Charlotte, born July 15th, 1794.

« Reign of George III. Vol. II. p. 186.

105 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

7. Lady Mary, born July 8th, 1796.

His Lordship died September 7th, J 801 ; and his widow bavin*
succeeded to the estates of her uncle, Edwin, second Lord Sandys,
was created Baroness Sandys, of Ombersley, in England, June
29th, 1802, with remainder to her second, and other subsequent
sons. The Marquis was succeeded by his eldest son,

Arthur Blundell Sandys Trumbull, third Earl, and
Marquis.

t r\ ./

f v " /

Titles. Wills Hill, Earl of Harwich, Viscount Fairford, Lord
Harwich, Baron of Harwich (English honours) ; Earl and Vis-
count of Hillsborough, Viscount of Kilwarlin, and Baron Hill, of
Kilwarlin, Irish honours.

Creations. Baron Hill, of Kilwarlin, and Viscount Hillsbo-
rough, both in the county of Downe, August 21st, 17^7^ 4
George Lj Viscount Kilwarlin, and Earl of Hillsborough, Octo-
ber 3d, 1751, 25 George II. ; Lord Harwich, Baron Harwich, in
Essex, November 20th, 1756, 30 George II.; Viscount Fairford,
and Earl of Hillsborough, August 12th, 1/72 ; and Marquis of
Downshire, in Ireland, August lyth, 1789.

Arms. Sable, on a fess, Argent, between three leopards, pas-
sant-guardant, proper, three escallops of the field.

Crest. On a wreath, a rein deer's head, coupt gules, collared
and attired, Or.

Supporters. On the dexter side, a leopard, proper, ducally col-
lared and chained, Or ; on the sinister, a rein deer, Gules, du-
cally collared, chained, and attired, Or.

Motto. Per deum et ferrum obtenui.

Chief Seat. At Hillsborough, in the county of Downe.

A.

EARL OF AYLESBURY. 107

BRUCE BRUDENEL, EARL OF AYLESBURY.

For the male ancestry of this noble Lord, I must refer the
reader to the account already given of his elder brother, the Earl
of Cardigan. But as his Lordship inherits his Barony by virtue
of a special limitation in the patent granted to the late Earl of
Aylesbury, his maternal uncle, and as (pursuant to the will of
his said uncle) his Lordship has assumed the surname of that
family, and has been since advanced to the chief title inherited by
them; it seems necessary to insert the descent of the Bruces, so
far back as the ancestry of the late Countess of Cardigan, mother
lo the present Earl of Aylesbury, can be uninterruptedly traced.

They are decended from Robert le Brus, (or Bruis) a
noble a knight of Normandy, who was a person of such note and
valour, and so much confided in by William Duke of Normandy
that after his victory over Harold, King of England, he sent him
to subdue the northern parts of this realm : which having suc-
cessfully performed, he was rewarded b with no less than forty-
three lordships in the East and West Ridings of Yorkshire, and
fiifty-one in the North Riding of that county ; where the manor
and castle of Skelton was the capital of his barony. He like-
wise obtained by conquest, and other ways, Hert and Hertness in
the bishopric of Durham. This Robert left issue,

Robert de Bruis, second Lord of Skelton, a man of great
worth and honour, who contracted a great friendship with
David I. King of Scotland, while that monarch resided in England,
where he was styled Earl, and Prince of Cumberland, during the

» Monast. Angl vol. ii- p. 148, b. n 10. b Lib Doomsday in Ebor.

108 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

reign of Alexander I. his brother and predecessor, and was Earl of
Northumberland, Huntingdon, and Northampton, in right of his
consort, Mathilda, or Maud, daughter of the renowned Earl
Waltheof. This Robert de Bruis accompanied King David into
Scotland, and was accounted one of his nobles and subjects, as is
evident from the register of the bishopric of Glasgow. It is equally
evident, from sundry documents, that the same Robert possessed
the lordship of Annandale, which contained all the lands, from
the bounds of Dunegal and Strathnith, to the lands of Ranulph
de Meschines, then Earl of Chester, and Lord of Cumberland ;
and it is affirmed, by some historians, that, by the mediation of
King David, he obtained them in marriage with Agnes Annand,
heiress of that vast estate, of which he got confirmation from that
monarch, and thereby had large possessions in both kingdoms.
As he was a man of great parts, and equally qualified for the
cabinet and the field, he was in high favour with Henry I. King
of England, as well as with the said David, King of Scotland.
Being at the court of England, A. D. 1137, King Stephen joined
him in commission with Bernard de Baliol, to endeavour to dis-
suade or divert King David from his intended invasion of England,
and Robert used all his interest with the Scottish monarch 5 but
to no purpose, for that Prince, neglecting the advice, pursued his
former resolutions, and entered England with a considerable
army. Whereupon Robert withdrew his allegiance from David,
and was on the English side at the famous battle of the standard,
in 1138, which proved fatal to the Scots. In this action Robert
ds Brus took prisoner his own son Robert, who had been left in
Scotland, and was then about fourteen years of age. When the
father presented him to King Stephen, his Majesty desired that
he might be delivered to his nurse to be taken care of. Peace
being concluded next year between the two kingdoms, in conse-
quence of which Northumberland was given to Henry, Prince of
Scotland, Robert continued in favour and friendship with King
David ever after.

This Robert was very eminent for his piety and devotion,
having in 1129, (as appears by Sir William Dugdale's Monasticon)
founded a monastery for canons regular of St. Augustine, at Gys-
burn, or Gisbume, (commonly called Gisborough) in Cleveland,
Agnes his wife, and Adam his son and heir, joining with him
therein, amply endowing it with twenty carucates of land, each
carucate then containing sixty acres. This monastery was the
common burial place of the nobility and persons of rank in those

EARL OF AYLESBURY. JOg>

parts; and its church, by the ruins, seems to have been equal to
the best cathedrals in England. He also bestowed upon the same
monastery the patronages of all the churches within his lordship
of Annandale. He also gave the church of Middlesburgh with
two carucates, and two novates, of land in Nehuham, to the
monks of Whitby in Yorkshire, on condition that they should
place certain of their convent there ; with which they complied,
and made it a cell to their abbey. He likewise gave to the abbey
of St. Mary's, at York, his lordships of Appilton, and Hornby,
with all the lands lying betwixt the same, and the great road
leading from York to Durham, being part of his lordship of Mid-
dleton. He also gave them two carucates of land, and a mill in
Sunderland Wick, as also the town of Karkarevill, which by the
monks of that house was assigned to their cell at Wederhal in
Cumberland. According to Sir William Dugdale, he departed
this life, 5 Id. Maii, 1141, and was buried in the said abbey of
Gisburne; but according to Sir James Dalrymple, in the year
1143.

However, he had two wives, c first, Agnes, an English Lady,
daughter of Fulco Paynell, with whom he had the manor of
Carleton ; and,

Second, Agnes Annand, who brought him the lordship of An-
nandale, as before mentioned.

By the first he was father of a son, Adam, his successor in
most of the English estates. And by his second Lady he had tvo
sons,

First, William, of whom afterwards, as continuator of the
male line of this illustrious family ; and,

Second, Robert, taken prisoner, as before recited, but of whole
posterity there is no certain evidence.

He is likewise said to have had a daughter, Agatha, wife of
Ralph (son of Ribald, Lord of Middleham in Yorkshire) who had
with her in frank marriage the lordship of Ailewick in Hertness,
in the palatinate of Durham.

His eldest son Adam, third Lord of Skelton, behaved with
great valour in the aforesaid battle near North Alverton, against
the King of ScotJand. According to the piety of those times, he
founded the priory of Hoton in Yorkshire; and he and Ive:ta,
his wife, dedicated the church of Thorp to the cathedral of York.
He was also a benefactor toother religious houses; and departing

c Sir Robert Douglas's Peerage of Scotland,

1 10 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

this life on March 20th, 1162, had sepulture at Gisburne. He
was succeeded by his son,

Adam, fourth Lord of Skelton, who dying in July, 1185, left
issue, a son, Peter, his successor, and a daughter, Isabel, wedded
to, Henry de Percy (ancestor to the Earls of Northumberland).

Peter de Buus, fifth Lord of Skuton, in 10 Richard I. paid
500 marks for his father's lands, and departing this life on Ja-
nuary 2/th, 1211, was interred at Gisburne, leaving

Peter, his successor, and sixth Lord of Skelton, who, in 17
John, was in arms, with other Barons, who were offended at the
King for having resigned his crown to Pope Innocent III. and
consenting to hold it as a vassal to the See of Rome j and was so
powerful, that he brought the whole country to submit to him.
He paid, in 38 Hen. III. for sixteen knights fees, and had other
large possessions. Having made a voyage to the Holy Land, he
died in his return, on September 13th, 1267, at Marseilles, and
wss buried at Gisburne. By Helewise, his wife, eldest sister and
cooeir of William de Lancaster, Baron of Kendal, he left four
daughters, of whom afterwards, and an only son,

Peter, seventh Lord of Skelton, who departed this life about
ths year 1300, without issue by Helena de Mildain, his wife, and
left his great estate to be divided among his four sisters, his co-
heirs. Of these, Agnes, the eldest, was the wife of Walter de
Faiconberg, who had for her share the castle and larony ofSkel-
toi, with several manors : Lucia, the second, was married to
Marmadukc, Baron Thweng, who had other large possessions,
vaose lineal heirs are, the present Earl of Scarborough, and Sir
Charles Hotham, d Bart. : Margaret, the third, wedded Robert de
Ross, lord of the castle of Warke, who in her right had the barony
of Kendal ; whose son, William, was Lord Ross of Kendal : and
Laderina, the youngest, was married to Sir John de Bellew,
and had for her share the lordship of Carleton, and divers other
manors.

This branch therefore becoming extinct in the male line, we
return to William, eldest son of Robert, second Lord of Skelton,
by his second wife, Agnes Annand, before mentioned, who, in
right of his mother, succeeded to the lordship of Annandale in
Scotland, and to the lands of Hart and Hartness, in the bishopric
of Durham, by the gift of his father, to be held of him and his

d Or rather the daughter of his uncle, the late Sir Charles Hothami
(Thompson) Bart.

\

EARL OF AYLESBURY. ill

successors, Lords of Skelton. He confirmed the donations of the
churches in Annandale, which his father had made to the monks
of Gisburne. To shew that he looked upon his chief settlement
to be in Scotland, he quitted his father's armorial bearings, (Argent,
a lion rampant, Gules) and assum d the coat of Annandale, viz.
Or, a saltire and chief, Gules, In a charter, without date, of
some lands in Annandale to Adam de Carleo/o (one of his vassals),
he is styled Willielmus de Bruce, Dominus vallis Annandice, &c.
This William de Bruce died before the year 1183, and was suc-
ceeded by his son,

Robert, third Lord of Annandale, a nobleman of great valour
and magnanimity, and at the same time both pious and religious.
He ratified and confirmed to the monastery of Gisburne all the
grants of his predecessors. About the year 1190, he entered into
an agreement with Joceline, bishop of Glasgow, with consent of
the abbot and convent of Gisburne, whereby the before-mentioned
churches in Annandale, which Robert, second Lord of Skelton,
and first Lord of Annandale, had granted to the said convent,
were. made over to the see of Glasgow ; his son consenting thereto.
He married Isabel, natural daughter of "William, surnamed the
Lion, King of Scotland, and by the said Lady (who secondly
wedded Robert de Ross, Lord of Wark and Hamlake in England,
and from whom the Rosses of Hamlake and Wark descended) he
left, at his death, A. D. 1 191, an only son and heir,

Robert de Brus, surnamed the Noble, fourth Lord of An-
nandale, who married Isabel, second daughter of Prince David,
Earl of Huntingdon and Chester, son of Henry, Prince of Scot-
land, eldest son of David I. King of Scotland, and younger brother
to Malcolm IV. and William (the Lion), successively monarchs of
that realm. By this royal match the Lords of Annandale came to
be amongst the greatest subjects in Europe : for by the said Isabel
(who was one of three sisters and coheiresses of John surnamed
Scot, Earl of Huntingdon, and last Count Palatine of Chester, of
which palatinate he (John) became possessed in right of his
mother, Maud, the aforesaid Prince David's wife, daughter of
Hugh Kiviliock, and eldest sister of Ranulph Blundeville, Earls
Palatines of Chester) Robert, exclusive of his paternal estate in
both kingdoms, came to be possessed of the manor of Writtle, and
Hatfield, in Essex, together with half the hundred of Hatfield,
which King Henry III. in the 25tlj year of his reign e gave in

* Cart. 25 Hen. III. m. z.

112 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

exchange for those lands which descended to his Lady by the
death of her brother, John, Earl Palatine of Chester : and she
likewise brought him the castle of KiJdrummie and the lordship
of Garioch, in Aberdeenshire, and the manor of Conningtori, in
Huntingdonshire, and Exton, in Rutlandshire, which three she
inherited from her father. This great peer died in an advanced
age, A.D. 1245, and had sepulture, with his ancestors, under a
stately monument at Gisburne, leaving, by the said Isabel,

Robert de Brus.^A Lord of Annandale, who was one of
the justices f of the Common Pleas in 1250, and in 36 Henry III.
doing his 8 homage, had livery of the lands of his mother's inheri-
tance. h In 38 Hen. IK. as one of the coheirs to John Scot, Earl
of Huntingdon, on assessment of the aid for making the King's
eldest son knight, he paid twenty pounds tor ten knight* s fees. In
thirty-nine Henry III. l he was constituted sheriff of Cumber-
land, and governor of the castle of Carlisle. In fony-eighth
Henry III. when many of the Barons k put themselves in arms
on pretence of asserting the laws of the land, and the people's
liberties, he was one of those who stood firm to the King, and
marched with him from Oxford to Northampton, where the re-
bellious Earons then were, with a great power ; and on the assault
of th:.t town took several prisoners. But soon after, on May 14th,
1264, when the Barons (through the1 help of the Londoners)
gave battle to the King at Lewes in Sussex, where they prevailed,
he was (together with the King himself, and divers other great
lords) taken prisoner ; having, at that time (together with John
Cumming) the command of those Scotch auxiliaries, in King
Henry's service. But the King obtaining his right by the victory
at Evesham, on August 5th, 1265, m he was in 51 Hen. III. again
made governor of the castle of Carlisle.

In 1290, after the death of Margaret, Queen of Scotland,
daughter of Eric II. King of Norway, and grand-daughter and
undoubted heir of Alexander III. before mentioned," he was one
of the competitors for the Scottish crown with John Baliol, the
other claimants suit being set aside, when the right of succession
was declared to be betwixt these two candidates. It was alleged,

f Mat. Paris, p. 780, n 10. b Rot. Fin. 36 Hen. III. m 15.

*> Rot Pip- 38 Hen. III. Essex and Hcrtf.

\ Pat. 39 Hen. III. m 3. k Mat. Paris, p. 993, n. 50.

1 Ibid p. 995. m Pat. 51 Hen. III. m- $0.

■ Hect. Boet 291, a.

£ARL OF AYLESBURY. 113

among other arguments, for Robert Bruce, that it was customary,
in Scotland, for the brother of the last King to be preferred to his
son, and adduced an example of Donald V's succeeding to the
throne, A.D. 854, in preference to King Constantine II. the son
of his elder brother King Kenneth II. commonly called Mac
Alpin : that King Alexander II. who died in 1249, esteemed
Robert as his heir, in failure of the descendants of his own body,
even to the knowledge of Dornagild {or Derveguld) his (Robert's)
mother's elder sister, and John Baliol's mother, who was then
alive, and assented to it, at least did not contradict it, having no
male issue of her own : that it was a constant maxim in Scot-
land, for the son of the second daughter to be preferred to the
heir female of the eldest daughter : and that King Alexander III.
acknowledged this Robert to be next heir to the crown, failing
heirs of his own body j all which was offered to be proved by
living witnesses. It was urged for John Baliol, that he stood one
degree nearer in consanguinity to David Earl of Huntingdon j his
grandmother, Margaret, being eldest daughter of that Prince s
and that consequently therrown belonged to him. On that prin-
ciple (though the learned Mr. Thomas Ruddiman has clearly
proved the right of representation, according to the then rules of
succession, to have been in Bruce) the forty chosen peers, twenty
of Scotland, and as many of England, did, at the tenth congress,
in the castle of Berwick, n on November 17th, 1292, declare John
Baliol King of Scotland, by the direction of Edward I. King of
England, who acted as umpire. After that decision, Robert
Bruce, and John Hastings, Lord Bergavenny, who had been one
■of the competitors, in right of his grandmother, Ada, fourth and
youngest daughter of the aforesaid David, Earl of Huntingdon,0
claimed each a third part of the kingdom, but were rejected. This
Robert was so dissatisfied with the determination, that he could
never be prevailed upon either to give up his title, or acknow-
ledge King Edwatd superior, or John Baliol King of Scotland ; p
and retired in great disgust to England, where, however, he did
not long remain, but returned to his castle of Lochmaben. He
died there in \2Q5, * and was buried with his ancestors in the
abbey of Gisburne.

He married Isabel, daughter of Gilbert de Clare,, Earl of
Gloucester j and by her had three sons.

n Rymer's Feed torn. ii. p. 55?, et seq.
0 Leland's Coll. vol. i. p. 776. p Rymer,ibid. p. 5S9,

'i Chron. Walteri abbatis de Gysburn.
VOL. V. I

U4 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

First, Robert, his heir.

Second, Sir Bernard Bruce, who got the lands of Conningtoh
in Huntingdonshire, and Exton in Rutlandshire, which, about the
end of the reign of Edward III. went in marriage with Anne, the
sole heiress of this branch of the illustrious house of Bruce, to Sir
Hugh Wesenham.1

Third, John de Bruis, or Bruce, of whom afterwards, as an-
cestor to the late Earl of Aylesbury.

Robert, the competitor, had also, by his said wife, a daughter,
Christian, married to Patrick Dunbar, eighth Earl of March.

Robert Bruce, the eldest son, and sixth Lord of Annandaley
attended Prince Edward (afterwards King Edward I.) into Pales-
tine, s where by his courage and conduct he acquired great honour.
Upon his return from that expedition, he retired into England,
where he had a considerable estate. In 12CJ5, he was made1 go-
vernor of the castle of Carlisle, and in that and the two succeed-
ing years had u summons to parliament among the English Barons.
In the last of those years, x being called Robert de Bruce, senior,
(in regard to his eldest son, Robert, of whom afterwards) King
Edward acknowledging his constant fidelity, ordered him to be
put in possession of his lands in Scotland. He would never ac-
knowledge the title of John Baliol ; but being cajoled into the
interest of King Edward, with the hopes of attaining the Scot*
tish crown by that monarch's assistance, he contributed, together
with his son aforesaid, to the English obtaining the victory at
Dunbar, A D. 1296'j after which, putting Edward in mind of
his promise, he received such an answer as convinced him how
little he had to expect from that quarter. Nevertheless, being
constrained to accompany King Edward in his future operations,
he and his said son were with him at the battle of Falkirk, on
July 22d, 1298, when the Scots were also defeated.

He married Margaret, Countess of Carrick, daughter and sole
heir of Neil, Earl of Carrick, and widow of Adam de Kilconath,
who in her right was Earl of Carrick, and having accompanied
this Robert to "the Holy Land, died there without issue in 1272 :
and by her (in whose right he also became Earl of Carrick) had
five sons.

r Whence the Bruce Cottons of Connington, and the Haringtons of
Exton, were descended.

* Leland, vol. i. p. 772, and 773. l Pat. 23 Edw. I.m. 5.

,J Claus. de iisd. ann. x Rot. Scoc. 25 Edw. I. ra 3.

EARL OF AYLESBURY. 115

First, Robert, his heir, afterwards King of Scotland by the
name of Robert I.

Second, Sir Edward de Bruce, who, signalizing himself in be-
half of his elder brother, was by him created Earl of Carrick,
and being invited by a considerable number of the Irish to be
their King, was crowned at Dundalk, but was defeated and slain
there, A. D. 1318, without legitimate issue, f.

Third, Neil de Bruce.

Fourth, Thomas de Bruce ; and,

Fifth, Alexander de Bruce ; who were all three put to death
by command of King Edward I.

Robert, by the same Lady, had likewise seven daughters ;
first, Lady Isabel, wedded first to Thomas Randolph, of Strath-
don, lord high chamberlain of Scotland; secondly, to the Earl of
Atholl; and thirdly, to Alexander Bruce ; second, Lady Mary.,
who had two husbands, first, Sir Neil Campbell, ancestor to the
Duke of Argyll, and secondly, Sir Alexander Fraser, lord high
chamberlain of Scotland, from whom the Lords Saltoun, Lovat>
&c. ; third, Lady Christian, who was first married to Gratney
Marr, the eleventh Earl ofMarr; secondly, to Sir Christopher
Seton, ancestor to the Earls of Win ton ; and thirdly, to Sir
Andrew Moray, Lord Bothwell, chancellor and governor of Scot-
land : fourth, Lady Matilda, wedded to Hugh, Earl of Ross$
fifth, Lady Elizabeth, to Sir William Dishington, ofArdross;
sixth, Lady Margaret, to Sir William Carlyle, of Torthorald ; and
seventh, Lady ........... to David de Brechin, third Lord

Brechin.

Robert, their father, died in 1303, and was succeeded by his
eldest son,

Robert, Earl of Carrick, and seventh Lord of Annandale,
who though obliged to temporize, and adhere to King Edward, as
he had a considerable estate in England, yet never lost view of
his right to the Scottish monarchy. When he judged the time
favourable for his purpose, he communicated his intention to some
of his professed friends : and as John Cumming, Lord of Bade-
noch, was (though sister's son to John Baliol) among the number,
and one of the most powerful men in Scotland, Robert, in order
to secure him effectually to his interest, agreed to make over to

> He left a natural son, on whom his uncle, King Robert, bestowed the
Earldom of Carrick, and who left a daughter and heir, Helen, who jnarri«4
Sir William Cunningham, but died s- p.

116 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

him all his paternal inheritance in that kingdom, provided he
Would assist him to ascend the throne, dimming readily em-
braced the offer, as, in case of a revolution in favour of Bruce, he
would have been in a situation little inferior to royal : but at last,
doubting the success of the enterprize, or actuated by the hopes
of an ample reward, or perhaps of obtaining the crown for him-
self, (John Baliol having been dethroned by King Edward about
nine years before, and then living in exile) he disclosed the
whole transaction to the King of England. Robert Bruce was
then at London, and had such early notice of his being betrayed,
that he made his escape to Scotland, though not without some
hazard and difficulty. At his arrival there, his partizans were so
enraged at Cumming's treachery, that some of them, on February
10th, 1306, put him to death in the church of Dumfries, whither,
conscious of his guilt, he had fled for refuge. Robert, having
then collected a small body of men, proceeded to his palace of
Scoon, where he was crowned on Palm Sunday, March 27th, z
1306. He had enjoyed his royalty but a short space, when he
was defeated by an army sent against him by King Edward I. after
which he was obliged to live in an obscure condition for a consi-
derable time, during which his enemies tried every method their
invention could suggest, either to captivate or destroy him : but
being endowed with a large share or magnanimity and sagacity,
and his partizans being likewise possessed of the same qualities,
as well as an inviolable fidelity, all the schemes against him
proved abortive. In a few years he became absolute master of
Scotland, of which he not only secured quiet and respectable pos-
session by the signal victory obtained at Bannockburn, on June
24th, 1314, over a numerous army commanded by King Edward
II. but was also enabled to carry the war with success into the
territories of his adversary. The Scottish historians, considering
this monarch as the deliverer of his country from foreign subjec-
tion, and the restorer of its independency, characterize him as a
Prince qualified equally for the cabinet and field} and, exclusive
of the many heroes produced by his family, sufficient not only to
render it, but even a whole kingdom, illustrious.

His Majesty was twice married j first, to Isabel, daughter of
Donald, tenth Earl of Marr, and sister to the aforesaid Gratney,

z Some writers have affixed this solemnity to the 25th of that month, but
erroneously, for the dominical letter of that year was B. and Easter fell on
April 3d.

EARL OF AYLESBURY. 11/

Earl of Marr ; and secondly, to Elizabeth, daughter to Henry de
Burgh, Earl of Ulster in Ireland. By the first he had a daughter,
Margery, wedded to Walter, lord high steward of Scotland,
who by her was father of a son, Robert Stewart, afterwards
monarch of that kingdom, by the name of Robert II. and also of
? daughter, Egidia, or Giles, married to Sir James Lindsay, of
Crawford. King Robert, by his second consort, had an only son*
David, his successor -,' and likewise three daughters, first, Mar-
garet, espoused to William, fifth Earl of Sutherland j second,
Mathilda, wedded to Thomas de Issac : and third, Elizabeth,
wedded to Sir Walter Oliphant.

King Robert departed this life on June 9th, 1329, and his
only son, before-mentioned, mounted the Scottish throne, by the
name of David II. who was then in the ninth year of his age,
and lately espoused to Joanna, sister to King Edward III. of Eng-
land. The tranquillity of his reign was soon disturbed by Ed-
ward, John Baliol's son, who, landing in Scotland, A. D. 1332,
accompanied by divers English noblemen claiming lands in that
kingdom, and being reinforced by the adherents of his family,
routed the Bruceans, and got himself crowned King. This dis-
aster, together with the discomfiture of the Scottish army, next
year, at Halidon hill, obliged the regents to send David and his
Queen to France. However, his partizans acted with such per-
severance, that they expelled Edward Baliol, and David returned
to Scotland on May 3d, 1342. After his re-establishment, he
made several expeditions into England, to make a diversion in
favour of the French: but on October 1/th, 1346, his army was
routed, and himself wounded and taken prisoner, at Nevil's Cross
near Durham, Several treaties were set on foot for his liberty;
but none took effect till 1357, when he was ransomed for 100,000
marks sterling. King David was twice married : first, to the
before-mentioned Joanna, daughter of Edward II. King of Eng-
land, and, secondly, to Jane, daughter (some say widow) of Sir
John Logie, of Logie ; but having no issue by either, at his death,
on February 2/.th, 1370, the crown devolved to his nephew,
Robert Stewart, before taken notice of, whose right, upon the
decease of the said Edward Baliol, without heirs of his body,
became unquestionable, in the strictest sense of hereditary suc-
cession.

paving thus deduced the principal male btanch of this family,
Lord Bruce's collateral relations, we return to John de Bruts, or
Bruce, third son of Robert, fifth Lord of Annandale, compe-

*

118 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

titor for the crown of Scotland, his Lordship's immediate an-
cestor.

Sir Robert, grandson51 of this John, is styled beloved and
faithful cousin by King David II. (son of King Robert I.) in a
charter, dated December 9th, 1359, which he got from that
monarch, of the castle and manor of Clackmannan, Gyrmanston,
Garclew, Wester Kennault, Pitfoluden, with divers other lands,
all within the shire of Clackmannan. He likewise obtained a
charter, dated October 20th, 1365, of the lands of Gyrmanston,
Kennet, and other possessions, in the aforesaid county, contained
in the preceding charter, to him and the lawful heirs male of his
body. Sir Robert, moreover, on January 17th, 1309, got a
charter of the lands of Rait, in Perthshire, with the S3me limita-
tion as in the foregoing charter ; being called, in both, the King's
beloved cousin, &c. a designation to which he was justly entitled,
being the nearest relation, of the name of Bruce, to the royal
family. This gentleman (from whom every person of the sur-
name of Bruce is descended) bore the arms of the Lords of Annan-
dale, his ancestors, viz. Or, a chief and saltire , gules, with a star or
mullet on the chief, to denote his descent from a third son of that
illustrious house : but his posterity, upon the extinction of the
elder male branches, laid aside the star, and carried the arms
simply, as undoubted chiefs of the whole name. Sir Robert mar-
ried Dame Isabel Stewart, daughter of Sir Robert Stewart, an-
cestor of the Stewarts of Rosy the j and by her had five sons.

First, Sir Robert, his heir.

Second, Edward, progenitor to the Bruces of Airth, from
whom the Bruces of Earlshall, Kinloch, Bunzion, &c.

Third, Alexander, ancestor of the Bruces of Garbot, &c.

Fourth, , of whom the Bruces of Munas, &c. are de-
scended 5 and,

Fifth, James, who was bred an ecclesiastic, and became a
great ornament to his profession, by his piety and learning. He

a It must be observed, that here is a generation unaccounted for. Cravv-
furd says, **. That the ancient and noble family of Clackmanan is branched
from the Earls of Carrick all our antiquaries do agree, though they do not de-
duce the line of that descent in each point alike. To the intent that it may
clearly appear that it is, I thought fit to take notice, that King David II.
jcniade a grant to Robert Bruce, dilecto comanguineo suo, of thecastle and barony
of Clackmannan the thirty-ninth year of his reign, which is sufficient to shew
he was of the said King's kindred." Crawfurd cites Sir George Mackenzie's
Collections from the public archives of the kingdom-

EARL OF AYLESBURY. 119

was bishop of Dunkeld, in 144!, chancellor of Scotland, in 1444,
archbishop of Glasgow, in 1447, and died in that year.

Sir Robert, by the same Lady, was also father of a daughter,
Helen, married to David Ross, of Balnagowan, male representa-
tive of the ancient Earls of Ross'; but that representation is now
in Mr. Ross of Pitcalny.

Sir Bobert Bruce, the eldest son, succeeded his fit her before
1393 : for on August 12th, that year, he got, upon his own re-
signation, a charter, dated at Linlithgow, of the lands of Rait,
aforesaid, to himself in life-rent, and in fee to the heirs male of
his body ; in failure of which, to his nearest heirs whatsoever.
On October 24th, 1394, he got a charter of the lands of Clack-
mannan, &c. to himself in life-rent, and to the heirs male of his
body in fee; which failing, to return to the King; and in both
the said charters he is styled his Majesty's beloved cousin. Sir
Robert died in 1405, and having married a daughter of Sir John
Scrymgeour, of Dudhop, in the county of Angus, who enjoyed
the hereditary offices of standard bearer of Scotland, and con-
stable of Dundee, had by her two sons.

First, Sir David, his heir; and,.

Second, Thomas, to whom he gave the lands of Wester
Kenneth.

Sir David Bruce, of Clackmannan, the eldest son, was, in
the last-mentioned charter granted to his father, styled the King's
beloved cousin, &c. and on October 6th, 140(5, made a renun-
ciation of the tythes of the mills of Clackmannan to the canons
regular of Cambuskenneth. By Jane his wife, daughter of Sir
John Stewart, of Innermeath and Lorn, he was father of two sons,
viz. John, his successor, and Patrick Bruce, who, in 1449, got a
charter, under the great seal of Scotland, of the lands of Hill

John, eldest son and heir of Sir David Bruce, of Clackman-
nan, before-mentioned, had a dispute with Lucas de Striviline
(ancestor to the Stirlings of Keir, &c.) about certain lands, which
was terminated by a decree of inquest, dated April 17th, 1425.
He wedded Elizabeth, daughter to David Stewart, of Rosy the,
and by her had two sons, first, Sir David, his heir; and, second,
Robert, ancestor of the Bruces, of Cultmalindie in Perthshire.
He died in 1473, and was succeeded by his said eldest son,

Sir David, to whom he had made a resignation of his estates
of Clackmannan and Rait, on March 26th of that year (before
the end of which he departed this life), reserving his own life
rent, and a reasonable teirce to his said wife. This Sir Davit

*20< ' PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

was in great favour with King James IV. who conferred upar*
him the honour of knighthood. He was twice married ; first, fe>
Janet, daughter of Sir William Stirling, of Keir ; and, secondly,
to Marian, daughter of Sir Robert Herries, of Terreagles. By
the first he had a son, Robert, who, got the lands of Rait, and
dying before his father, left, by Elizabeth Lindsay, his wife, a
son, David Bruce, who, on February 1st, 1506, signed a renun-
ciation of his right to the estate of Clackmannan in favour of Sir
David, son of Sir David his grandfather by the second marriage.
His male line is extinct some time ago.

Sir David, by his second wife, had a son, the aforesaid Sir
David ; and a daughter, Christian, wedded to Sir James Schaw,
of Sanchie. He made a resignation of the lands of Clackmannan,
A. D. 1497, with certain reservations in favour of the said

Sir David, his son by the second marriage $ who thereupon,
and the renunciation of his nephew before-jnentioned, got on Feb.
3d, 1506, a charter, under the great seal, of the lands and barony
of Clackmannan. This Sir David was a gentleman of fine parts,
and possessed of a very great estate, as appears by the charters he
obtained between the years 1530 and 1540. By Jane his wife,
daughter of Sir Patrick Blackadder, of Tulliallan, he had three
sons.

First, John, from whom the present owner of Clackmannan.
Second, Sir Edward Bruce, of whom more fully, as ancestor
to the late Earls of Aylesbury, and of the present Earl of Elgin and
Kincardine ; and,

Third, Robert Bruce, of Lynmilne.

By the same Lady, Sir David Bruce had, also three daughters j.
viz Alison, married to Sir James Colvile, of Easter Wemyss;
Elizabeth, to Alexander Dundas, of Finglass; and Marian, sue-;
cessively wedded to Robert Bruce, of Ai.i*th, and Maius Sinclair,
of Carberry.

Sir Edward Bru$e, second son of Sir David Bruce, of Clack-
mannan, above mentioned, got a charter of the lands of Bargady,
Shiresmylne, &c. A. D. 1541 ; but having purchased the estate of
Blair-hall, he there fixed his residence, and had his designation
therefrom. He married Alison, daughter of William Reid, of
Aikenhead, in the county of Clackmannan, Esq. and sister to Ro.
bsrt Reid, bishop of Orkney; and by her had three sons.

First, Robert, who succeeded to the lands of Blair-hall, and
whose male line is extinct.

Second, Sir Edward Bruce, of Kinross, of wborn we shall

EARL OF AYLESBURY. 121

fully treat/as progenitor to the late Earls of Elgin and Aylesbury j
and,

Third, Sir George Bruce, of Carnock, ancestor to Thomas,
now Earl of Elgin and Kincardin, who, failing male issue of the
present Laird of Clackmannan, will be the undoubted chief of all
the Bruces existing.

Sir Edward Bruce, of Kinloss, second son of Sir Edward
Bruce, of Blair-hall aforesaid, being a person of great learning
and eminent abilities, wasb sent, in 1601, by King James VI.
with the Earl of Marr, to congratulate Queen Elizabeth, on her
success in repressing the attempt of Robert Devereux, Earl of
Essex, and then settled such a correspondence with Sir Robert
Cecil, c principal secretary of state, that he was eminently instru-
mental in the peaceable accession of King James to the crown of
England. In recompence of those faithful services, he had, soon
after his return to Scotland, a grant of the dissolved abbey of Kin-
loss, in the shire of Elgin; and by letters patent, dated at Holy-
rood-house, February 22d, 1003, was created Lord Brace, of Kin-
loss, with remainder to his heirs male for ever. That year he ac-
companied his Majesty into England, and on July 8th, 1604, was
made master of the rolls during life. His Lordship was of the
privy-council to his Majesty in both kingdoms, and dying in ihe
sixty-second year of his age, on January 14th, l6lO, was buried
on the north side of the altar in the chapel of the Rolls in Chan-
cery-lane, where a fair monument is erected to his memory, with
his effigies at length, habited as master of the rolls, and this
epitaph :

FUIMUS.

Sacrce memories

Domini Edwardi Bruce, Baronis

Bruce, Kinlossensis, Sacrorum Scriniorwn

Magistri, dicatum. Qui obiit 14 Jan. Sal. l6lQ.

jEtat. 62. Jacoli Regis 8.

Brucius Edwardus situs hie, & Scolus & Anglus^

Scotus ut ortu, Angius sic oriundus avis ;

Regno in ulroque decus tulit auctus honoribus amplify

Regi a Consihis Regni utriusquefuit:

Conjuge, prole, nuro, genero, spe, reque heatus;

Viverc nos docuit, nunc docet ecce mori.

b Spotswood's Hist- p. 463-
c The late Lord Hailes published this correspondence in one vol. nine-

122 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

He took to wife Magdalen, daughter of Alexander Clerk, of
Balbirnic in Fife, Esq. and by her had two sons and two daughters ;
Edward; Thomas j Janet, married to Thomas Dalziel, ofBinns,
in the county of Linlithgow, Esq. ; and Christian, d wedded to
William Cavendish, second Earl of Devonshire, ancestor to his
Grace the present Duke of Devonshire. She died in January,
1674, and was buried in the vault belonging to her husband's
family, at Derby.

Edward, second Lord Bruce, of Kinloss, his eldest son, was
made Knight of the Bath at the creation of Henry Prince of
Wales, A. D. 1610, and afterwards one of the gentlemen of the
bed-chamber to King James I. But in 1613, had the misfortune
to fall into a fatal quarrel with Sir Edward Sackville, (afterwards
Earl of Dorset) of which there is a full account in the Duke of
Dorset's pedigree ; and being slain by him in a duel, Thomas, his
brother, became his heir.

Which Thomas, third Lord Bruce, of Kinloss, was in great
favour with King Charles I. and having attended him at his coro-
nation in Scotland, on June 18th, 1033, was by letters patent
dated three days afterwards, at Holyrood-hotise, created Earl
of Elgin in that kingdom, with like remainder as the barony of
Kinloss. He was also, on August 1st, 1641, e advanced to the
degree of a Baron of England, by the title of Lord Bruce, of
Whorlton, in the county of York.

He married two wives; first, Anne, daughter to Sir Robert
Chichester, of Raleigh in com. Devon. Knight of the Bath, by
Anne his wife, one of the daughters and coheirs of John Lord
Haringtonj and, secondly, Diana, one of the daughters and co-
heirs of William Lord Burghley, son and heir to Thomas Earl of
Exeter, and widow of Henry Vere, Earl of Oxford.

By the last Lady he had no issue ; but by the first, who died f
March 20th, 1627, and is buried at Exton in Rutlandshire, he left
Robert his son and heir, s His Lordship died on December 2 1st,
1663, and was buried at Maulden in Bedfordshire, on the 31st of
the same month.

Which Robert, second Earl of Elgin, and first Earl of
Aylesbury, was, with Thomas Wentworth, Earl of Cleveland,

rt So baptized, being born on Christmas day. She was a patroness of
learned men, &c. See title Devonshire in vol. i.

e Pat. 17 Car. I. p. 1.

f Wright's Antiquities of Rutlandshire, fol 59.

s Wood's Fasti Oxon, vol i. p 886.

. EARL OF AYLESBURY, 123

on July 26th, 166O, constituted jointly or separately lords lieute-
nants of the county of Bedford j and having given proofs of his
loyalty to King Charles I. in his troubles, and been instrumental
in the happy restoration of his royal son, was, on March 18th,
1663-4,* created Baron Bruce, of Skelton, in the county of
York j Viscount Bruce, of Ampthill, in com. Bedford; and
Earl of Aylesbury, in com. Bucks. On March 29th, 1667,
he was constituted sole lord lieutenant of the county of Bedford,
on the death of the Earl of Cleveland, aforesaid, and the King,
the same year, having promised both houses of parliament, that
he would constitute commissioners for taking the accounts of such
monies as had been raised and assigned to his Majesty during the
late war with the Dutch, his Lordship was one of the six peers,
who, with twelve of the house of commons, were commissioned
for that inquiry. On October 18th, 1678, he was sworn of the
privy-council to his Majesty; and in the same reign was one of
the gentlemen of the royal bed-chamber ; and in commission for
executing the office of earl-marshal of England, as deputy to
Henry Duke of Norfolk.

On the accession of King James II. to the throne, he was one
of the lords, who at the coronation, April 23d, 1685, bore St. Ed-
ward's staff, and on k July 30th following, was appointed lord
chamberlain of his household : but on October 20th following, l
departed this life at his seat at Ampthill, and was there buried.
Wood, in his Fasti Oxonienses, vol. i. p. 887, gives him this
character : ¥ He was a learned person, and otherwise well quali-
fied ; was well versed in English history and antiquities, a lover
of all such as were professors of those studies, and a curious col-
lector of manuscripts, especially of those which related to England,
and English antiquities. Besides also, he was a lover of the re-
gular clergy, as those of Bedfordshire and Bucks know well
enough."

He married Diana, daughter to Henry Grey, first Earl of
Stamford, by whom he had issue eight sons.

Edward, Robert, Charles, Henry, and Bernard, who died
young.

Sixth, Thomas.

Seventh, Robert; and,

Eighth, James, who survived him.

i Bill. Sign. 16 Car. II.
k Hist, of Engl. vol. iji. p. 439. 1 Ibid. p. 440.

124 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND

And nine daughters, of whom, Lady Diana was married to
Sir Seymour Shirley, of Stanton Harold, in com. Leicester, Bart. 5
and afterwards to John, first Duke of Rutland ; Lady Anne, to
Sir William Rich, of Sunning, in com. Berks, Bart. ; Lady Chris-
tian, first to John Rolle, Esq."1 eldest son of Sir John Rolle, of
Stevenstone, in com. Devon, Knight of the Bath, afterwards to
Sir Robert Gayer, of Stoke Poges, in com. Bucks, Knight of the
Bath, and died on April 5th, 1 720 ; Lady Mary, to Sir William
Walters, of Saresden, in com. Oxon, Bart. ; Lady Arabella, died
unmarried; Lady Anne Charlotte, married Nicholas BaganaH, of
Newry in the kingdom of Ireland, and Place Neudd, in the Isle
of Anglesey, Esq. ; Lady Henrietta, wedded Thomas Ogle, Esq.
only son of Sir Thomas Ogle, governor of Chelsea-college ; and
Ladies Christiana and Elizabeth died young.

Thomas, his eldest surving son, succeeded him as third Earl
of Elgin, and second Earl of Aylesbury. He married on
August 31st, 1676, Elizabeth, third and only surviving daughter
of Henry Lord Beauchamp, son of William Marquis of Hertford,
afterwards second Duke of Somerset, and at the death of her
brother, William, third Duke of Somerset, on September 26th,
1671, sole heir to Tottenham-park, and Savernake forest in Wilt-
shire, besides divers estates in that and other counties, now in the
possession of the present Earl of Aylesbury. The Earl of Ayles-
bury's issue, by her, were four sons and two daughters.

Lady Elizabeth, eldest daughter, was married to George, third
Earl of Cardigan; and Lady Mary, the youngest (of whom her
mother died in childbed, on January 12th, 16967), deceased on
April 2d, 1698.

Elizabeth, Countess of Aylesbury, their mother, had a warrant
from King Charles II. June 28th, 1672, granting her the title of
Lady, and the place and precedency of a daughter of the Duke of
Somerset, notwithstanding her father, Henry Lord Beauchamp,
died in the lifetime of her grandfather, William Duke of So-
merset.

His Lordship was * amongst those peers who offered their
service to King James, on the Prince of Orange's embarking his
troops for England : but on that King's withdrawing from White- •
hall, on December 10th, 1688, in order to embark for France, the
lords spiritual and temporal, in and about Westminster, met at

m Pedigree of Rolle, by John Warburton, Esq. Somerset Herald-
n Hist, of England, vol. ii p. 523.

EARL OF AYLESBURY. 125

Guildhall the next day, and, sending for the Lord Mayor, drew
up a declaration, which was signed by the Archbishops of Canter-
bury and York, the Earls of Pembroke, Dorset, and twenty-five
other peers ; ° among which the Earl of Aylesbury was the seven-
teenth that subscribed to it, and agreed to the sending it to the
Prince of Orange. The declaration sets forth, " That his Ma-
jesty having withdrawn himself, in order to his departure out of
the kingdom, by the pernicious councils of persons ill-effected to
our nation and religion j we cannot, without being wanting to
our duty, be silent under these calamities, wherein the popish
councils, which so long prevailed, have miserably involved these
realms. We do therefore unanimously resolve to apply ourselves
to his Highness the Prince of Orange, who, with so great kind-
ness to these kingdoms, so vast expense, and so much hazard to
his own person, hath undertaken, by endeavouring to procure a
free parliament, to rescue us, with as little effusion as possible of
Christian blood, from the imminent dangers of popery and slavery.
" And we do hereby declare^ that we will, with our utmost en-
deavours, assist his Highness in obtaining such a parliament with
all speed, wherein our laws, our liberties, and properties^ may be
secured, the church of England in particular, with a due liberty
to protestant dissenters ; and in general, the protestant religion
and interest, over the whole world, may be supported and en-
couraged, to the glory of God, the happiness of the established
religion in these kingdoms, &c."

They further declared, that they would, as much as in them
lay, preserve the peace of London and Westminster ; and would
disarm all papists, and secure all Jesuits and Romish priests, who
were in and about the same : and if there were any thing more to
be performed by them, for promoting his Highness's generous in*
tentions for the public good, they should be ready to do it, as oc-
easion should require.

The Earl of Aylesbury acquiesced in those measures, as they
were apparently the only means of reconciling the King and
people, and were entirely consonant to the Prince of Orange's de-
claration, wherein he made not the least insinuation of a view to
the crown. When the King was stopt at Feversham on Dec.
14th, from going over to France, on the news thereof, the peers
and privy-council met, and, after some debates, they appointed
this p Earl of Aylesbury, William Paston, Earl of Yarmouth,

• Hist, of Eng. vol. ii. p. 533. p Ibid vol rii. p 536.

126 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

Lewis Duras, Earl of Feversham, and Charles Middleton, Earl of*
Middleton, to wait on his Majesty, to invite his return to his
palace at Whitehall ; to which he shewed some reluctance, yet at
last condescended to their request. Afterwards, when the Prince's
orders were communicated by three peers, about one in the morn-
ing of December J 8th, to the King then in bed, for his Majesty
to quit his palace of Whitehall, the Earl of Aylesbury, «i with Ed-
ward Henry Lee, Earl of Litchfield, James, Earl of Arran (after-
wards Duke of Hamilton), and George Douglas, Earl of Dun-
barton, went with the King in his barge, who had 100 of the
Prince's Dutch forces to guard him to Rochester. The same day
the Prince came to St. James's, and the King determining on
going to France, about three in the morning of December 23d,
privately withdrew himself, r without communicating his design
to any of his lords, not even the Earl of Dunbarton, who lay in
his chamber, and did not awake till he was gone. The Earl of
Aylesbury returned to London j but never took the oaths to King
William and Queen Mary. In 169O, whilst King William was
in Ireland, the French, after defeating the English fleet, under
the Earl of Torrington, threatened a descent in England -, and
Queen Mary, using all precautions to obviate the danger thereof,
published a proclamation, on July 5th, for apprehending Edward
Henry, Earl of Litchfield, * Thomas, Earl of Aylesbury, William
Lord Montgomery (son to William Marquis of Powis), and divers
others, suspected to adhere to their Majesties enemies in the ex-
pected invasion. However, his Lordship was not imprisoned on
that occasion ; for on January 5th following, 169O-I, King Wil-
liam l gave the royal assent to " An act to enable Thomas Earl of
Aylesbury, and Elizabeth Countess of Aylesbury, his wife, to
make provision for payment of debts, and to make leases of their
estates." In 1695, the Earl of Aylesbury was accused with hav-
ing been n at a meeting, in May, at the Old King's-head Tavern
in Leadenhall-street, London, with the Lord Montgomery, Sir
John Friend, Sir John Fenwick, Mr. Robert Charnock, and others,
when they consulted how to restore King James ; whereupon he
was committed to the Tower, in February J 6Q5-6. The Countess,
his wife, was so afflicted at his Lordship's confinement, that she
died in childbed on January 12th, J 696-7 ; but the Earl, her hus-
band, x was admitted to bail on February 12th following.

, Hist, of Eng vol. Hi. p. 537- r Ibid- p. 538. 1 Ibid. p. 603.

'Ibid. p. 609. u Ibid. p. 703. x Pointer's Chron. Hist. p. 43?.

EARL OF AYLESBURY. 127

His Lordship afterwards having obtained King William's leave
to reside at Brussels, he there married, secondly, Charlotte
Countess of Sannu, of the ancient and noble house of Argenteau,
in the dutchy of Brabant ; and by her, who died at Brussels on
July 23d, 1710, N. S. in the thirty-first year of her age, had an
only daughter, Charlotte Maria, who was married, in J 722, to the
Prince of Home, one of the Princes of the empire, and died at
Brussels, on November 18th, 1736, leaving several children.

His Lordship died at Brussels in November 1 741 , in the eighty-
sixth year of his age; and was succeeded in his honours by his
only surviving son,

Charles, third Earl of Aylesbury, and fourth Earl of
Elgin, who, in the lifetime of his father, was summoned by writ
to the house of peers, by the title of Lord Bruce, of Whorlton, 011
December 31st, 171 1, and by letters patent, bearing date April
17th, 1746, was created Lord Bruce, of Tottenham, in Wilu
shire, to him and his heirs male, with limitation of that honour to
his nephew, the Honourable Thomas Bruce Brudenel, youngest
son of George late Earl of Cardigan, and the Lady Elizabeth
Bruce, his wife, sister to the said Charles, Earl of Aylesbury.

His Lordship married the Lady Anne Savile, eldest daughter
and one of the coheirs to William Marquis of Hallifax, by which
Lady, who died on July 18th, l71/> ne had issue two sons and
two daughters; first, George, who was born in 1707* and died
young; second, Robert, who, on February 8th, 1 728-9, was mar-
ried to Frances, daughter to Sir William Blacket, of Newcastle-
upon-Tyne> Bart, and died, before his father, without issue.

Lady Mary, eldest daughter, was married, on December 21st,
1728, to Henry Brydges, Marquis of Caernarvon, afterwards Duke
of Chandos, and deceased on August 14th, 1738.y

Lady Elizabeth, second daughter, married, on November 26th,
1732, the Honourable Benjamin Bathurst, son and heir apparent
to Allen Lord Bathurst, and died November 12th, 1771* *• p.

His Lordship took to wife, secondly, the Lady Juliana Boyle,
second daughter of Charles Boyle, Earl of Burlington, and sister
to Richard the last Earl: but that Lady died in March, 1738,
without issue.

He thirdly married, on June 13th, 1739, Caroline, only
daughter of General John Campbell, of Mammore, who was

y She was mother of James, last Duke of Chandos, who died September
1789; and of Lady Caroline Leigh.

128 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

afterwards Duke of Argyll -, and by her Ladyship (who, on De-
cember 19th, \7-VJ , took to her second husband, the Hon. Henry
Seymour Conway, brother to Francis Earl of Hertford) left at his
decease, on February 10th, 1/46-7, an onty child, Lady Mary,
wedded on April 1st, 1757, to Charles, the late Duke of Rich-
mond, which Lady died November 8th, 1796, s. p.

By his Lordship's decease without male issue, in him ended
the male line of Edward Lord Bruce, of Kinloss, second son of
Sir Edward Bruce, of Blair-ba'l, whereby the titles of Earl of Ayles-
bury, Viscount Bruce, of Ampthill, and Baron Bruce, of Skelton,
became extinct : but the dignity of Lord Bruce, of Totten-
ham, in Wiltshire, devolved to the Hon. Thomas Bruce Brudenel,
youngest son of George, third Earl of Cardigan, according to the
entail in the patent of April 17th, 1746, aforesaid ; and the honours
of Earl of Elgin, and Lord Bruce of Kinloss, descended to Charles
Bruce> ninth Earl of Kincardin, in Scotland, who died, at his seat
at Broom-hall, in Scotland, May 14th, 1771.

The said Thomas Bruce Brudenel, who succeeded as
second Lord Bruce, of Tottenham, married, on February
17th, 1761, Susannah, daughter of Henry Hoare, of Stourhead
(or Stourton castle) in Wiltshire, and widow of Charles Viscount
Dungarvan, eldest son and heir apparent of John Boyle, Earl of
Cork and Orrery, &c. in Ireland, and Lord Boyle, of Marston, in
England: and by her Ladyship, who died February 4th, 1783,
had three sons.

First, George, born on March 23d, 1762, died 1783.

Second, Charles, born March 22d, 1767, who died ah infant.

Third, Charles, Lord Bruce, born February J 4th, 1773, mar-
ried, April 10th, 1793, the Hon. Henrietta Maria Hill, daughter
of Noel, first Lord Berwick, by whom he had four daughters, of
whom the youngest died June 8th, 1803.

And two daughters, Carolina Anne, born on May 1st, 1763 j
and

Frances Elizabeth, born on May 31st, 1765, married, Sep-
tember 17th, 1799, Sir Henry Wilson, of Chelsea Park, Middle-
sex, Knight.

The Earl married, secondly, February 14th, 1/88, Lady Anne
Rawdon, eldest daughter of John, late Earl of Moira, by Elizabeth
Hastings, late Baroness Hungerford and Hastings.

His Lordship, soon after his present Majesty's accession, was
appointed one of the lords of his beJ-chaniber j and is also colonel
of the Wiltshire militia. His Lordship, on June 8th> 17/6, was

EARL OF AYLESBURY. 129

created Earl of Aylesbury: on February 23d, 1780, he was
appointed lord lieutenant for the com. of Wilts.

Titles. Thomas Bruce Brudenel, Earl, of Aylesbury, and
Lord Bruce, of Tottenham.

Creations. Lord Bruce, of Tottenham in Wiltshire, April
17th, 1746, 19 Geo. II. ; and Earl of Aylesbury, June 8th, 1776,
16 Geo. III.

Arms. First and fourth j Or, a saltire and chief, Gules, on a
canton, Argent, a lion rampant, Azure, being the original arms
of Bruce, of Skelton ; second and third, Argent, a cheveron,
Gules, between three morions or steel caps, Azure, for Brudenel.

Crest. On a wreath, a lion passant, Azure.

Supporters. On each side, a savage, wreathed about the tem-
ples, and girt on the loins, with ivy, all proper, holding, in their
exterior hands, a banner, streaming over their heads, Or, charged
with a saltire and chief, Gules; on a canton, Argent, a lion,
rampant, Azure; the staff and point, proper.

Motto. Think and thank.

Chief Seat. At Tottenham park, adjoining to Savernake
forest, in Wiltshire,

yol, "v.

130

PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

VILLIERS EARL OF CLARENDON.

The descent of the ancient and noble family of Villiers is set
forth under the title of Earl of Jersey , where it is recited, that
William, second Earl of Jersey, having married Judith, only
daughter of Frederick Hern, of the city of London, Esq. his Lord-
ship, besides a daughter, Lady Barbara, had two sons, William
his successor, and,

Thomas, created Earl of Clarendon, who, on March 30th,
1752, wedded Lady Charlotte, daughter to William Capel, third
Earl of Essex, by his first Countess, Jane, the third but eldest
daughter (who lived to maturity) of Henry Hyde, the last Earl of
Clarendon and Rochester, by Jane his wife, youngest daughter to
Sir William Leveson Gower, and sister to John, late Earl Gower :
and by her Ladyship, (who at the death of her grandfather, the
*aid Earl of Clarendon, &c. became entitled to use the surname
and arms of Hyde) and who died September 3d, 1790, had three
ions.

First, the Hon. Thomas Villiers Hyde, born on December
26th, 1/53.

Second, the Honourable John Charles Villiers, born on No-
vember 14th, I757j member of parliament for Queenborough ;
chief justice in eyre, north of Trent ; and a privy counsellor;
married, January 5th, 1791* Maria Eleanor, youngest daughter
and coheiress of the late admiral John Forbes, only brother of the
fourth Earl of Granard, by Lady Mary Capel, daughter of William,
third Earl of Essex,

EARL OF CLARENDON. 131

Third, the Honourable George Villiers, born on November
23d, 1 ?5g ; paymaster of the marine forces j married, April 1/th,
1798, the Honourable Theresa Parker, sister of John Lord JBo-
ringdon, and has issue, of whom Frederick Adolphus, fourth son,
died November 2 1st, 1806.

And a daughter, Lady Charlotta Barbara, born March 27th,
3 761;

His Lordship, during the reign of King George II. was several
years minister at the courts of Dresden, Vienna, Berlin, and
divers other courts in the empire; and, in 1748, was constituted
one of the commissioners of the admiralty. At the general elec-
tion, in 1747j he was returned one of the burgesses to parliament
for Tamworth, in Staffordshire, and was chcsen for the same
place in 1754 : but his late Majesty was pleased, by letters patent
dated May 31st, J 75(5, to create him a peer of Great Britain, by
the name and style of Lord Hyde, of Hindon in Wiltshire, with
limitation to the heirs male of his body by the said Lady Char-
lotte, his wife ; and in default of such issue, the title of Baroness
Hyde, of Hindon, aforesaid, to devolve to the same Lady Char-
lotte, and the dignity of Baron Hyde, of Hindon, to the heirs male
of her body.

On September 2d, 17<53, he was sworn of his Majesty's most
honourable privy-council, and took his seat at the board accord-
ingly. On the 10th of that month, his Lordship was declared
joint postmaster-general with the late Viscount Hampden, and
continued in that office till July, 1765, when their Lordships
chose to resign. On June 14th, 1771., his Lordship was appointed
chancellor of the Duchy and Palatine courts of Lancaster, and on
June 8th, 177*5, was advanced to the dignity of an Earl of Great
Britain by the style and title of Earl of Clarendon, and to his
heirs male by Charlotte, his present wife.

His Lordship died December 11th, 1/86, and was succeeded
by his eldest son,

Thomas, present and second Earl of Clarendon, who,
while a commoner, sat in parliament for Helston, in Cornwall.

Titles. Thomas Villiers, Earl of Clarendon, and Lord Hyde.

Creations. Lord Hyde, of Hindon, in the county of Wilts,
May 31st, 1756, 29 Geo. II. 3 Earl of Clarendon, June 8th, 1776,
)6 Geo. III.

Arms. Argent, on a cross. Gules, five escallop shells, Or,
with a crescent tor distinction.

132 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND. i

Crest. On a wreath, a lion, rampant, Argent, ducally
, crowned, Or.

Supporters. Two eagles, sable, ducal]y crowned, Or; each
, charged, on the breast, with a cross, Argent.

Motto. FlDEI COTICULA CRUX.

Chief Seats. At Hindon in Wiltshire ; and Grove, near Wat-
ford, in Hertfordshire.

COUNTESS OF MANSFIELD.

133

MURRAY, COUNTESS OF MANSFIELD.

The Barony of Arngosk, alias Forgey, in the county of Fife*
though it has been possessed by the Murrays for many ages past,
yet in the more ancient times that estate belonged to the family of
Friseley. This is proved by a donation which Gilbertus de Frise-
ley, dominus de Forgey, made, " Deb & ecclesice beata Marice
de Cambuskenneth, & ibidem canonicis Deo servientibus, illam
partem terrce quce jacet propinquior domui, quce est sacerdotes in
territorio de Arngosk, una cum jure patronatus Ecclesice de Arn-
gosk? The deed is confirmed by William, bishop of St. An-
drew's, Die Mercurii proxima post festum exaltationis sanctce
crucis, 1281. a In which deed we meet with, Henricus de Frise-
ley, dominus de Forgey, who gave to the abbey and convent of
Cambuskenneth, Molendinum de Arngosk, pro salute animce suce.b
This donation bears date sexto calendas Augusti, 12Q5. After
Henry de Friseley there is Willielmus de Friseley, Miles, dominus
de Forgey, who ratifies the deed of his predecessor, of the mill of
Arngosk to the convent of Cambuskenneth, which is ratified by
a charter under the great seal of King Robert I. at Glasgow, de-
chno die Junii, anno regni sui nono, that is, the year of our Lord
1310.° From the Friseleys, the barony of Arngosk, and domi-
nium de Forgey, were transferred by the marriage of the heir
female to the Barclays, of Kippo, a branch of the once great and
powerful family of the Barclays, Lords of Brichen ; which subT
sisted in honour and lustre till the veign of King James IV. when

a Charta Cambuskenneth in Bibl. Jurid*
Ibidem, c Chartulary of Cambuskenneth.

134 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

James Barclay, of Kippo, died, and left only one daughter, his sole
heir, Margaret Barclay, domina de Arngosk et Balvaird, who
brought her estates to her husband Sir Andrew Murray, second
son of Sir William Murray, of Tillibardine, paternal ancestor to
the present Duke of Atholl, d in 14QQ. That she was sprung
from, and descended of the ancient Lords of Arngosk and Forgey,
appears from a deed, e dated December 2d, 1513. This Lady, on
the 24th of January, 1507, resigns into the hands of King James
IV. her whole estate for new infeoffments to herself, and Sir An-
drew Murray, her spouse, in life rents, and the fee to the heirs
procreated, or to be procreated, betwixt them. Upon the mar-
riage of Sir Andrew Murray with Dame Margaret Barclay, he did
not quarter the arms of the Barclays with those of the Murrays,
but composed them by placing the cross patee of the Barclays
betwixt the three mullets, as may be seen on the south aisle of the
collegiate church of Tillibardine, which was founded by this
gentleman, after he possessed the estates of Arngosk, Balvaird,
and Kippo. This Sir Andrew Murray left issue, by his wife,
aforesaid,

First, Sir David Murray, his eldest son and successor j second*
John of Conland, f which lands he held in vassalage of the fa-
mily ; and Elizabeth, married to Sir Archibald Douglas, of Kil-
spindy.

Sir David Murray, of Arngosk, the eldest son, married
Dame Janet Lindsay, daughter of John Lord Lindsay, of the
Byres, ancestor to the Earls of Crawford, by Dame Helen Stuart,
his wife, daughter of John Earl of Atholl -} by whom he had three
sons, viz. first, Sir Andrew, the heir of the family ; second, Wil-
liam, of Letterbanachie, and the paternal ancestor of the present
Earl of Mansfielc?, and Viscount Stormont, of whom afterwards ;
third, David, Portioner of Airdeth. This Sir David Murray, of
Arngosk, died in September, ] 550, and was succeeded by his son
and heir,

Sir Andrew Murray, of Arngosk, who, as we find, from a
very authentic deed and voucher, was one of the gentlemen that
were on the assize of Alexander Earl of Huntley, when he was
condemned (after his death) for the rebellion he had headed at
the battle of Corrichie, anno 1563.

In 1547, he married Dame Janet Graham, daughter of Wil-

* Charta penes Dominum Drummond. « Charta Cambuskenneth.

Charta in publicis Archiyis ad Annum 1526.

i

COUNTESS OF MANSFIELD. 135

liam Earl of Montrose, by whom he had issue, first, Sir Andrew,
of whom hereafter -, second, Sir David Murray, of Gospertie, who
was raised first to the honour of Lord Scone, and after that to the
dignity of discount Stormont-, third, Mr. Robert Murray, bred
to the service of the church, and had the benefice of the arch-
deanry of Dunkeld bestowed on him, by King James VI. the
better to enable him to prosecute, and carry on, his studies in the
view of serving in the church, but he died without issue j fourth,
Sir Patrick Murray, of Byn and Drumcairn, lieutenant of his Ma-
jesty's guards, and was frequently employed by the King in the
affairs of the church j more especially as to the settling episco-
pacy, s He married Dame Isabel Blair, of the house of Bathayock,
in Perthshire: but died without issue, in 1604, and his estate
came to the Lord Scone, his brother, who is served heir to him
in the year 1607. h

Sir Andrew Murray, of Arngosk, the father, died in anno
1576, ' and was succeeded by his son,

Sir Andrew Murray, of Arngosk, who was one of the gen-
tlemen of the bedchamber to King James VI. and in a very con-
siderable degree of confidence and favour with that Prince. k He
took a new investiture of his estate to himself in life-rent, and to
Andrew Murray, his son and heir apparent in fee, and to the
heirs male of his body, which failing, to David Murray, his brother-
german, and the heirs male of his body, and, on failure of these,
to Robert Murray, his brother-german, and to the heirs male of
his body, and these failing, to Patrick Murray, their brother-ger-
man, and the heirs male of his body, which failing, to David
Murray, Portioner of Airderth, his uncle. The charter passed
the great seal September 26th, 1560. l In this substitution it is
remarkable, that Sir Andrew Murray, of Arngosk, strikes out his
uncle, William Murray, of Letterbanachie, and his issue male,
from the succession, who was elder than David Murray, of Air-
deth, whom he substitutes directly and immediately after his own
brothers : but we see that some time after this, in a subsequent
settlement of the estate of the family, justice is done to David
Murray, son of William Murray, of Letterbanachie, and he is re-

b Spotswood and Calderwood's Ecclesiastical Histories..

•» Rotul. in Cancellaria, S. D- N. R,

' Charta penes Vicecomitem de Stormont.

k. Charta in publicis Archivis.

1 Charta penes Vicecomitem de Stormont, ac etiam in publicis Archivis.

13(5 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

stored in his due place and right of succession, before the issue
male of his uncle, David Murray, of Aiideth.

This Sir Andrew Murray, of Arngosk, married Margaret,
daughter of John Chrichton, of Strathurd, an ancient and consi-
derable family in the county of Perth j by whom he had Andrew,
his son and heir; and one daughter, Anne, married to Sir Mungo
Murray, the second Viscount of Stormont. To this Sir Andrew
Murray, of Arngosk, succeeded

Andrew, his son and heir, who was the first of the family
that relinquished the designation of Arngosk, and used the title
and designation of Balvaird. He took an investiture of his est te,
and is styled, " Andreas Murray de Balvaird, films et h seres
quondam domini Andrae Murray, de Arngosk, militis." He settle*
his whole estate on the heirs male of bis own body, and thc-se
failing, to Sir David Murray, of Gospertie, Knight, his Majesty's
comptroller, his uncle, and to the heirs male of his body j which
failing, to Robert Murray, his uncle, and the heirs male of his
body ; which failing, to David Murray, of Balgonie, his father's
eousin-german, son of William Murray, of Lett( rbanachie ; and
failing his heirs male, to another eousin-german of his father's,
William Murray, of Airdeth. The charter bears date the 8th of
May, 1604. This gentleman was heir apparent to the Viscount
Stormont, both in his estate and title. He married Margaret,
daughter of Sir William Monteith, of Carse : but died without
issue in 1 624, so that his estate devolved to his uncle, David, Vis-
count Stormont, who was served and retoured heir male to his
nephew some short time thereafter.

Sir David Murray, the first Viscount Stormont, was from
his youth bred at the court of King James VI. He was first made
cup-bearer to his Majesty, in which employment be soon rendered
himself very gracious to his master ; insomuch as in a few years
he was preferred to be master of the horse, and captain of the
guard, and being knighted, was made comptroller of the royal re-
venue in 1599. In this station he served his Majesty with great
diligence, fidelity, assiduity, and application. He had the honour
to be attending on his Majesty, from the palace of Faulkland to
the town of Perth, on the memorable 5th of August, 1600, when
the Earl of Gourie, and his brother, Mr. Ruthven, by an unpa-
ralleled attempt, thought to have embrued their hands in the
sacred blood of the King : this wicked design was, by a happy
Providence, defeated, just when it was upon the very point of
being executed, In his Majesty's happy preservation., Sir David

COUNTESS OF MANSFIELD. 137

Murray, the comptroller, was highly instrumental. At the same
time he did the court a piece of exceeding, acceptable service ;
for when the town of Perth were all in an uproar and tumult upon
the killing of the Earl of Gourie, who was their provost, he had
the chief hand with his friends, in composing the citizens, in
qurlling the tumult, and carrying the King and the court safe
back to,Faulkland.m

This accident, in which Sir David Murray had so great a share
of merit, laid a deep root with his Majesty, and begot such a con-
fidence as was never afterward shaken. He upon this came to
be considered as one of the first favourites, and in whom the
King could well repose the firmest confidence. His Majesty
came now to heap favours on him j he began with giving him the
barony of Ruthven, the chief seat of the Earl of Gourie; which
he called Huntingtower, and had come to the crown by the Earl's
forfeiture. Soon after that, he gave him the lands of the whole
abbey of Scone, of which the Earl of Gourie had been commen-
dator, n erected, united, and incorporated, into a temporal lordship
of Scone, with place, seat, and voice in parliament, and was there-
upon, with the greatest solemnity, invested in that honour the
7th of April, l6"05, by a special commission, directed to the Earl
of Dunfermling, the lord chancellor, to that effect. The cere-
mony was in presence of the Earls Angus, Sutherland, Marischal,
Linlithgow j the Lords Fleming, Drummond, and Thirlestane :
the erection of the lordship of Scone was confirmed to the Lord
Scone by a speci&l act of parliament in ]6o6. ° Quickly after
this, his Majesty was graciously pleased to bestow en him the
office of Ranger, or-the rangery of the Lommonds, the forestry of
the woods, and the old castle-steed of Fauikland, 9 and several
other beneficial grants.

The King, well knowing the Lord Scone to be a man of more
than ordinary courage and resolution, made choice of him to re-
present his royal person as high commissioner in several of the
general assemblies of the church, where he deported himseif so
boldly and resolutely in the King's service, that he had a peculiar
hand in carrying through things that met with very high opposi-
tion in reference to the settling a Liturgy, and in bringing the
church of Scotland to some nearer degrees of uniformity with the
church of England, which the King had set his heart so much

m History of Gourie's Conspiracy. , Charta in publicis Archivis.

0 Charta penes Vicecoinkem de Stormont. p Ibidem.

138 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND

upon, and could not well have been brought about by a man of
less resolution and spirit than that Lord. * His Lordship shewed
no less zeal in promoting the King's service in the parliament,
1621, when the decrees of the church came to receive the sanc-
tion of law. As soon as the five articles of the Perth assembly
passed into laws, the Lord Scone was dispatched to court, to in-
form his Majesty of the success of his instructions, by the Marquis
of Hamilton, his Majesty's high commissioner. To commemorate
his long and faithful services, his Majesty was graciously pleased
to raise him to the honour of Viscount Stormont, by letters patent
bearing date the 16th of August, l62l.r The dignity is limited
to the heirs male, which would have carried the peerage to his
nephew, Sir Andrew Murray, of Balvaird, as he had long in-
tended, for he never had any children of his own. But there is no
absolute happiness in this sublunary world ; for, in 1654, he re-
ceived a great domestic affliction in his own family, by the death
of his nephew, Sir Andrew Murray, of Balvaird, to whom the
Viscount himself succeeded. This accident altered all his schemes
of the succession of his honour and estate, and made him take
new measures ; for as he by the King's favour got his honours,
after his death, conveyed to Sir Mungo Murray, son to the Earl
of Tillibardine, who bad married his niece, and to the heirs male
of his body, and failing these, to John Earl of Annandale and his
heirs male, and in failure of these, to his own heirs male, and his
estate of conquest ; so, moved from principles of honour and con-
science, to preserve his family of Balvaird in the line of the heirs
male, he adopted for his nephew his cousin-german's son, Mr.
Andrew Murray, then minister at Ebdie, son to David Murray, of
Balgonie and Kippo, and immediately settled on him the fee of
the estate of Balvaird, &c.

His other estate of conquest he provided, together with his
title of honour, as we observed, to Sir Mungo Murray, and, after
him, to the Earl of Annandale, and after their respective heirs
male to Mr. Andrew Murray, of Balvaird, his own heir male.
The crown countenanced all these settlements of the Viscount of
Stormont: and thereupon Sir Mungo Murray, his heir of entail,
came to be designed master of Stormont, as much as if he had
been the Viscount's own son, even in his lifetime.

David, the first Viscount of Stormont, married Elizabeth,

1 Spotswood and Calderwood's Histories of the Church.
r Charta in publicis rotulis, ad annum, 1621.

COUNTESS OF MANSFIELD. 139

daughter of Sir David Beaton,, of Crich, in the county of Fife;
but dying on the 2/th of August, 1 63 1 , was interred in a vault
within the church of Scone, on the 23d of September following,
under a noble and magnificent monument erected by himself many
years before his death, with this inscription upon a tablet of black
marble.

n The Right Honourable Sir David Murray, of Gospertie,
Knight, son to Sir Andrew Murray, of Balvaird; his grandsire,
brother to the Earl of Tillibardine ; his mother, daughter to the
Earl of Montrose; his good dame of the father, daughter to the
Lord Lindsay ; his good dame of the mother, daughter to the Earl
Marischal ; who for his good services done to King James VI.
whom he faithfully served from his youth in many honourable
employments, from a cup-bearer, master of his horses, master of
his house, comptroller of his rents, captain of his Majesty's guards,
one of his honourable privy-council, was created Lord Scone. He
married dame Elizabeth Beaton, an ancient Baron's daughter, of
Crich, died without issue, left his estate to his nephew, of Bal-
vaird, and to dame Agnes Murray, his niece, whom he married to
a brother of the Earl of Tillibardine's, from whom he first de-
scended. He helped his other friends, who enjoy the fruits of his
labour; his buildings pruifs he was politique; good men knew
he loved virtue, and malefactors that he maintained justice. He
founded this hospital, and builded this church ; his soul enjoys
happiness : and under this tomb, builded by himself, lyeth his
body, expecting the joyful resurrection."

To David, the first Viscount of Stormont, succeeded, as heir
of provision and entail,

Mungo, second Viscount of Stormont, aforesaid. He married
Anne, only daughter of Sir Andrew Murray, of Balvaird, brother
to the first Viscount, and after her death, Anne, daughter of John
Earl of Weems, widow of Alexander Lindsay, of Edzle, but had
no issue; and departing this life in September, 1642, the lord-
ship of Scone, and the honour of Viscount of Stormont, came to
James, then Earl of Annandale. in virtue of the Viscount's desti-
nation ; and so being the lesser dignity, it was immerged in the
higher honour of the Earl of Annandale, who dying without issue,
in the year 1658, the honour of Viscount of Stormont was again
revived, and devolved to David, then Lord Balvaird, heir male

I

140 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

and of entail to David, the first Lord Scone, and Viscount of
Stormont.

The ancestor of the Lord Balvaird was William Murray, of
Letterbanachie, second son to Sir David Murray, of Arngosk, and
dame Janet Lindsay, his wife, daughter of John Lord Lindsay,
and uncle to David, first Viscount of Stormont. This is vouched,
and clearly proved, from a charter granted by his brother, Sir
Andrew Murray, of Arngosk, " Willielmo Murray, fratri suo
germano, de ten is de Letterbanachie, in vicecomitatu de Perth, et
haeredibus suis, in the year 1553/'s

This William Murray, of Letterbanachie, who was the second
brother of the family of Arngosk, allied in marriage with the
house of Oliphant ; f and had Andrew Murray, of Letterbanachie,
his eldest son, who died without issue, and

David, the second son, who was heir to his father, and at dif-
ferent times fs designed David Murray de Linthill, de Balgony,
and Kippo. There is a charter, wherein he calls himself " David
Murray de Balgony, filius et haeres, quondam Wiellielmi Murray,
de Letterbanachie "u He is, by this designation, substitute in an
investiture of the estate of Balvaird, in favour of Sir Andrew Mur-
ray, of Balvaird, in the year 1604, to wnom he was cousin-ger-
man ; and is placed before David Murray, Portioner of Airdeth,
whom Sir Andrew calls his uncle, his father's brother, and who
was an immediate younger brother to William Murray, of Letter-
banachie. This David Murray, of Balgony, came after that to
acquire," from the family of Balvaird, the estate of Kippo in Fife.
This gentleman married Agnes Moncrief, daughter to the Laird
of Moncrief of that Ilk, x by whom he had jssue,

Gilbert Murray, his eldest son, who died without issue 3 Mr.
Andrew Murray, afterwards Lord Balvaird ; William, David, and
Catharine, married to John Arnot, of Pitouie.

Mr. Andrew Murray, afterward Lord Balvaird, was bred to
the church, and taking holy orders, he was soon after instituted
minister of Ebdie, in the shire of Fife, in the year i6l8. y Upon
the death of Sir Andrew Murray, of Balvaird, the presumptive
heir of the Viscount of Stormont, and his Lordship having no
issue of his own, nor hopes of any, he from henceforth considered
Mr. Murray as his heir male, as indeed he was. The Viscoupt

■ Charta penes Jacobum Murray de Abevcairny.

t Herald Books. Penes Abercairny, ad annum 161 2.

* Charta penes Vicecomitem de Stormont. y Ibidem,

COUNTESS OF MANSFIELD. 141

now moved from principles of honour and conscience, to preserve
his paternal estate entire in the blood and line of the family, how-
ever he should dispose of his other conquests, did, upon his ne-
phew's death, take a new investiture of the estate of,Balvaird and
Arngosk to himself in life-rent, and the fee to the heirs male of
his body ; which failing, to Mr. Andrew Murray, minister at
Ebdie : this deed is dated November 26rh, 1625. * Accordingly,
as heir of the investiture, he succeeded the Viscount Stormont,
his cousin, in that part of his estate, on his death, in the year J 631 .
Immediately after that, he gets a charter of his whole estate,
(which was now very considerable) and which he provides to the
heirs male of his body j which failing, to the heirs male of the
body of Gilbert, William, and David Murray,, his brothers, re-
spectively. This charter is dated July 14th, 1632. z At the so-
lemnity of the coronation of King Charles I. on the 18th of June,
1633, Mr. Murray, of Balvaird, the minister of Ebdie, was one of
those gentlemen the King conferred the honour of knighthood on,
though he was an actual minister at the time : Mr. Murray was
esteemed, and had the character of a wise, grave, prudent, and
pious man, and well disposed to the whole frame of the govern-
ment, and the constitution as established by law. Possessed with
all these qualities, he was pitched on as a very proper member for
{he assembly of Glasgow in the year 1638, where, by his temper,
authority, and moderation, he studied all that was possible to allay
the heats, and compose the differences that were there agitated
with so much warmth and zeal in reference to episcopacy, and the
government of the church by bishops. His conduct and beha-
viour was much taken notice of by his Majesty's commissioner,
the Marquis of Hamilton, insomuch as the Marquis was pleased
to give the King a very good character of Sir Andrew Murray, as
a clergyman well disposed to peace, for healing breaches, and
much averse from carrying matters to extremities on either side.
Though he still leaned to the King's side, he continued to sit in
the assembly till the commissioner thought fit to leave, them, and
he then retired with others of the brethren, who were not inclined
or disposed to >make those alterations in the constitution of the
church that were carried through, and driven on by the remain-
ing part of the assembly. However, he took the covenant, when
it was enjoined by authority, as the only means that was left for

y CharU penes Vicecomitem de Stormont. *. Ibidem.

142 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

preserving the peace and tranquillity of the kingdom, which was
then strangely divided.

In the year 1641, when the King came down to hold the par-
liament, in his own royal person, to cement all differences, to re-
dress all grievances, and to give a general satisfaction, at the end
of the session he was pleased to create several peers, and, amongst
the rest, Sir Andrew Murray, of Balvaird, was created Lord BaU
vaird, by letters patent, the 14th of November, 1641 : a soon after
this he got a very considerable estate, the barony of Stormont, by
the death of his cousin, Mungo Viscount of Stormont, to whom
he is served and retoured heir of Thailie and Provision in that
barony, in May, l6-J3.b With all this accession of wealth and
honour, he, notwithstanding, continued still to exercise his pas-
toral function in the ministry, at the parish of Ebdie, till his dying
day. The troubles that ensued, and the fatal breach between the
King and the parliament, had a considerable influence on his
health, and quickly hastened him to his grave. His testament is
dated September 24th, 1644, c and his death happened in three or
four days after. . He married Elizabeth, daughter of David, the
iirst Earl of Southesk, by whom he had issue,

David Lord Balvaird, his eldest son and successor, thereafter
Viscount of Stormont.

Sir Andrew Murray, of Pitlochie, of whom is Murray, of Mur-
rayshall, in Perthshire.

• James Murray, Esq. the third son, was a doctor of medicine,
a man of learning and reputation in his profession. He left a
daughter, his heir, who was married to Dr. Robert Carmichael,
of Bamblae, mother by him to Dr. James Carmichael, of Bam-
blae.

Sir John Murray, of Drumcairn, the fourth son, who was
educated to the profession of the law, and after he had long prac-
tised at the bar with reputation, learning, and integrity, he was
promoted to be one of the senators of the college of justice, where
he continued till the revolution. He left a daughter, Elizabeth,
who was the first wife of Francis, Earl of Murray.

Mr. William Murray, the fifth son, was a famous and cele-
brated lawyer before the court of session, and was esteemed one

a The Book in the Registers, where these patents have been inserted, is
tprn out, but the Minute Book has it marked November 14.

b In Archiris. s Charta pence vicecomitem de Stormont.

COUNTESS OF MANSFIELD. 143

of the first men of that pofession in his time. The Lord Balvaird
had also three daughters,

Catherine, the eldest, died unmarried.

Barbara, the second, was married to Andrew Lord Grey, of
Foulis, and had issue.

Margery, the third, was married to Sir Alexander Gibson, of
Durie, by whom he had only one daughter, his heir, who was
married to John Murray, of Polmais, in the county of Stirling, a
very ancient family of the Murrays.

David, the second Lord Balvaird, and at length fourth Vis-
count Stormont, succeeded his father in his estate and honour : he
was a high royalist, and adhered to the interest of the royal family,
when it was at the lowest ebb of fortune, with inflexible fidelity.
This exposed him to the resentment of Cromwell, who, when he
imposed fines on all men of rank and condition that favoured the
King's interest, in 1654, the Lord Balvaird was fined 1500/.
sterling. d

On the death of James Murray, Earl of Annandale, and third
Viscount Stormont, (as has been before observed) he succeeded to
the honour and dignity of Viscount of Stormont, and to the lord-
ship of Scone. He married Jean, daughter of James, the second
Earl of Southesk, and widow of James Earl of Annandale, afore-
said, by whom he had David, his son and heir; and two daughters,
Catharine, who was married to William Earl of Kintore; and
Amelia, who died unmarried. He died July 10th, 1667, and
was succeeded by his said only son,

David, fifth Viscount Stormont, and third Lord Balvaird, a
nobleman of excellent natural and acquired endowments, strict
honour, and unstained probity. He married Margery, only
daughter of David Scot, of Scotstarvet,e heir male of the noble
family of Buccleuch, by Nicolas, his first wife, only daughter of
Sir John Grierson, of Lagg, and of his wife Isabel, one of the
daughters and heirs of Robert Lord Boyd; whereby the present
Earl of Mansfield is one of the heirs of line of Sir James Mur-
ray, of Cockpool, elder brother of John Murray, of Dundrennen,
afterwards Viscount of Annan, and Earl of Annandale, the said
Sir John Grierson's mother being the eldest daughter of Sir James
Murray, of Cockpool. By the said Margery he had six sons;

<> Cromwell's act of Indemnity.
« Charta penes David Scot de Scotstarvet.

144 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

first, David, his successor; second, James, who served in the
fourth parliament of Great Britain and last or" Queen Anne, for
the boroughs of Jnverury, Kintore, &c. and was returned for the
same to the next parliament, being the first called by King
George I. ; third, John, who died young j fourth, William, the
first Earl of Mansfield, of whom hereafter; fifth, Charles;
and, sixth, Robert ; who both died without issue. His Lordship,
by the same Lady, had also eight daughters; first, Catharine;
second, Elizabeth ; who both died unmarried ; third, Margery,
wedded to colonel John Hay, of Cromlix, third son of Thomas,
sixth Earl of Kinnoul, and brother to George Henry, first Lord
Hay, of Pedvvardin, and seventh Earl of Kinnoul ; fourth, Emilia,
married to Sir Alexander Lindsay, of Evelie, in the county of
Perth, Bart. ; fifth, Margaret ; sixth, Jane, died unmarried ;
seventh, Helen Nicholas, who died at Edinburgh, November 7tb,
1777^ unmarried ; and, eighth, Mary, who died unmarried. This
David Viscount Stormont died November 9th, 1731, and was suc-
ceeded in dignity and estate by his eldest son,

David, sixth Viscount Stormont, who distinguished himself
by his extensive learning and knowledge, as well as by his great
integrity. This noble peer espoused Anne, daughter and sole heir
of John Stuart, of Innernytie, Esq. and by her Ladyship had two.
sons, and two daughters, viz. first, David, seventh Viscount Stor-
mont, and second Earl of Mansfield; second, James; Anne, and
Margery.

David, the eldest son, above-mentioned, succeeding his father
in 1/48, became seventh Viscount Stormont. His Lordship gave
early proofs of taste for polite literature, and capacity for public
business. In the late reign he was envoy extraordinary and ple-
nipotentiary to the court of Poland ; and after the 'accession of his
present Majesty, he was nominated one of the ambassadors to the
proposed congress at Augsburg; and, after the conclusion of the
peace, was sworn of his Majesty's privy-council, and constituted
ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary to the court of
Vienna ; and afterwards resided in the same character at the court
of Versailles, until the conduct of that court, in publicly assisting
his Majesty's American subjects in their attempt to become inde-
pendent, occasioned his recal, and the commencement of hosti-
lities. His Lordship was afterwards appointed lord justice general
of the court of justiciary in Scotland.

William, Earl Mansfield, fourth son of David, fifth Vis-

COUNTESS OF MANSFIELD. 145

coiinr, was educated at Westminster-school, and after going
through the usual course of study there, he went, in 1724, to
Christ-church college in the University of Oxford, and continued
a student in that house for several years. In 1728, he made a
celebrated exercise in verse, to which the first prize was adjudged;
which shewed that he might have excelled in poetry, if he had
not applied to better employment., which Mr. Pope alludes to in
some well-known lines.

He travelled abroad j and afterwards studied the law in Lin-
coln's Inn, London, of which society he was a member.

In 1/3 J, he was called to the bar, and very early came into
full business of the highest kind. There Was very little interval
between his first appearance, and his being universally resorted to,
upon all matters of consequence.

What is rarely the lot of any of that profession, happened to
him. He came into business immediately, and began at the top.
The ground, which fortune had given him, he maintained with
great applause. He grew every day in reputation j and made a
shining figure at the bar, upon many very public, solemn, and in-
teresting occasions.

In November, 1742, he was appointed solicitor-general.

He was a member of the house of commons from that time,
till he was called to the house of peers j and took a principal and
most distinguished part in all the debates of consequence.

In April, 1754, he was constituted attorney-general. It is still
remembered, that, during jiie time he held this office, he suc-
ceeded in many causes^-civil and criminal, for the King j and never
lost one, because he made it a rule, that the King should always
be clearly in the right, and the moment the case appeared, in his
own opinion, a doubtful or measuring cast, he gave it up.

On November 8th, 1750, he was nominated lord chief justice
of England j and immediately after he was sworn into that office,
the great seal was put to a patent (which had before passed the
proper offices) creating his Lordship Baron of Mansfield, in
the county of Nottingham, with limitation to the heirs male of
his body.

From that time, the business in the court of King's Bench
Was immense. Nothing hung undecided. There never was a
difference of opinion in the court j and they never had a judg-
ment reversed.

His Lordship was sworn of the privy-council, in a day or two*

VOL. V. L

14(5 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

after he was constituted chief justice; and, after that time, the
council relied upon his assistance, almost singly, in the determi-
nation of all causes relating to the plantations or prizes.

The precision, the impartiality, the consummate knowledge,
the clear discernment, and the dispatch, with which the latter
were determined, (generally upon reasons given in public) were
the admiration of the whole world, and have produced universal
acquiescence and satisfaction, both at home and abroad; though
the number was incredible, the value prodigious (amounting to
millions sterling) and the questions various and of the most ar-
duous nature ; „ and notwithstanding that in the beginning the
captors were disposed to be clamorous and unreasonable, and
foreign nations to be jealous, suspicious, and so diffident of the
jurisdiction as to dispute it.

His Lordship was also called to the cabinet-council of the late
King, and of his present Majesty, by whom he was advanced to
the dignity of an Earl of Great Britain, on October 19th, 177®> by
the style and title of Earl of Mansfield, and to his male issue;
and for want of such issue, to Louisa Viscountess Stormont and
her issue male, by David Viscount Stormont.

He resisted every temptation in the state, rather than quit the
line of an independent profession. He was called to all the offices,
which he executed, without a competitor; rather for the sake
of others than his own. He never took any grant or emolu-
ment from the late King, to himself or any person belonging to
him.

In April, 1757* he was appointed for some time chancellor of
the Exchequer.

In November, 1758, his Lordship was elected a governor of
the Charter-house, in the room of Charles Spencer, Duke of
Marlborough, deceased.

His Lordship retired from the King's Bench in June, 1788,
and died March 20th, 1793, at the great age of eighty-eight.

Dr. Bisset has given the following character of this celebrated
man.

" During the recess (1788), that illustrious sage, who had so
long presided over the judicial decisions of his country, in the
eighty-fourth year of his age, thought that many years of labour,
without reproach, might be followed by a few years of rest, and
retired from the judicative bench. For comprehending the law of
jhis particular country, William Murray, a man of the most acute

COUNTESS OF MANSFIELD. 147

and extensive genius, had prepared himself by a profound study
of history, general ethics, the philosophy of jurisprudence, inves-
tigation of human passions and conduct, and the civil law, on
which the judicial institutions of so great a part of modern Europe
are founded. On this basis he raised his superstructure of know-
ledge of the English code : to the depths of legal science, the ac-
curacy and extent of juridical details, he added the pleasing and
impressive accomplishments of an engaging, graceful, and per-
suasive eloquence. From such an union and extent of qualifica-
tions, Mr. Murray very early rose to most distinguished practice.
With such opportunities of observing the circumstances of society,
of civil actions and engagements, and criminal perpetrations, his.
penetrating and comprehensive mind saw that the progress of
social, and especially commercial intercourse, was producing new
combinations, which had not been specifically foreseen when the
laws applied to such subjects were enacted ; therefore he inferred,
that the essential principles of justice required such a latitude of
interpretation, as would render existing laws applicable to new
cases. The intelligent reader must know, that there are two
great standards of judicial interpretation j the one the autho-
rity of custom, decision, and statute, according to literal defini-
tion ; the other, according to the general principles of equity,
construing particular law, unwritten or written, in such a way as
best to answer the great ends of justice. The close precision of
English reasoning has diffused itself through municipal institu-
tions, and combining with the English accurate sense of justice,
has, in the great body of the law, made so specific provisions for
all cases, when the laws were enacted, likely to occur, that it may
be safely advanced as a general position, that in every question
within the knowledge, foresight, and intent of our law-givers, the
more nearly the decision follows- tl?e letter of the law, th« more
fully will the purposes of justice be answered : but when combi-
nations of engagements and conduct arise, which law-givers have
not specifically anticipated, and on which the judge is called to
give decision, he must apply the constructive character of the civil
law. The personage before us, partly from his education, in a
great measure from having to meet subjects of judicial inquiry,
to which neither decisions nor decrees could precisely apply; and,
perhaps, also partly from that comprehensive genius, which in
seeking its ends might less require customary details than ade-
quacy of meansj verged more to a constructive than a literal in-

148 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

terpretation : but his judgments were just; they repaired injuries,
compensated losses, and punished crimes ; they confirmed civil
rights, repressed vice, supported virtue, promoted the order and
tranquillity of society. The most fertile sources of new cases,
during the long judicial supremacy of this eminent judge, were
commerce with its subordinate arts and instruments. In consi-
dering the various and diversified contracts of this kind, which
neither precedents nor statutes could solve, Lord Mansfield re-
curred to a very clear principle of ethics ; that where the terms of
covenants do not precisely ascertain the extent and obligations,
general custom is the most equitable rule of construction. This
principle he applied to delivery of goods, insurances, wharfages,
bottomry, and an infinite diversity of mercantile and maritime
transactions. In the great department of commercial jurispru-
dence, this illustrious judge formed a code of decisions, digested
into a complete system, and may well be styled the Justinian of
Commercial Law. Lord Mansfield, with a sagacity almost intui-
tive, apprehended the scope, unravelled the intricacies, and under-
stood the nature of a case; discerned whether it was common or
new ; and if new, by what general principle or analogy of law its
merits were to be ascertained. In his charges to juries, he made
the evidence and arguments on both sides,, and their comparative
force, so very clear, and also the reasons and rules on which he
formed his judgment, that every hearer of common understanding
must be master of the cause, and of the judge's view of the cause j
and as his principles of judgment, the result of combined know-
ledge and wisdom, were uniform, by hearing one charge of deci-
sion, you were assured of the decision which he would give in any
similar case. The acute penetration of this sage was very happily
exerted in eliciting truth from unwilling witnesses ; and in the
course.of his judicial services he was very successful in repress-
ing, not only a great variety of individual attempts at perjury, but
in preventing the commission of that crime in certain classes of
subjects, in which it was before universally prevalent. This
judge, thoroughly comprehending, not only the general object,
but the special compartments of his office, very carefully distin-
guished between the duties of a civil and criminal magistrate. In
the former relation he confined his consideration, at least so far as
it dictated his charge to juries, to the damage sustained by the
plaintiff, without adducing the conduct of the defendant as a rea-
son for enhancing damages beyond the actual injury, the repara~

COUNTESS OF MANSFIELD. \4g

(ion of which was, and must be, the sole ground of a civil action.
He did not confound redress for a private wrong with punishment
for a public wrong ; but by keeping the administration of civil
and criminal justice separate, as intended and prescribed by law,
he most effectually answered the purposes of both. Lord Mans-
field was frequently reproached with attempting to increase the
influence and power of the crown, and was exposed to great ob-
loquy from factious demagogues, who directed and inflamed the
populace at the time: but on investigation it was found, that
his opinions of the law of libels were those that had been re-
ceived by former lawyers and judges; that if not precisely cor-
rect, they were by no means of his invention, but adopted on
very eminent authority. With talents to excel in any depart-
ment, professional excellence was what Lord Mansfield chiefly
sought, and sought with the greatest success. As a politician, his
Lordship aspired not to the eminence which his abilities could
have so easily attained ; and he never was a leader. The mea*
sures which he supported during various periods, especially the
administration of Lord North and his predecessors, were not thos$
on which his character for wisdom could be founded. As an
orator he shone brightly, but not unrivalled ; though equalled by
few, he was by one surpassed. The engaging and graceful per-
suasion of a Murray yielded to the commanding force of a Pitt.
But as a judge he earned the highest fame, by combining philo-
sophy and detail, by instantaneously and completely comprehend-
ing the case 3 and by accurate discrimination, which, though de-
viating somewhat from the letter of the laws, bounded his con-
structions by the lines of equity and justice. In him you could
not always find his precedents in the law reports, or his. rules in
the statutes at large, when neither would apply j but must recog-
nize his principles and criteria of determination in the immutable
laws of reason and rectitude. Lord Mansfield's procedure of the
bench was, on the whole, the best that could be adopted by him-
self, or any other judge of consummate wisdom : how far, as a
general model, it ought to be followed by all judges, might be a
matter of doubtful inquiry. Perhaps, on the whole, unless a
judge be uncommonly sagacious and able, literal interpretation,
keeping as closely as possible to precedent and statute, if in some
cases it may be an obstacle to the completely right, yet in a much
greater variety is a preventive of wrong." f

f Bisset's Reign of Geo. III.

150 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

In September, 1738, his Lordship married the Lady Elizabeth
Finch, one of the daughters of Daniel, sixth Earl of "VVinchelsea,
and second Earl of Nottingham -, but had no issue by her, who
died in 1/84.

His Lordship having been created an English Earl, with re-
mainder to Louisa Viscountess Stormont, on the idea then preva-
lent, that no English peerage could be limited to a Scotch peer*
even in remainder, was as soon as a contrary doctrine wras esta-
blished by law, created Earl of Mansfield by another patent
dated August 11th, 1792, with remainder to his nephew, himself,
David, Viscount Stormorit, which

David, Viscount Stormont, succeeded his uncle accordingly
as second Earl of Mansfield, having succeeded his father
in the Scotch Viscounty in 1748. His Lordship, having em-
braced a public life was ambassador to Paris in 17/2 j and on
October 27th, 1779* was appointed one of the secretaries of state,
in which high office he remained till the change of ministry in
1782. In the coalition ministry, 1783, he was appointed presU
dent of the council. His Lordship died September 1st, l*jg6,
leaving the character of an industrious, well-informed, and able
statesman.

His Lordship, married, first, Henrietta Fredcrica, daughter of
Henry Count Bunau, in Saxony j and by her, who died March
16th, 1767, had a daughter, Lady Elizabeth Mary, bom May
18th, 1760, who married, December 10th, 1785, George Finch
I^atton, Esq. of Eastwell-paik, in Kent, by whom she has issue
several sons and daughters, of which the eldest is married to
major-general the Hon. Charles Hope.

His Lordship married, secondly, Louisa, daughter of Charles,
late Lord Cathcart -, who succeeded as Countess of Mansfield
by the first patent given to the first Earl, and is since married to
the Honourable Robert Fulke Grevile, next brother to George,
Earl of Warwick, by whom she has issue.

See title Earl of Mansfield, for her issue by her first husband,
of whom see a more particular account under that title.

Title. Louisa Grevile, Countess of Mansfield.
•Creation, Countess of Mansfield, October 19th, 1770.

EARL OF ABERGAVENNY. 151

NEVILLE, EARL OF ABERGAVENNY.

In illustrious antiquity, great and numerous honours, flourishing
branches, and mighty power, scarcely any family can vie with
the splendour possessed in former ages by the Nevilles. Camden
has observed, that from hence sprung six Earls of Westmoreland,
two Earls of Salisbury and Warwick, an Earl of Kent, a Marquis
Montacute, a Baron Ferrers of Oversley, Barons Latimer, Barons
Abergavenny, one Queen, five Duchesses, to omit Countesses and
Baronesses, an Archbishop of York, and a great number of inferior
gentlemen.

The Nevilles are descended by the male line from GosrA-
tric, Earl of Northumberland. This great Earl, who was son
and heir of Maldred, who married Algitha, daughter and heir
of Uchthred, Earl of Northumberland, by Algiva, daughter of
King Ethelred of England -, (which Maldred, was son of Crinan,
one of the greatest and most opulent families in. the North of
England,) obtained from King William the Conqueror the Earl-
dom of Northumberland -, but soon after unable to endure the
austerity of the King's power, fled to Scotland, taking with him
young Edgar Atheling, and Agatha his mother, and also Margaret
and Christian his sisters. He was kindly received by King Mal-
colm Canmore, who gave him the lands and manor of Dunbar in
East Lothian, and several baronies in Berwickshire. His future
conduct and behaviour shewed that King Malcolm's favours were
not misplaced ; for he served him faithfully, and contributed
greatly to establish peace and order in the kingdom. His sons
were,

First, Dolphinus.

152 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

Second, Waldevus, or Waltheof.

Third, Cospatric, created Earl of Dunbar in Scotland, whence
are descended the great Scotch families of £>unbar and Horned

Dolphinus, eldest son, had issue

Maldred, b whose son was ,

Rorert Fitz-Maldred, who married Isabel, sister and heir of
Henry de Neville, who died without issue, 11 Hen. III.

This Henry de Neville was descended from Gilbert de
Nevil, a Norman, who came into England with the Conqueror ^
being said to be his admiral \ though his name does not occur in
Domesday-book. He was father of Geffrey de Nevil, whose
son Geffrey c married Emma, daughter and heir of Bertram de
Bulmer, a great Baron in the north ; by whom he had the above
Henry, and Isabel, wife of Robert Fitz-Maldred. By this Isabel,
Robert Fitz-Maldred had issue

Geffrey, their son and heir, who in consequence of the great
inheritance he derived from his mother, assumed the surname of
Neville. He had issue

Robert de Neville, his son and heir, who was governor of the
castles of Norham and Werke, 42 Hen. III. and warden of the
King's forests beyond Trent, 45 Hen. III. In that turbulent
year, 47 Hen. III. this great Baron was made captain general of
all the King's forces beyond Trent, &c. But in 50 Hen. III. he
fell off" to the rebellious Barons, for which defection he was soon
pardoned. He died 10 Edw. I. having had by Ida, his wife> relict
of Robert Bertram,

Robert de Neville, his son and heir apparent, who died
before him, having married Mary, eldest daughter and coheir of
Ralph Fitz-Randulph, Lord of Middleham, by whom he left issue

Ranulph de Nevile, who succeeded his grandfather Robert,
and held Raby with the eight adjoining lordships, of the prior of
Durham, by the yearly rent of four pounds and a stag. He died
April 18th, 1331, 5 Edw. III. leaving by his first wife Eufemia,
daughter of Sir John de Clavering,

Ralph, his surviving son and heir, who like his ancestors had
many disputes with the prior of Durham, about the offering of the
^tag, for his tenure, and the degree of entertainment which he

» Douglas's Peerage of Scotland, p 440, &c.

*» This generation is left out by Dugdale ; but the addition of Fitx-Mal-
4red to the name of his son seems to prove it.

c There were other great families of the name of Neville, of whom some*
account is given by Dugdale.

EARL OF ABERGAVENNY. 153

claimed, upon Holy Rood-day, on which there grew an old song
in rhyme, as a lamentation for Robert de Neville, his great grands
father :

t( Wei I wa, sal ys Homes blaw

Holy Rode this day;
Nou es he dede, and lies law

Was wont to Haw tham ay.,%

He was at one time steward of the King's household, and in
many great state employments. He was at one time taken pri-
soner in a skirmish with the Scots at Berwick, and carried to
Dunbar, where he continued for some time in custody of Patrick,
Earl of Dunbar. In 20 Edw. III. he had an eminent command
in the battle of Durham against the Scots. In 33 Edw. III. he
attended the King to France. He died 41 Edw. III. and was
buried in Durham Cathedral. He married Alice, daughter of
Hugh de Audley, who re-mairied Ralph Lord Greystock, and
died 13/4. By her he had

John de Neville, his son and heir, who served several time9
in the wars of France with a great retinue. In 2 Rich. II. he was
constituted lieutenant of the duchy of Aquitaine, &c. It is re-
ported that he was sometime employed against the Turks ; and
that, being lieutenant of Aquitaine, he reduced that province to
quiet, which had been wasted by wars with the French j and that
in his service in those parts he won, and had rendered to him,
eighty-three walled towns, castles, and forts. He died J 7th Oc-
tober, 12 Rich. II. He married, first, Maud, daughter of Lord
Percy, by whom he had,

First, Ralph, his son and heir.

Second, Thomas de Neville, afterwards Lord Furnival, in
right of his wife Joan, sole daughter and heir of William Furnival,
Lord Furnival, who died 6 Rich. II. He died about 14 Hen. IV.
leaving two daughters his coheirs ; Joan ; and Maud, wife of
Sir John Talbot, whence descended the Earls of Shrewsbury.

He married, secondly, Elizabeth, daughter and heir of William
Lord Latimer, by whom he had John Lord Latimer.

Ralph de Neville, son and heir, before-mentioned, was ad-
vanced to the title of Earl of Westmorland, 21st December, 21
Rich. II. and was constituted Earl Marshal of England, 1 Hen.
IV. Having filled many high offices, he died possessed of a vast
estate, 21st October, 4 Hen. VI. By two wives he had a very
large family.

154 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

He married, first, Margaret, daughter of Hugh Earl Stafford;
and by her, who died June pth, 1370, had issue,

First, John, son and heir apparent, an active warrior, who
having married Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Holland, Earl of
Kent, died before his father, 1423, leaving, first, Ralph, second
Earl ; second, John, father of Ralph, third Earl.

Second, Ralph, who married Mary, daughter and coheir of
Sir William Ferrers of Oversley, from whose heirs descended
William Wentworth, the celebrated Earl of Strafford.

Third, Matilda, wife of Peter de Mauley.

Fourth, Alice, wife of Thomas Grey, of Heton, and afterwards
of Gilbert de Lancaster.

Fifth, Philippa, wife of Thomas Lord Dacre.

Sfxtb, Margaret, wife Richard Lord Scrope, of Bolton.

Seventh, Anne, wife of Sir Gilbert Umfraville, Knight.

Eighth, Margery, abbess at Barking.

Ninth, Elizabeth, a nun at the Minories, London.

This great Earl married, secondly, Joan, daughter of John of
Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, widow of Sir Robert Ferrers, of Overs-
ley, and by her had issue,

Tenth, Richard de Neville, who became Earl of Salisbury,
in right of his wife Alice, daughter and heir of Thomas de Mon-
tacute, Earl of Salisbury; and left issue, first, Richard Earl of
Warwick and Salisbury , commonly called the King Maker, of
whose two daughters and coheirs, Isabel, married George, Duke
of Clarence; and Anne, married, first, Edward, Prince of Wales,
and then Richard Duke of Gloucesler ; second, John, who was
created Marquis of Monlacute, who left issue George, created
Duke of Bedford by King Edward IV. afterwards degraded, for
want of a sufficient livelihood in consequence of his father's at-
tainder, who died without issue, May 4th, 1483. On which (his
younger brother John having also died without issue) his eight
sisters became his coheirs; viz. Anne, wife of Sir William Stonor,
of Oxfordshire, Knight; Elizabeth, wife of Lord Scrope, ofUp-
sal ; Margaret, wife of Sir John Mortimer, and afterwards of
Robert Home; Lucy, married first to Sir Thomas Fitzwilliams,
Knight, of Aldwarke, (father of William Fitzwilliams, Earl of
Southampton) and afterwards to Sir Anthony Browne, Knight,
whence came the Viscounts Montagu ; and Isabel, wife of Sir
William Huddleston, of Salston, Knight.

Eleventh, William de Neville, who became Lord Fauconlerg,
in right of his wife Joan, daughter and heir of Sir Thomas Fau-

EARL OF ABERGAVENNY. 155

conberg. He was made, 1 Edw. IV. lord admiral of England,
and Earl of Kent. But he did not long enjoy those honours j for
he died 3 Edw. IV. leaving three daughters, his coheirs j viz. Joan,
wife of Sir Edward Bedhowing, Knight ; Elizabeth, wife of Sir
Richard Strangways, Knt. ; and Alice, wife of Sir John ConyerSj,
Knight. He was buried in the priory of Gisborough, Yorkshire.
Twelfth, George Neville, Lord Latimer y by which title he
was summoned to parliament, in consequence of a settlement
made on him by his father, Earl Ralph, of the lands of his uncle
the late John Lord Latimer, which had come to the said Earl
Ralph, by a special entail, in consequence of failure of heirs male
of the above John. In 13 Hen. VI. this George was made chief
commander of the King's forces against the Scots. In his latter-
years he grew an ideot, and died 30th December, 9 Edw. IV.
His wife was Elizabeth, daughter of Richard Beauchamp, Earl of
Warwick, and coheir to her mother Elizabeth, daughter and heir
of Thomas Lord Berkeley. His son and heir, Sir Henry Neville,
died before him, being slain at Edgcote-field near Banbury, 9 Ed-<
ward IV. leaving, by a daughter of Lord Berners, (besides Tho-»
mas a younger son) Sir Richard Neville, his son and heir, who
succeeded his grandfather as Lord Latimer, and was a com-
mander in the battle of Stoke, 1 Hen. VII. and afterwards an
eminent commander against the Scots j and, among others, in
the battle of Floddon. He died 22 Hen. VIII. having married
Anne, daughter of Humphry Stafford, of Grafton, Esq. by whom
he had six sons and six daughters 5 viz. John ; William, of Pen-
wyn in Worcestershire ; Thomas j Marmadnke ; George j and
Christopher. Margaret, married to Edward, son and heir of
Robert Lord Willoughby, of Broke ; Dorothy, married to Sir John
Dawney, Knight ; Elizabeth; Catharine; Susan, wife of Richard
Norton, high sheriff of Yorkshire, 13 Eliz. ; <* and Joan. JohnA
eldest son, succeeded as Lord Latimer, and died 1542, having
married, first, Dorothy, daughter and coheir of John de Vere, Earl
of Oxford j and afterwards Catherine, daughter of Thomas Lord
Parr, of Kendal, who re-married King Henry VIII. By the first
he had a daughter Margaret ; and John his son and heir, last Lord
Latimer, who died 1577, having married Lucy, daughter of Henry-
Earl of Worcester, by whom he left four daughters his coheirs ;
viz. first, Catherine, married to Henry Percy Earl of Northum-
berland; second, Dorothy, wife of Thomas Cecil, first Earl of

d JUnks's Dormant and Extinct Peerage, yoI. ii. p. 300.

J 56 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

Exeter; third, Lucy, married to Sir William Cornwallis, Knight,
(who left four daughters his coheirs) j and fourth, Elizabeth, wife
of Sir John Danvers, and afterwards of Sir Edmund Carey, Knt.
by the former of whom she had Sir Charles Danvers ; Sir Henry
Danvers, afterwards Earl of Danby ; Sir John Danvers ; Eliza-
beth, wife of Thomas Walmsley, (whose daughter and heir Anne,
marrying Sir Edward Osborn, was mother of Sir Thomas, created
Viscount Latimer, and Earl of Danby, &c.) ; Dorothy, wife of
Sir Peter Osborn, Knight; Anne; Lucy; Eleanor; and Mary.

Thirteenth, Edward Neville, Lord Ahergavenny, of whom
presently.

Fourteenth, Robert, Bishop of Durham.

Fifteenth, Cuthbert.

Sixteenth, Henry.

Seventeenth, Thomas.

Eighteenth, Cicely, wife of Richard, Duke of York.

Nineteenth, Jane, a nun.

Twentieth, Anne, wife of Humphrey, Duke of Buckingham.,
remarried to Walter Lord Mountjoy,

Twenty-first, Alianor, wife of Richard Lord Spenser, and
afterwards of Henry, Earl of Northumberland.

Twenty-second, Catherine, wife of Thomas Duke of Norfolk,
and afterwards of John, son of Richard Woodville, Earl Rivers.

Ralph, second Earl of Westmorland, grandson of Ralph, first
Earl, died 2 Rich. III. and had e issue by Elizabeth, daughter of
Henry (Hotspur), son and heir of Henry Earl of Northumber-
land, John, his son and heir, who died before his father, 20th
March, 2g Hen. VI. having married Anne, daughter of John
Holland, Duke of Exeter, without issue. Earl Ralph was there-
fore succeeded by his nephew

Ralph, third Earl of Westmorland, who was then twenty-
eight years of age; and was one of the chief of the army sent
against the Scots under the Earl of Surry, 9 Hen. VII. He had
issue by Magaret, daughter of Sir Roger Booth, of Barton, com.
Lane. Ralph, his son and heir, who married Editha, daughter of
Sir William Sands, of Hampshire, and died in his father's lifetime,
leaving issue

Ralph, who succeeded his grandfather as fourth Earl of West-
morland, and married Catherine, daughter of Edward Stafford,
Duke of Buckingham; and by her had seven sons and nine

e He had a second wife, Margaret, daughter ancj heir of Sir Reginald,
Cobham,

EARL OF ABERGAVENNY. 157

daughters j first, Henry ; second, Sir Thomas; third, Edward;
fourth, Christopher 5 fifth, Ralph ; sixth, George ; seventh, Cuth.
bert; eighth, Eleanor, died s. p. ; ninth, Dorothy, wife of John,
Earl of Oxford 5 tenth, Mary, wife of Sir Thomas Danby, Knt.j
eleventh, Joan; twelfth, Margaret, married to Henry Manners,
Earl of Rutland 5 thirteenth, Elizabeth, to Thomas Lord Dacres,
of Gillesland; fourteenth Eleanor, to Sir Bryan Stapleton, Knt. ;
fifteenth, Anne, to Sir Fulke Greville, of Beauchamp's-court ;
sixteenth, Ursula. This Earl died 24th April, 3 Edw.'VI. and
was succeeded by his eldest son,

Henry, Jifth Earl of Westmorland, who married Jane, daughter
of Thomas Manners, Earl of Rutland, and had issue, first, Charles;
second, Eleanor, wife of Sir William Pelham, Knight, master of
the ordnance; third, Catherine, wife of Sir John Constable,, of
Kirby Knowle, in Yorkshire ; fourth and fifth, Mary and Ade-
line, who died unmarried. He married, secondly, Margaret,
daughter of Sir Richard Cholmley, Knight, widow of Sir Henry
Gascoigne, Knight, by whom he had Margaret and Elizabeth.
This Earl died in August 1563 ; and was succeeded by his son

Charles, sixth and last Earl of Westmorland, who having in
1569 engaged with the Earl of Northumberland in the rebellion
in the north, fled into Scotland, on the approach of the Earl of
Sussex, who was sent against the insurgents, first lurking with
Carr, of Ferniherst, and thence passing over to the Netherlands,
where he was received by the Spaniards, and continued till his
great age and death; being attainted here in the 13 Eliz. and all
his possessions confiscated. On his decease, Edward Neville, the
collateral male heir, claimed the Earldom; but it was adjudged
to be forfeited. This Earl married Anne, daughter of Henry
Howard, Earl of Surry, and had four daughters his coheirs; first,
Catherine, married to Sir Thomas Grey, of Chillingham; second,
Eleanor, died unmarried 5 third, Margaret, married Nicholas
Pudsey ; fourth, Anne, married David, brother of Sir William
Ingleby, Knight.

Barony of Abergavenny.

We now return to Edward Neville, fourth son of Ralph, first
Earl of Westmorland, by his second wife Joan, daughter of John
of Gaunt.

Which Edward Nevill, having d wedded Elizabeth, the sole

i Esc. 14 Hen. VI. n 35.

158 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

i

daughter and heir of Richard Beauchamp, Lord Bergavenny,
had livery e of the lands of her inheritance in .14 Henry VI. but
was kept out of the castle and manor of Bergavenny by Richard
Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick. Which Richard, as also his son
Henry Beauchamp, Duke of Warwick, enjoyed the said castle,
&e. so long as they lived, by a special entail made in the reign of
Richard II. by William Beauchamp, Lord Bergavenny, f that on
failure of issue-male of his body, by Joan his then wife, the said
castle, &c. should resort unto Thomas Beauchamp, Earl of War-
wick, (brother to him the said William) and to the heirs male of
his body.

However, in 27 Hen. VI. Henry Beauchamp, Duke of War-
wick, being deceased, and Anne, his sole daughter and heir, in
ward to the King, upon the humble remonstrance of this Edward
Nevilland his wife, s they obtained livery of the said castle of Ber-
gavenny, &c. and in the patent he is styled Lord Bergavenny.'1
Also, two years after, was summoned by writ by that title to the
parliament held \ in 29 Hen. VI.

This Edward Nevill had the honour of knighthood k conferred
on him at Whitsuntide, in 4 Hen. VI. and was then married ; for,
in that year, the Lord Bergavenny l was summoned to take the
order of knighthood with the King himself, who was then
knighted by John Duke of Bedford, regent of France, at a solemn
feast held at Leicester j and at the same time his brethren, Wil-
liam, and George Nevill, Lord Latimer, were knighted with
him.

In 32 Hen. VI. he was ■ among other nobles in the great par-
liament chamber, at Westminster, at the opening of a coffer, con-
taining three seals, one of gold, and two of silver, which were in
the custody of John, cardinal and archbishop of Canterbury, and
chancellor, deceased, when they were delivered to Richard Earl
of Salisbury, as chancellor. In the same year, he n marched with
Edward, Earl of March, (afterwards Edw. IV.) the Earl of War-

e Rot. Fin. 14 Hen. VI. m 13. f Rot. Fin. 14 H. VI- m. 16.

e Pat. 27 Hen. VI. p. 2, m. 7..
h It is considered as a barony by tenure; for, though the Nevilles are
descended from the ancient Barons, they are not in truth the heirs; the re-
presentation of blood having passed to the Greys of Ruthyn
i Claus. de eodem ann in dorso.
k Anstis'sReg.of the Gart. vol. i. p 93, n x.
1 Rymer's Feed. torn. x. p. 356. m Ibid, torn ii. p. 344.

» Stowe's Annals, p. 40X.

EARL OF ABERGAVENNY. 15g

wick, and others, with an army of 25,000 men, and, being refused
admittance to the King, the battle of Northampton ensued, when
the royalists were vanquished, with the loss of 10,000 men.

After Edward, Earl of March, attained the crown, he was one
of^the Lords who firmly adhered to him ; and in the second year
of his reign ° went with him towards Scotland, when several places
were reduced to his obedience in the north. In 10 Edw. IV. he
was commissioned to muster and array all men fitting to bear arms
in the county of Kent, and to march and oppose George, Duke of
Clarence, and Richard, Earl of Warwick, traitors and rebels.

On July 3d, 1471, he was one of the Lords p who, in the-
palace of Westminster, took the following oath :

" I Edward Bergavenny, knowledge, take, and repute you
Edward, Prince of Wales, Duke of Cornewaill, and Erie Chestre,
first begotten son of our soveraigne Lord Edward the fourth King
of England and of France, Lord of Ireland, to be verey and un-
doubted heyre to our said soveraigne lord, as to the corones and
reames of England and of Fraunce, and lordship of Ireland.

- " And promitte and swere, that in cas hereafter it happen
you, by Goddis disposition, to overlive our said soveraigne lord, I
shall then take and accept you for true, very, and rightwys King
of England, &c. And feiw and trouth to you shall bere, and in
all things truly and faithfully behave me towardes you and your
heyres, as a true and faithfull subject oweth to behave hym to his
soveraign lord and rightwys King of England. So help me God,
and holidam, and holy evaungelists."

Elizabeth his first wife (who was born ' at Hanley castle, in
com. Wigorn. Dec. l6th, 1415) deceasing in 27 Hen. VI. this
Edward, Lord Bergavenny, afterwards married Catherine, daughter
of Sir Robert Howard, Knight, but for this marriage they were
both excommunicated, in regard they had carnal copulation to-
gether in the lifetime of his first wife -, r and likewise for that he
was of near kindred to her, viz. within the third degree of con-
sanguinity. Howbeit, at length making their application to Pope
Nicholas V. they were absolved, and had a special dispensation,
for that their marriage, dated at Rome, October 15th, A. D.
1448.

• Stowe's Annals, p 417. p Rymer, torn. ii. p. 714.

q Leland's Itin. vol. vi fol.89.

r Regist. Stafford and Kemp foi. 33.

160 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

He departed this life on Thursday, October 18th, 1 6 Ed. IV.
* being then seised as tenant, by the courtesy of England, of the
inheritance of the said Elizabeth, of the manors of Merworth and
Berlyng in Kent ; Hokam, Tebinham, Berghe, Sutton, with the
hundreds of Laundriche and South Grenhowe, in com. Norf. of
the manors of Ottelee, Lydgate, and Wrydelington, in com. Suff. ;
of the castle and manors of Ewyas Harold, in com. Heref. ; of the
manors of Kidderminster Biset, Kidderminster Burnell, Dunclent,
Purshill, Rushale, and Inkeburowe, in com. Wigorn ; of the
manors of East Becheworth, Westcote, Padingden-Pembroke, and
a third part of the castle of Reygate, in com. Surrey ; of the
manors of Dicchening, Peccam, Rottyngdon, North Esc, in the
town of Iford ; of the third part of the castle and manor of
Lewes; of the third part of the chace of Cleres, and forest of
Worth; as also of the third part of the hundreds of Bunting-
hill, Strete, Berecompe, Swanbergh, Helmestrovve, Yousemere,
Walesbbne, and Ponynges, with the moytie of the hundreds of
Wyndham and Fishers-gate, all in com. Sussex ; of the manors of
Fordham, East Hanyngfield, West Hanyngfield, Thoriton, Rides-
well, and South Hanyngfield, in com. Essex ; and of the manors
of Aston Cantelow, Shelfield, Allesley, and Fillongley, in com.
Warw. leaving Sir George Nevill, Knight, his second son by his
first wife, his next heir, at that time twenty-six years of age : l
for Richard, his eldest son, died before him at the castle of Raby,
and was buried in the south aisle of the collegiate church at Stane-
drope, in the bishopric of Durham, under a flat marble stone,
with his portraiture in brass. He hadu also two daughters j Alice,
married to Sir Thomas Grey, Knight ; and Catharine, wife of

. » Iwarby, Esq.

And by his second wife, Catharine, who was sister of John
Howard, Duke of Norfolk, he had three daughters ; * Margaret,
married to John Brook, Lord Cobham -, Catharine, wife of Robert
Tanfeild, and Anne, of the Lord Strange; as also three sons, who
died young.

George, his only surviving son and heir, in 36 Hen. VI. was
found to be one of the. cousins v and heirs of Sir Rowland Len-
thale, Knight, viz. son of Elizabeth, Lady Bergavenny, daughter
of Richard Beauchamp, Earl of Worcester, son of Joan, some-
time Lady Bergavenny, one of the three sisters and coheirs of

» Esc. 1 6 Ed. IV. n. 66. Lei. Itin. vol. i f. 92.

■ Descent of Nobility, MS. B. 20, in Bibl. Joh. Anstis Arm.

x Ibid* y Clans 36 H. VI. m- 34.

EARL OF ABERGAVENNY. l6l

Thomas, late Earl of Arundel, brother of Margaret, mother of
Edmund Lenthale, Esq. son of the same Sir Rowland and Mar-
garet.

This Sir George Nevill, second (of the name) Lord Ber-
gavenny, being with his father in that battle near Tewksbury,
on May 9th, 1471, wherein the Lancastrians were entirely de-
feated, had then the honour z of knighthood conferred on him by
King Edward, at Barton, near Tewksbury. And was onea of
the Barons that attended at the coronation of Rich. III. In
5 Hen. VII. being one b of the chief in that army sent over to
Calais, in aid of Maximilian the Emperor against the French, he
returned back without performing any considerable action, in re-
gard the Emperor wanted money to carry on the war.

By his last will and testament.0 bearing date July 1st, 14Q],
being then sick; he bequeathed his body to sepulture in the mo-
nastery of St. Pancrase, called the priory of Lewes, in Sussex, on
the south side of the altar, where he had lately erected his tomb.

He diedd on the 20th of September, 1492, leaving Elizabeth
his wife surviving6 (who was afterwards married to Richard
Nayler, citizen of London) and five sons.

First, George, his son and heir.

Second, William, who died without issue.

Third, Sir Edward, ancestor to the present Earl.

Fourth, Sir Thomas Nevill, Knight, was of the privy-council,
and secretary of state to Hen. VIII. He died the 2pth of May,
1542, and was buried at Mereworth, and left issue by his wife

Catherine, widow of Lord Fitz Hugh, and daughter of

Lord Dacres, of the North, an only daughter and heir, f Margaret,
first married to Sir Robert Southwell, of Mereworth, in Kent,
master of the rolls, who in her right enjoyed that manor. Her
second husband was William Plumbe, Esq She died December
25th, 1575, aged fifty-five, and was buried at Widial, in Hert-
fordshire, where a monument was erected to her memory by her
last husband.

Fifth, Richard.

And two daughters 5 Jane, wife of Sir Henry Pole, Lord Mon-

z Nom. Equit- MS- a Hollinshed, P733.

b Pol Virg. p. 584, n. 20, & 585, n. 20.

c Ex Regist. Horn qu. 8, in cur. Prasrog. Cant-

d Pat- 8 Hen. VII. p. 1. * Regist. Moone, q. 8.

f Jtf$. in Bibl. Cotton. Julius, B. 12.

yoj,. y. m

162 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

tacute; and Elizabeth, wife of Sir Edward Berkeley, Knight, to
whom he gave part of his plate and jewels.

Which children he had by Margaret, his first wife, daughter
and heir of Sir Hugh Fenne, Knight, sub-treasurer of England,
who deceased on September 28th, 1485. s

And the said Elizabeth, his second wife, died A.D. 1500, and
was buried by her husband Nayler in the church of St. Martin,
Outwich, London.

The eldest son, Sir George Nevill, third, of the name,
Lord Bergavenny, succeeding his father, h was heir of his lands.
He was called by the King's writ at the Tower of London, »
June, 1483, 1 Edw. V. to prepare himself to receive the order of
knighthood against his coronation ; and afterwards was made k
one of the Knights of the Bath, the Sunday before the coronation
of Rich. III. July A\h, 1483. After which he waited on the
King in his progress in the north.

In 8 Hen. VII. he was1 one of the principal persons with
the King at the siege of Bulloign. And in 12 Hen. VII. by his
credit and power, m preserved the county of Kent, from joining
with the Cornish rebels then in that county \ and n had a share in
the honour of the victory obtained against them at Blackheath, on
July 17th, 1497* 1° 21 Hen. VII. being under suspicion0 of
favouring Edward de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln, at that time in
banishment, he was committed to prison \ but, nothing of guilt
appearing against him, he was enlarged, and received into greater
favour than before.

In 2 Hen. VIII. he was made P constable of Dover castle, and
warden of the Cinque Ports. In 5 Hen. VIII. he was elected * a
JCnight of the most noble order of the Garter, and installed on
May 7th, in the eighth stall on the Prince's side : and, soon after
embarking with the King, he r commanded one of the wings of the
army at the siege of Tirovenne, and at the battle that ensued,
called by our historians the battle of Spurs, from the swiftness of
the French in running away. After which he was at the siege of

* Ex Coll. The. Meller. h Pat. 8 Hen. VII. p. 1.

i Rymer's Feed. torn. xii. p. 13 £. k Norn Equit. MS.

I Speed's Chron p. 749. m Bacon's Life of Hen. VII. p. 166.

n Polyd. Virg. p. 601. ° Ibid. p. 714.

p Pat. 2 Hen. VIII. p. 1, m. 10.

q Anstis's Reg. of the Gart. vol. i. p. 275.

x Hall's Chrpn. in Life of Hen. VIII. £ 26, and 33.

EARL OF ABERGAVENNY. 163

Tournay j and, on the surrender thereof, was s appointed by the
King, with 6000 men, to take possession of that city.

In 6 Hen. VIII. he was * commander in chief of 5000 men,
that were sent over to strengthen the town of Calais, and other
fortresses within the English pale, against any sudden attempt
that might be made by the French.

In 8 Hen. VIII. u when the King, for the honour of his sister
the Queen of Scots, then come to visit him, had prepared two
solemn days of justs, he was one the King chose on his side. And,
the year after, was* one of the chief who suppressed a great riot
in London.

In 12 Hen. VIII. he was present y at that memorable inter-
view betwixt King Henry and Francis I. King of France, betwixt
Guisnes and Ardres ; and in their march, the Lord Abergavenny
publicly said to the King, z " Sir, you are my King and Sove-
reign, wherefore, above all, I am bound to shew you truth, and
not to let for none. I have been in the French party, and they
are in number double as many as you be." Whereupon he, a
with the Earl of Essex, Edward Poinynge, and Robert Wingfeilde,
were appointed to take an account of the number of the French
King's attendants.

And having married Mary, daughter of Edward Stafford,,
Duke of Buckingham, he was imprisoned in the Tower, in 13
Hen. VIII. for concealment of words spoken by that Duke, on
September 10th, 1519, b viz. " That, if the King died, he would
have the rule of the realm, in spight of whosoever said the con-
trary, swearing, that, if the Lord Abergavenny revealed this, he
would fight with him." But on February 11th following, being
brought to the King's Bench, at Westminster, and there c confess-
ing his indictment of misprison of treason, he was soon after dis-
charged, and was again in the King's favour.

The year after being one d of the council to the King, he was
a witness to the patent, creating Sir Henry Marney, Lord Marney.
And 19 Hen. VIII. on the conclusion6 of a perpetual peace be-
tween the Kings of England and France, wherein the chief of

s Hall's Chron. in Life of Hen. VI 1 1, f. 44, b.
1 Stowe's Annals, p. 496. u Hollinshed, p. 838.

* Ibid- p. 842. y Herb. Hist, of Hen. VIII. p. 99.

z Hall, praed. f. 76. a Rymer's Foed. torn xiii. p. 710.

b Herbert's Life of Hen. VIII. in Hist, of Eng. vol. ii. p.41.
c Hall's Chron. f. 91. d Rymer, torn, xiii- p 787.

e Rymer, torn xiv. p. 224. *

lo'l PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

bath realms were guarantees, he was among those on the part of
the King of England.

In 21 Hen. VIII. hef was summoned to parliament as pre-
mier Baron of England, by the title of George Nevyle de Ber-
gevenny, Chivaler.

In 22 Hen. VIII. hes was one of the peers who subscribed
that letter to Pope Clement VII. importing, that in case he did
not comply with King Henry, in the cause of his divorce from
Queen Catherine, he would be in danger of losing his supremacy
here. And, at the coronation of Queen Anne, h he claimed the
office of chief larderer, which was allowed.

He died in 27 Hen. VIII. and by his last will and testament, 'l
dated the same year, viz. June 4th, 1535, bequeathed his body to
be buried in the parish church of Biding, in Kent} and had issue,
by Joan, daughter of Thomas, Earl of Arundel, (his first wife)
one daughter, named Elizabeth, married to Henry Lord d'Au-
ben,eyf

By Mary, his second wife, daughter of Edward Stafford, Duke
of Buckingham, first Henry, his son and heir. k

Second, John, who died young j and,

Third, Thomas, who died without issue.

Also six daughters, viz. Catherine, wife of Sir John St. Leger,
of Annerley, in Devonshire, Knight ; Margaret, wife of John
Cheney, son of Sir Thomas Cheney, Knight j Dorothy, wife of
William Brooke, son of George, Lord Cobham ; Jane, wife of Sir
Henry Poole, Knight 5 Ursula, wife of Sir Warham St. Leger,1
of Ulcombe in Kent, Knight, president of Munster in Ireland 3
and Mary, wife of Thomas Fienes, Lord Dacre.

JVfary Brooke, alias Cohham, who had been his concubine, m
but then his last wife, was great with child by him at his death,
and was afterwards delivered of a daughter.

Henry, his son and successor, fourth of the name, Lord
Abergavenny, was summoned" to parliament, in 3 and 4 Edw.
VI. and in 5 Edw. VI. accompanied ° the Marquis of North-
ampton, and some other lords, in a solemn embassy into France -,
as also to present the order of the Garter to that King. After his

f Rymer» tpm. xiv. p. 303.

g Ibid. p. 405. h Hollinshed, p. 930.

i Regist. Hogen. qu- 35. * Ibid, ut supra.

1 Ibid. m King Edw. Journal. « Jour, of Pari, de eodem «ui.

• Hist, of Ed. VI. by S. J. Haywood, p. 133.

EARL OF ABERGAVENNY. 165

return, on March 2d, he was committed to ward, For striking the
Earl of Oxford, in the chamber of presence j but, v on the 6th of
April following, he had a special pardon for it. On Wyatt's in-
surrection in Kent, in the reign of Queen Mary, he raised forces
to oppose him ; and., i overtaking a body of his adherents at Black-
soil Field, in the parish of Wrotham, he put them to flight,
chacing them four miles, and took sixty prisoners. After which
he marched after Wy a tt to London. In 29 Eliz. r he was one of
the peers that sat in judgment upon the Queen of Scots, at Fother-
inghay. And, departing this life at his seat called Comfort, near
Berling, iri Kent, s on February 10th, 1586-7, was buried with
great solemnity in the church there, on March 21st following.
By the inquisition taken after his decease at Maidstone, in the
county of Kent, August 22d, 2Q Eliz. * the jury found, that he
died seised of the manors of Birling, Ryarshe, Ealding, alias Yald-
ing, and Luddesdon j the manor and rectory of the church of All
Saints, in Birlingi and the advowson of the vicarage of Birling 5
the manor of West Peckham, and the advowson of the church of
Maplescomb, in West Peckham 5 the manor of Mereworth, and
advowson of the church j the manor and farm of Oldhaie, alias
Hole-haie, all in the county of Kent j and that his daughter
Mary, then aged thirty-two, was his sole heir j and was married)
in J 7 Eliz. to Sir Thomas Fane, Knight.

Her mother was Frances, daughter of Thomas Manners, Earl
of Rutland. She " challenged the title of Baroness Bergavenny,
against Edward Nevill, son of Sir Edward Nevill, a younger
brother of George, Lord Bergavenny> father to this last mentioned
Henry, on which Sir Edward the castle of Bergavenny was
settled, both by testament and act of parliament 3 but the dispute
was not determined until May 25th, 1 Jac. when, after great argu-
ments on each part, the title of Lord Bergavenny x was, both by
judgment of the house of peers, and order of the lords commis-
sioners for the office of earl marshal of England, decreed >' for the
heir male.

Whereupon, to give some satisfaction to the heir female, the
King, by his letters patent, granted the dignity or barony of IA

p Privat. Sigil. 5 Ed. VI. q Hollinshed, p. 1094, 1097.

r Camd. Eliz. in Hist, of Engl. vol. ii. p 519, 52a.

s Ex. Coll. W. Dethick Garter, MS. not A. 31, in Bi'bl Joh. Anstis Ami-

1 Cole's Esc. lib.iii. N. 61, A. 14, in Bibl. Harley, p. 105.

u Gamd Eliz. p. 511. x Journal of Pari, de eocL an;

y Selden's Tit. of Honour, p. 879.

166 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

Despenser, to her and to her heirs, from whom the present Earl
of Westmorland and Lord le Despenser are descended.

This z Henry, Lord Bergavenny, had to his second wife, Eliza-
beth, daughter of Stephen Darrell, of Spelmonden ; she was
living in 1601, and was remarried to William Sidley, of South-
fleet, in Kent, Esq.

Which Sir Edward Nev ill before-mentioned, (third son of
George, second Lord Abergavenny) in 1 Hen. VIII. was one of
those gallant knights,3 who, for the more honour, and ennobling
the triumphant coronation of the King, performed justs and tour-
naments in the palace of Westminster, the King and Queen being
present. And, at Christmas the same year, b performed justs with
the King himself at Richmond, who secretly arming himself with
William Compton, (ancestor of the Earl cf Northampton) this
Sir Edward Nevill ran against this Mr. Compton, and wounded
him, so that he was likely to die. The year after, c he was one
of the three the King chose to be challengers with himself. In
5 Hen. VIII. having been at the siege of Thirovenne, and the
battle that ensued, he was, d for his valiant behaviour, made a
Knight Banneret. In 6 Hen. VIII. on the marriage of the King's
sister with the French King, when the Dauphin had proclaimed
solemn justs to be kept at Paris, in the month of November, e
wherein he, with nine aids, would answer all comers, being gentle-
men of name and arms, this Sir Edward, with the Duke of Suf-
folk, the Marquis of Dorset, and others, had the King's licence to
go over and accept the challenge. f And, preparing themselves
for the purpose, they departed all in green coats and hoods, and,
landing at Calais, October 20th, were at the coronation of the
Queen, and gained great honour, not only at the justs, but also at
the torney and barriers. In 12 Hen. VIII. he waited on his
Sovereign at his interview with the French King, between Guisnes
and Ardres, having in his retinue M a chaplain, eleven servants,
and eight horses. But in the 13 Hen. VIII. being suspected of
favouring Edward, Duke of Buckingham, in his treasonable at-
tempts, he h was forbid the King's presence. However, the year
after he was again in favour, and was ordered to ' attend the King

z MS. Pedigree of Nevill, penes raeips. a Hall's Chron. f. 5.

b Ibid. f. 6. « Hollinshed, p. 809.

d Norn- Equit.in Bibl- Cotton, sub Essig. Claudius, C3.

c Burnet's Hist, of the Reform, p. 286. » Stowe's Annals, p. 497.

e MS. not. B. 5, in Bibl. Joh. Anstis. b Hall, f. 86.

1 Rymer, torn. xiii. p. 768.

EARL OF ABERGAVENNY. 167

at Canterbury, on the 27th of May, to wait the arrival of the
Emperor 5 who landing at Dover the day after, he was present at
the interview between those monarchs. In 15 Hen. VIII. he
was '• one of the principal commanders of those forces sent into
France under the Duke of Suffolk. In 23 Hen. VIII. he was
one of thek maskers with the King at Cardinal Wolsey's, at
which time the Cardinal took him for the King, and offered his
chair, being, as Hollinshed writes, a comely knight, that much
more resembled the King's person in that mask than any other.
In 24 Hen. VIII. he waited on the King to Bulloign, and from
thence to the interview with the French King at Sandingfield.
In 29 Hen. VIII. he was present at the christening of Prince Ed-
ward, being1 one of the six gentlemen of the King's chamber,
who bore a rich canopy over him. But the year following, on
November 3d, was sent prisoner to the Tower, ,Ti and, being n in-
dicted on the 3d of January, " for devising0 to maintain, pro-
mote, and advance one Reginald Pole, late dean of Exeter, enemy
to the King, beyond the sea, and to deprive the King," was at-
tainted and beheaded with the before-mentioned lords on Tower-
hill, p on the 9th of the same month.

He was seated at Aldington-park, in Kent, and having mar*
ried Eleanor, daughter of Andrew Lord Windsor, (widow of
Ralph Lord Scroop, of Upsal) had issue two sons.

First, Edward j and,

Second, Henry, of Billingbeer, in Berks, from whom the
Nevilles of that county descended j ancestors of Lord Bray-
brook.

Also three daughters j Catharine, wedded to Clement Throg-
morton, of Hasely, in com. Warwick, Esq. j Frances, wife of
Sir Edward Walgrave, of Borley, in Essex, Knight, ancestor, by
her, of the Earl Waldegrave j and Elizabeth, married to Thomas
Eymes, or Heynes, of Yorkshire, Esq.

Edward Nevill, fifth of the name, Lord Abergavenny^
eldest son and heir of the said Sir Edward, succeeded in 29 Eliz*
to the barony and honour of Bergavenny, and married two wives 3
first, Catharine, daughter of Sir John Brown, orBrome, of Halton,
in Oxfordshire, Knight, by whom he had issue four sons.

First, Edward.

» Stowe, p. 52a, k Ibid. p. «;6o.

1 Strype's Memorial, vol ii. p; 3. in Hall, f. Z33.

Ibid. 0 Stowe^ p. 575. p Hall, pn»d,

168 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

Second, Francis, who married Mary, daughter of Thomas
Lukenor, Esq. (but this branch is extinct.)
. Third, George ; and,

Fourth, Sir Henry Nevill, of Bedminster, Knight, (who by
Ellen, daughter of Edward Poole, Esq had four sons.)

But by the second wife, Grisold, daughter of Thomas Hughes,
of Uxbridge, in com* Middlesex, Esq. he had no issue; and she
surviving him, was afterwards married to Francis Clifford, Earl of
Cumberland. *

The inquisition taken after his decease at Maidstone, in Kent,
July 7th, 31 Eliz.q recites, that he died on February 10th before;
and that Edward Nevill, his son and heir, was thirty-eight years
of age, and was found to be cousin and heir of Henry Nevillj
Lord Abergavenny, and that he died possessed of the manor and
rectory of Birling, the manors of Ryashe, Ealding, alias Yalding>
and Luddisdon, in the county of Kent ; the manor of Rothei field,
forest of Waterdown, with the appurtenances, barony of Lewvs,
borough of Lewys, and the manor of Ditchling, in the county of
Sussex.

Edward, his eldest son, sixth Lord Abergavenny, in
t James I. had the title of Lord Bergavenny confirmed to him by
the house of peers ; and, the year after, claimed the title of Earl
of Westmorland, as heir male ; r which case is recited in Coke's
seventh Report, where his claim is set forth at large ; but was de-
termined against him. And having married Rachel, daughter of
John Lennard, of Knoll, in Kent, Esq. ancestor of the Earl of
Sussex of that name, (who s had sepulture at Birling, October 15th,
l6l6) had issue six sons.

First, Sir Henry Nevill, Knight, who succeeded him.

Second, Edward* who died unmarried, A. D. 1610.

Third, Christopher, who took to wife Mary, one of the
daughters and coheirs of Thomas Darcy, of Tolston Darcy, in
com, Essex, Esq. from whom the present Earl of Abergavenny is
descended.

Fourth, John.

Fifth, Thomas j and>

Sixth, Charles, who all died young.

And five daughters ; Elizabeth, wife of Sir John Grey, Knight,

<i Cole's Esc. lib i. p. 411, N. 61, A- 12, in Bibl Harley.
r But quere, if the claimant was not another Edward Neville ? Or did
not Edmund Neville of the Latimer branch claim it?
8 Ex Regist. EccL de Birling.

EAKL OF ABERGAVENNY. 16*9

feldest son of Henry Lord Grey, of Groby, and afterwards of Sir
John Bingley, Knight j Mary, wife of Sir George Goring, of
Denny, in com. Sussex, Knight, (afterwards Lord Goring, and
Earl of Norwich) ; Catharine, wife of Sir Stephen Lessieur, of
Chiswick, in com Middlesex, Knight. She died August 4tb,
1630, and was buried in St. Faith's church, under St. Paul's cathe-
dral ; Frances and Margaret, who both died young.

This Edward Lord Abergavenny departing this life., December'
1st, 1622, had3 sepulture with his ancestors at Birling, the 3d of
the same month, and was succeeded by

Henry, bis son and heir, seventh Lord Abergavenny,
who first married Mary, daughter of Thomas Sackvile, Earl of
Dorset, (lord treasurer of England) by whom he had issue,

Sir Thomas Nevill, Knight of the Bath, who married Frances,
daughter of Henry Lord Mordaunt, and died in his father's life-
time, A. D. 1628, and, on May 7th that year, was buried at Birl-
ing, leaving issue Henry, who died in his infancy, A. D. l63p;
Charles, who died in 1(53 7, by a fall from his horse 5 Margaret, wife
of Thomas Brooke, of Madely, in com. Salop, Esq.j Cicely, wife
of Fitzwilliam Coningsby, of Hampton-court, in com. Hereford,
Esq. ancestor of the late Countess of Coningsby ; Anne, Abbess
of Pontoise, in France ; Elizabeth and Mary, who died unmarried.

To his second wife he wedded Catharine, daughter of Edward
Lord Vaux, of Harowden, and had issue by her two sons,

John and George, successively barons of Abergavenny.

And three daughters 5 Catharine, first married to Sir Robert
Howard, Knight, a younger son of Theophilus Earl of Suffolk,
afterwards to Robert Berry, of Ludlow, in com. Salop, Esq. 5
Frances, who died unmarried ; and Elizabeth, wife of Thomas
Stonor, of com. Oxon, Esq.

This Henry Lord Abergavenny was buried at Birling, De-
cember 24th, 1641 3 and the Lady Catharine, his second wife,
was buried by him, July 10th, 164Q.

John, succeeding Henry his father in this honour, as eighth
Lord Abergavenny, took to wife Elizabeth, daughter and co-
heir of John Chamberlaine, of Sherburne castle, in com. Oxon,
Esq. and died December 12th, 1660, without issue.

He was succeeded by George, his brother, ninth Lord
Abergavenny, who married Mary, daughter of Thomas, son
and heir of Henry Giffard, of Dun ton Walet, in Essex, doctor of

s Ex Regist Eccl. de Birling.

170 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

physic -, and had issue by her one son, George Lord- Abergavenny,
and one daughter, Bridget, married to Sir John Shelly, Bart, and
departing this life June 2d, AD. 1666, was buried on the 14th of
the same month at Biding. .

Which George> tenth Lord Abergavenny, was born
April 2lst, 1665 ; and having married Honora, daughter of John
Lord Bellasis, of Worlaby, departed this life without issue, on
March 26th, l6p4-5, and was buried in the church of St. Giles
in the Fields, London, April 1st following.

Whereupon, the title of Lord Abergavenny descended and
came to the heirs male of Sir Christopher Neville, second sur-
viving son of Edward Lord Abergavenny, and Rachel, his wife,
daughter of John Lennard, Esq.' which Sir Christopher, being
seated at Newton St. Low, in com. Somerset, was made one of
the Knights of the Bath at the coronation of Charles I. and having
married Mary, daughter and coheir of Thomas Darcy, of Tolston
Darcy, in com. Essex, Esq. had sepulture with his ancestors at
Birling, on June 7th, l64p, having issue by her a son,

Richard Neville, who, by his wife, Sophia, left issue,

George Neville, his son and heir, who was seated at Sheffield,
in the county of Sussex; and having wedded Mary, daughter of
Sir Bulstrode Whitlock, Knight, left issue two sons ;

First, George, who succeeded to the barony of Abergavenny,
March 26th, 16Q4-5, on the death of George, Lord Abergavenny,
before-mentioned $ and N

Second, Edward Neville, second son, born in December 1664,
father of William, fourteenth Lord Abergavenny.

Which George, eleventh Lord Abergavenny, married
Anne, daughter of Nehemiah Walker, of the county of Middle-
sex, Esq. who remarried John Earl Delawarr, and died 1748.
By her he had issue three sons and two daughters, viz.

First, Henry, born August l6th, 1701, who deceased young.

Second, George.

Third, Edward.

Jane, married to Abel Walter, -of Busbridge, in com. Surry,
Esq. ; and

Anne, died unmarried, in the twenty-second year of her age,
in March 1736-7.

And departing this life in the sixty-third year of his age, on
March 11th, 1720-1, was succeeded by his eldest surviving son,

George, born May 16th, 1702, twelfth Lord Aberga-

EARL OF ABERGAVENNY. Ifl

y enny, who married Elizabeth, * daughter of Edward Thornicroft,
of the city of Westminster, Esq. and dying on November 15th,
1723, was succeeded by Edward his brother.

The said Edward, thirteenth Lord Abergavenny, mar-
ried Catharina, daughter of lieutenant-general Tattonj who re-
married his successor, and dying October 9th, 1724, in the nine-
teenth year of his age, and without issue, was succeeded by Wil-
liam Neville, son and heir of Edward Neville, brother of George,
Lord Abergavenny, who-died in March 1720-1, as aforesaid.

Which Edward Neville was commander of several men of war,
and, being commodore of a squadron, died in Virginia, on board
the Lincoln, September 12th, 3 701, in the thirty-seventh year of
his age, leaving issue, by Hannah his wife, daughter of Mr.
Jervois Thorpe, who survived him till March 25th, 17&4-, dying
at the age of ninety-six, William, Lord Abergavenny 5 and a
daughter, Mary, married to Charles Chamberlain, of Smallfield-
place, in com. Surry, Esq.

Which William, fourteenth Lord Abergavenny, u on
February JOth, 1738-9, was constituted master of the jewel office.
His Lordship, in May 1725, was married to Catharina, (Tatton)
Ladv Abergavenny, widow of Edward, the late Lord j and by her
(who died on December 4th, 1729) had issue, a son, named

George, born June 24th, 1727, his late Majesty being his god->
father, and a daughter, Catharina, born June 20th, 1728.

His Lordship married, secondly, on May 20th, 1732, the
Lady Rebecca, daughter of Thomas, Earl of Pembroke, and by
her, who died October 20th, 1758, had issue three daughters -}

Harriot, born November 17th, 1734, died unmarried, 17<52;
Mary, born June 13th, 1736, died unmarried, 1758; and Sophia,
born March 14th, 1738, died unmarried, l/59'> and one son,
William, born in October 1741.

His Lordship died at the Bath, September 21st, 1744, and was
buried at East Grinstead, in Sussex, October 2d, following; to
whom succeeded in honour and estate his only son by his first
Lady,

George, fifteenth Lord Abergavenny, who in July, 17^7,
was appointed lord lieutenant, and custos rotulorum of the county

* She remarried Mr Pink, ofSharsted, a Kentish gentleman, and was
grandmother of the late Henry A lured Shove, Esq Barrister at law, having
died about twenty-five years ago.

■ Gazette, No. 7778.

1/2 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND;

of Sussex, which he resigned in 17595 his Lordship married,
February 5th, 1753, Henrietta, daughter of Thomas Pelham, late
of Stanmere, in Sussex, Esq. sister to Thomas, late Earl of Chi-
chester, by which Lady> who died in August 31st, 1768, he had
issue,

First, Henry, his heir apparent, born February 22d, 1755.

Second, the Rev. George Henry, born September 6th, 1/60,
married, May 11th, 1787, Caroline, daughter of the Hon. Richard
Walpole, and has a daughter born August 5tb, 1789, and a son
born March 12th, 1792.

And a daughter, Henrietta, born May 24 th, 1756 j married at
Hingham in Norfolk, September 9th, \779> to Sir John Berney,
of Kirby, in com. Norfolk, Bart.

His Lordship was on May 17th, 1784, advanced to the dig-
nities of Viscount Neville, and Earl of Abergavenny, and died
September 10th, 1785, and was succeeded by his son

Henry, second Earl of Abergavenny. His Lordship was
born February 22d, 1755, and married, October 3d, 1781, Mary,
only child of the late John Robinson, of Wyke House, in Middle-
sex, Esq. by whom (who died October 26th, 179^) he had,

First, Mary Catharine, born February 27th, 1783 ; married,
January 2d3 1802> Thomas Meyers, Esq. late accomptant-general
in Bengal 5 and dying July 11th, I8O7, left issue by him a son,
born June 4th, 1803.

Second, Henry, Viscount Neville, born May 22d, 1785, died
April 8th, 1806.

Third, Ralph, Viscount Neville, born December 21st, 1786>
brought up in the navy.

Fourth, Henrietta, born July 14th, 1788.

Fifth, John, born December 25th, 1 789.

Sixth, William, born June 28th, 1792.

Titles. George Neville, Earl of Abergavenny, Viscount Ne-
ville, and Baron Abergavenny.

Creations. Baron by tenure of the castle of Bergavenny (Jure
Uxoris) 27 Hen. VI. 1448, and writ and summons to parliament,
September 5th, 1450, 29 Hen. VI. By descent anciently, July
23d, 1392, 16 Rich. II. Originally, June 23d, 1295, 23 Edw. I.
and Viscount Neville and Earl of Abergavenny, May 17th,
1784.

Arms. Gules on a saltire Argent, a rose of the first barbed
and seeded, proper.

EARL OF ABERGAVENNY. 173

Crest. In a ducal coronet Or, a bull's head, Argent, pied,
Sable, armed of the first, and charged on the neck with a rose,
Gules.

Supporters. Two bulls, Argent, pied, sable, armed, unguled,
collared, and chained, Or.

Motto. Ne vile velis.

Chief Seats. At the castle of Abergavenny, in the county of
Monmouth ; at Eridge park, in the county of Sussex -, arid at JUaV?
brook, near East Grinstead, in the same county.

174 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

PAGET EARL OF UXBRIDGE.

This family sprung from Stafford shire. The first who attained to
the dignity of Peerage was William Paget, a person of humble
origin, but of very great and eminent abilities, whose father,
William Paget, one of the Serjeants at Mace of the city of
London, born near Wednesbury, in SafFordshire, had issue two
other sons, John and Robert) also one daughter, Anne, married
to — i ■ Smith, Esq.

William, who was created first Lord Paget, was aborn at
London; and having been b educated under the famous Lilly, in
St. Paul's School, was sent to the University of Cambridge,0 where,
in Trinity-hall, he had his academical education : from whence
be went into the family of the noted Stephen Gardiner, Bishop of
Winchester, as appears from these lines Leland writ to him :

Tu Gardineri petiisti tecta diserti,
Eloquii sedem, Pieriique chori.

Which is, that being young, * he went into the learned Gardi-
ner's family, which was the very seat of eloquence, and of the
muses.' From his family he went to study in the University of
Paris, and after some stay, returned again into the Bishop's house.
Soon after, in respect of his learning and merits, he was employed
\in several important affairs 3 for in 21 Henry VIII. he was dsent
into France, to obtain the opinions of the learned in that king-
dom, concerning the King his master's divorce from Queen Ca-

a Fuller's Worthies in London, p. 210.

* Strype's Memorials, Vol. II. p. 379. « Ibid. Vol. III. p. 282.

* Herbert's Life of Henry VIII. in Hist, of Eng. Vol. II. p. 14c.

PAGET EARL OF UXBRIDGE. 173

tharine; and in 23 Henry VIII. on e November 8th, he obtained
a grant of the office of Warden and Constable of the castle,
Keeper of the park, and Bailiff of the manor of Maxstoke, in
Warwickshire, during the minority of Peter Compton, Esq. Also
the same year made f one of the Clerks of the Signet ; which title
he bore in 26 Henry VIII. when he had licences from the King
to import 400 casks of wine from Gascony. In the year 153/,
the King11 sent him privately (with instructions to take France
in his way), into Germany, with Christhor Mount, to prevail on
the Protestant German Princes from agreeing with the Emperor,
but rather, to refer all 'their differences to him and the French
King. This employment required an extraordinary prudence,
the voyage being to be performed in a disguised habit ; and the
King's x^mbassador in France, and the French King (Francis I.)
were first to be acquainted of it, with whose directions they
had orders to comply. In this arduous negociation he behaved
himself so much to the King's satisfaction, that in 32 Henry VIII.
he was ' made Clerk of the Privy-council, k constituted one of the
Clerks of the Signet for life, and ■ Clerk of the Privy-seal, with
the fee of 30 1. per ann. likewise soon after, m Clerk of the Par-
liament for life.

The year following, he was * constituted Clerk of the Privy-
council for life, and °sent Ambassador into France. In 1543, on
May 19th, he and one Thomas Knight, Esq. were p constituted
Clerks of the Parliament for life, with the salary of 401. per ann.
and soon after, he received the honour of Knighthood : for he
bears that title on January l6th following, when the King granted
to him,** and his heir?, the lordships of Bromley, and Hurst, in
the county of Stafford. Also in the same year he was r made one
of the Principal Secretaries of State. In 36 Henry VIII. on
June 26th, he was s commissioned, with the Lord Chancellor
Wriothesley, and the Duke of Suffolk, to treat with Matthew
Earl of Lenox, about certain affairs relating to the government of
Scotland, and to treat of a marriage between the Earl and the Lady
Margaret, the King's niece. The same year he * attended King

c Priv. Sig. 23 Henry VIII. f Pat. -3 Henry VIII. p. r.

£ Bill Sig. 26 Henry VIII. h Herbert, p, 2I0.

5 Pat. 32 Henry VIII. p. 2. k Priv. Sig. 32 Henry VIH.

* Ibid. p. 6. m priv. Sig. 32 Henry VIII.

« Bill Sig. 33 Henry VIII. ° Herbert, p. 228.

P Priv, Sig. 35 Henry VIII. * Bill Sig. 35 Henry VIII,

* Pat. 35 Henry VIII. p. jj. » Rymer's Feed., torn. XV. p. 281.

I t Ibid. p. «.

Iff PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

Henry at the siege of Bulloign ; and on his return into England,
after the surrender of that town, he had a "grant (with John
Mason, Esq.) of the office of Master of the Posts, within and
without the realm, to occupy by themselves or deputies; and was
joined x in commission with the Earl of Hertford, to conclude a
general peace with the French King; who demanding restitution
of Bulloign, the treaty was immediately broke off. But being
again set on foot the following year, he was then sent Ambassa-
dor into France; and while it was in agitation, received the fol-
lowing letter from the King; which forasmuch as it shews how
greatly he was esteemed, and that it gives an insight in^o the
politics of those times, I shall here y insert it verbatim ;

c Trustie and right wel-beloved, we greet you well ;

* And having receyved your letters of the 22 of this instant, by
the which we do at good length understand the'ole discourse and
conference which passed the day before betweene yow and Erewno,
with th' ordre which yow intende to observe in proponinge th'
overture for the Treux ; we have thought good, as wel to signifie
unto yow that we take your proceedings in very thankfull parte,
and lyke your devyse for proponinge the overture of the treux
very well, as also t'advertise you for answer of such things, as ye
desired to know our further pleasure in this sorte, ensueing.

' First, you shall understand that having perus'd th' articles or
capitulations, which you sent unto us, and having altered and
added certain points of importance therein, we do remit the same
unto you to be concluded upon in such forme, as they be now
conceyved, yf you may induce the French Ambassadors there-
unto, or otherwise to be altered and qualified by your common
agreement in some words and terms, so as the substaunce of the
matters do remayn.

( And touching the comprehension of the Scots, our pleasure
is that you shall travell as earnestly as ye may, to have this treux
concluded without any comprehension of them, whom we wold
most gladely, and think it necessary to be left out, for without
that this treux, serving the French King to many purposes, should
be to us every way over much prejudicial ; and therefore lyke as
we for our part can be pleased to conclude this treux generally
with them, without comprehension of any States or Princes, so

« Pat. 36 Henry VIII. p. 16. x Herbert, p. 249,

y Rymer, torn. XV. p. 8».

EARL OF UXBRIDGE. ijf

we think it reason that they shall conclude with us after the lyke
sortej for it hath not been seen in ariy treatie of treux that we
have made with any Prince in all our time, that any other Prince
hath byn comprehended.

* And further you may also declare to th' Ambassadors, aswel
French as of the Protestants, how that by such treaties of amitie
as be between us and our good brother th' Emperor, we may not
in any wise comprehend the Scots in this or any other treatie olf
treux, or peace.

' As for the time of commencement of the said treux, although
we see not how we may give assured notice thereof to all our
subjects, being, as we have heretofore signified unto you, dis-
persed in sundry places and companies, before the first day of
Marche, and therefore think the day appointed in your former
instruction, to be a very mete tyme for the begynning of the
same j yet if they shall shew themselves much desirous to have
the treux begyn, rather we be pleased to assent thereunto. Mary,
you must tell them withal, that we cannot assure them to give
perfect nottice to our men before the said day, and therefore yf
for want of knowledge of the treux (which nevertheless shall be
published with as much speed as may be) any prejudice shall
ensue to any of the French King's subjects, we doubt not they
will of their wisdoms impute the same to their own hasty abridg-
ing of the time, and not to those which shall then be found igno-
rant of the same; and therefore for the avoiding of all such occa-
sions of ane quarrels, and to th' intent all things might be fully-
observed according to the agreements, we thought the first day
of Marche to be a mete day for begynnyng of the said treux, th*
ende whereof you may always foresee to be agreed upon (he last
of October, according to your former instructions, notwithstand-
ing you shall perchance^ at their instaunce somewhat prevent the
commencement of the same.

I Thyrdly, Touching a further meeting of the Protestants, and*
other commissioners for Us and the French King, primo Maii, of
such other time as shall be agreed upon, excep't we saw a gretter
appearaunce of some confotmite in the French King than hath
yet been shewed hitherto, we neither thinke it mete to trouble
the Protestaunts with any other resorte to a nue assemblie, nor
mynde to make now any appointment for the tyme of any such
nue convention, whereof (the French King being soe much wed-
ded to his oun will as he is) there is no lykelihood of any fruicte
to ensue: and yet, yf in the mean time we may by any means
vol. vr ifr

178 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

perceive that the French King will relent his obstinacy,, and corrie
on more roundly to some reasonable and honourable conditions
for a peax, we would not only be very glade to use the mediation
of the Protestaunts in the mayntainyng of the same, but also give
them well to understood, that we do both repose a more ample
and fuller confidence in them, than the Frenche King either doeth
or will do, whatsoever he pretendeth and would make them be-
lieve ; and woold also in the concluding thereof use their advise
before any others, not doubting but we shall find them as much
addicted to th' advancement of our affayrs, as the French
King's.

( Fourthly, As touching Brewno, we will you shall allure and
procure him to serve us earnestly as moche as shall be possible
for you to do j and as for his pension for this begynnyng, we be
pleased to graunt unto him five or six hundred crownes by the
yere, the lesse or the more to be at your discretion j and as his
service shall appere hereafter acceptable unto us, so peradventure
to encrease it. And for the first payment thereof, we will you
to take ane years pension of such our treasure, as remayneth in
our treasourer of Calay's hands, or is, or shall be brought from
our servaunt Thomas Chamberlayn, unto our said Treasourer,
withe taking his othe yf yt may be, otherwise his promyse in
writing, to do us service. You may (if he condescend thereunto)
secretly delyver unto him with a cipher, to advertyse us of the
state of things in Almayne, from time to time as occasion shall
serve; giving him such goode woordes withall on our behalfe, as
may bothe encourage him to serve us truelye, and diligently, and
minister hope unto him of more ample benefite at our hands, if
he shall shew himself no less willing to the advauncement of our
affayres, and diligense in our service, then we have conceived
good truste of him.

' Finally e, yf in the end of this your long conference, the
French Commissioners will neither come on more roundly in the
conditions of peax, nor assent to any treux in suche sorte as we
have prescribed unto you, but will break ofTj our pleasure is,
that you shall both give immediate nottice thereof to our Ambas-
sadors with the Emperor, and also give knowledge of the same to
our officers at Bulloyn, Guysnes, and Callys, to the intent every
of them may see the better to the garde of their peeces, and also
by what meanes, and consider with what nombers the ennemy
may be most troubled 5 advertysing us of their opinions therein.)

EARL OF UXBR1DGE. 179

to the intent we may further dispose as td us shall be thought
convenient.

' Yeven undre our signet, at our honour of Hampton -Courte,
the twenty-sixth daye of Decembre, the thirty-seventh yere of
our reigne.*

Dors. To cur trustye and right wel-beloved Coun-

saillour, Sir William Paget, Knight, oon of our two prin-
cipal Secretaryes.

On June 7th following, Sir William Paget, the Lord Lisle,
High Admiral of England, and Doctor Wot ton, Dean of Canter-
bury^ concluded a peace with the French; by which the King
gained the advantage of keeping Bulloign for eight years, without
molestation. When the King lay on his death-bed, he be-
queathed to him a legacy of 3001. a constituted him one of his
executors, and appointed him one of the Council to his successor
Edward VI.

Being now of great authority, and in high repute for his wis-
dom and learning, the Earl of Hertford (after Duke of Somerset),
protector of the King's person and dominions, contracted b with
him an entire friendship, whereby he had a greater opportunity
of exercising his extraordinary abilities to the public advantage.
On February l/th,c 1540-7, 1 Edward VI. he was elected a
Knight-companion of the most noble order of the Garter, at a
chapter held in the Tower of London, and was installed at Wind-
sor on May 22d following. On March 4th, 1546-7* being styled
Knight of the Garter, and Principal Secretary, he was d commis-
sioned to fix the boundaries in the marches of Bulloign; and soon
after exchanged his place of Secretary for the Comptrollership of
the Household. In 2 Edward VI. he e obtained a grant of Exeter
place, without Temple-bar (formerly belonging to the Bishops of
that see), as also a certain parcel of ground lying within the gar-
den of the Middle-Temple, adjoining thereto. Which house he
transformed into a new fabric for his own habitation, calling it
Paget house; but it retained the name no longer than it continued
in the possession of his family, being by after owners called

2 Rymer, Tom. XV. p. 93. a Ibid, p, 104.

b Strype, Vol.. Il.~p.Io. c Anstis's fegist. of the Garter, Vol, I. p. 44?;

a Rymer, torn. XV. p. 138. • Pat. 2 Edward VI. p.' 7.

180 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

Leicester-house, and Essex-house. The next year, with the Bi-
shops of London, Rochester, and others, he was f delegated to visit
St. George's chapel in Windsor, Winchester College, the diocese
of Oxon, and that university; and to order matters for the im-
proving of good literature, and honour of those places. Also in
that year he was * sent Ambassador to the Emperor Charles V.
to prevail on him to enter into a confederacy against the French.
And h was received by his Imperial Majesty with extraordinary
respect, but did not succeed in his negotiations; yet he greatly
raised his reputation in the Emperor's court, as appears by Sir
Philip Hoby's letters to the Protector, when resident Ambassador
there: in which are ' these expressions concerning himj * That
he was generally grateful to all the Emperor's court, a few of
England's back friends only excepted, who mistrusted much, lest
he had compassed somewhat to their disadvantage. And the
rather they were driven to conceive this opinion, because his en-
tertainment had been such, and so respectful, as well with the
Emperor as his council. And he was so generally commended,
and well reported of by all, and the fame of his prudent handling
himself, so spread abroad every where, as they could not think,
but that of such toward likelihood, some great effect must needs
follow.' He also added, ' That should he not perhaps be sus-
pected of adulation, he might find sufficient matter to consume a
long time in discoursing of his gravity and prudence, used as
well in setting forth, and well-handling his charge towards the
Emperor, and his Counsellors, as in his behaviour generally to-
wards all others. Whereby he had purchased to himself love and
credit with all men, and not a little for the King's Majesty's
honour and estimation in those parts.'

The same year having keen called by writ to the house of
Peers, by the title of Lokd Paget, of Beaudesert, in com. Staff]
hek took his place in parliament on December 3d; being then
Comptroller of the Household, and Chancellor of the duchy of
Lancaster. And on January 19th following, was solemnly ■
created to that honour ; also immediately after, appointed one of
the Commissioners to conclude a peace with the French King,
Henry II.

Notwithstanding these extraordinary services, he was m com-
mitted to the Fleet, on October 21st, 1551, and on November 8th

f Rymer ut antea. p. 183. % Strype's Memor. Vol.11, p. 155.

h Ibid. ! Ibid. p. 162. k Journal of pari.

1 Hollinshed, p. 1061. m Strype, Vol. II. p. 281.

EARL OF UXBRIDGE. 181

following, sent to the Tower, by the procurement of the ambi-
tious Duke of Northumberland, who at that time aspired to an
absolute command ; and having resolved to remove those out of
his way, whose credit or interest might be any impediment to his
evil purposes, he first committed the Duke of Somerset, and soon
after Lord Paget, between whom an inviolable friendship had
been maintained for several years. The unfortunate Duke soon
after lost his head, being n principally charged with designing to
murder the Duke of Northumberland, and some other Lords, at
Paget-house. And it was generally expected that the Lord Paget
would be called in question for the same; but whether North-
umberland was sufficiently satisfied with the sacrifices already
made, or that the Lord Paget's innocency would bear the test, he
contented himself with only disgracing this able Minister of State.
"Whereupon, on April 22d following, being the'eve of St. George's
feast, he was ° divested of the ensigns of the Gaiter, on pretence
of defect in blood, and arms, for three descents ; but the Liber
Caeruleus, in the registry of the Knights kept at Windsor, ob-
serves, those were not so much the causes, as the prevalence and
practice of the Duke of Northumberland, by which he had been
unjustly and undeservedly put out of the order.

Neither was this disgrace thought sufficient: for money being
extremely wanting at that time, he soon after was charged with
selling the King's lands and timber- wood without commission j
and that he had taken great fines for lands belonging to the
crown, and applied them to his own use ; with other things ac-
cumulated against him. Whereupon he surrendered his office, and
submitted p himself in the Star-chamber, on June lf)th, to be
fined at the King's pleasure; and his mulct was set at 6000 1.
whereof 20001. was remitted, upon condition that the other
40001. should be paid within the compass of that year. This he
endured (saith Sir John Hayward)/* with a manly patience, as
knowing right well, that he held all the residue of his estate on
courtesy of those who hated him at the heart. But in December
following, he r obtained a general pardon of all the offences and
transgressions, and other negligences, except debts due to his Ma-
jesty in the court of Exchequer, the Augmentation, the Wards,
and the first-fruits and Tenths. At which time an s indenture

n Hayward's Life of Edward VI. in Hist, of Eng. Vol. II. p. 319.

o Ashmole's Order of the Garter, p. 285. f Strype, p. 381

1 Life of Edward VI. p. 311. , . r Strype, Vol. II. p. 382.

• Ibid.

182 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

was made between the King and him, whereby he was to pay to
his Majesty iOOl. per annum, and 1000 1. at Christmas next, and
the same sum the Christmas following. Yet in February ensuing
he l had a discharge for the payment of 20001. and the next month
obtained a grant from the King to him, and his posterity for ever,
of the coat of arms since borne by the family ; which had been
taken from him, on pretence that it was given him by a King of
Arms, who had not sufficient power to grant the same.

On King Edward's death, he "joined with the Earl of Arun-
del, the chiefest champion of Queen Mary; and after she had
been proclaimed Queen in the city of London, accompanied with
thirty horse, rode post with him that night, to certify her of her
subjects loyal intentions. Whereupon they were x sworn of the
Privy-council, on her coming to the Tower; and had a >' special
pardon ; and with others, commissioned to z hear and determine
all such claims as should be made on the day of her coronation.
She also restored him to the noble order of the Garter, by decree
in a chapter holden at St. James's, on September 2/th, 1553, 1
Mariae; so that, as Ashmolea observes, the honour might he said
to have been rather wrongfully suspended, than justly lost : for
in confirmation of his restoration, he had the gaiter buckled on
his leg again by two of the Knights companions present, and the
collar of the order put about his shoulders, with the George de-
pending thereat j and a command then also given Garter, to take
care that his achievements should be again publicly set up over
his stall at "VYindsor; being the same he before possessed, viz. the
ninth on the Sovereign's side. Mr. Ashmole further observes^
( That the records of the order brand this degradation of injustice;
it being inferable, that when honour is conferred on the score of
virtue and great endowments, the consideration of these supplies
the defect and obscurity of extraction. Whence it came, that
the then Sovereign (whose prerogative it was to declare and inter-
pret the statutes), being at that time present in chapter, thought
fit to qualify the law, and gave him this honourable commenda-
tion, " That he had highly deserved of the nation by his prudence
and counsel."

The Queen also the same year bestowed on him divers grants,1*
as the rectory and advowson of Alcestre, in com. Leic. the mar-?

t Strype, Vol. II. p. 383. u Godwin's Annals, p. 27s.

x Strype, Vol. III. p. 16. y Bill. Sign. 1. Mar.

7- Rymer, torn. XV. p. 388. a Order of the Gaiter, p. 28$.

b Bill, sign & privat. sigill. eod. an.

EARL OF UXBRIDGE. 183

i-iage of Thomas Willoughby, and the reversion of the manor of
Great-Marlow, in Buckinghamshire. In March, 1553-4, he was
commissioned,0 with others, to treat wLh the Ambassadors of
Charles V. Emperor of the Romans, about a treaty of marriage
between the Queen and Philip Duke of Austria, son of the said
Emperor. In the 2d year of Queen Mary, soon after her marriage
with King Philip, he was sent Ambassador (with Sir Edward
Hastings), to the Emperor, then at Brussels, to signify dfrom
Majesties of England, their joint longing to see Cardinal Pole,
ff That by his authority he might rectify the church of England,
wonderfully out of tune, by reason of the schism wherewith it had
£>een afflicted." They came to Brussels on November llth,e and
returned with the Cardinal to Westminster on the 24th.

On January 29th, 2 and 3 Phil, and Mary, he was f constituted
Lord Privy-Seal. And on May ISth, 1555, he went over to Calais
with Cardinal Pole, the Earl of Arundel, and others, to g treat
with the commissioners of the said Emperor, and Henry II. King
of France, and to mediate a peace between them. But all the
pains they took to reconcile their differences had but little
effect.

On Queen Elizabeth's accession to the throne, November 17th,
1558, at his own request (as Camden h writes in his life of Queen
Elizabeth), he quitted the public service, though in her favour;
' she retaining an affection and value for him, though he was a
strict zealot of the Romish church.' By his 'last wiJl and testa-
ment, bearing date November 4th, 1560, wherein he styles him-
self William Lord Paget, Knight of the Garter, ]Lord Paget of
Beaudessert, he orders his body to be buried at Drayton, in com.
Middlesex, if he deceased within forty miles; or at Burton, in
Staffordshire, if he died within forty miles of that place, with
such funeral solemnities as his executors think convenient. He
bequeathed to the Lady Anne his wife, the use of the furniture
of his houses in London, and West Drayton, in Middlesex, as
long as she lived unmarried, and after her decease, to his son and
heir, Sir Henry Paget, Knt. to whom he bequeathed the use of
his great standing cup, with the cover, double gilt, weighing one
hundred ounces and a half, and to remain from heir to heir, as
an heir-loom. And to his sons, Thomas and Charles Paget, and

c Rymer, torn. XV. p. 372. d Godwin, p, 307.

e Strype, Vol. III. p. 156. f Pat. 2 & 3 Phil. & Mar. p. 8.

% Strype, Vol. III. p. 217, a 18. h Hist, of Eng. Vol. II. p. 394.

i E* regist. Chayre, qu. 17, in cur. prajrog. Cant.

1S4 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

to every one of his children living at his decease, a pair of gilt
pots, of the value of 20 1. He leaves, besides other legacies, an-
nuities to his sons Charles and Thomas, and his daughter, Eleanor
Palmer. The residue of his estate he bequeaths to his son and heir,
Sir Henry Paget, with his mansion-house without Temple bar,
called Paget place, and lately Exeter-place; and appoints him his
sole executor. Which will was proved on July 1st, 1563.

He was buried at Drayton; but his Lady, and his son Thomas,
erected a very stately monument to his memory, above the choir
in the cathedral of Litchfield, which, together with that beau-
tiful church, was destroyed in the time of the rebellion against
Charles I. but by the care, and at the cost of the Lord Hatton, a
draught of it was taken, whereon the following inscription was

engraven :l

*

Illustri Heroi pics memories, Domino Gulielmo Paget, Equiti
viaxime honor ati ordinis Garterii, Regulo seu Baroni de Beaude-
sert; potentissimi Principis Henrici Octavi ad Carolum Quintum
Imperatorem, semper augustum, & Franciscum, Gallorum Begem
Chris lianissi mum, Legato sapientissimo, ejusdem Principis prin-
cipi Secretario, isf Consiliario Jidelissimo ; inter alios hujus poten-
ths'nni Regni Administrator'!, in Testamento Regio nominato:
Ducatus Lancastrics (regnante EdvaxdoJ Concellario dignissimo :
Hospitii Regii Censori, seu Contrarotulatori prudentissimi : Pri-
yati Sigilli serenissimes Begincs Maries Custodi sanctissimo: II-
lustrissimcs Begins Elizabeths Seni charissimo, Senatori gra-
vissimo ; isf optime de Patria sua, iff bonis omnibus merito.
Necnon Domincs Anncs jidelissimee Conjugi sua, iff Domino Hen-
rico utriusque charissimo Filio, iff Katharina, Henrici uxori dul-
cissima; pr a diet a Anna clarissima Fcejnina iff Domina Catherina,
uxor dicti Henrici suavissima; iff pranobilis Vir Dominus Thomas
Paget in prcesentia Begulus de Beaudesert, de sententia isf ultima
voluntate dictorum Gulielmi iff Henrici, animis libentissimis, iff
summo studio officii memores posuere. Vixit Annis 57, ob. 9 Junii,
1563.

His Lordship married Annc,k daughter and sole heir of Henry
Preston, Esq. son and heir of Laurence Preston, second son to
Thomas Preston, of Preston, in com. Ebor. She survived many

1 See it engraved in Shaw's Staffordshire
k Ex stemraate.

EARL OF UXBRIDGE. 185

years,1 and was buried at West Drayton, with great funeral so.
lemnity, on February 15th, 1586. Their issue were four sons 5
Henry, Thomas, Charles, and Edward, which last died young;
also six daughters; Etheldred, married to Sir Christopher Allen,
Knt; Joan, who was the first wife to Sir Thomas Kitson, of
Hengrave, in Suffolk, Knt.j Anne, to Sir Henry Lee, Knt.;
Eleanor, to Jerome Palmer, Esq.; and, secondly, to Sir Rouland
Clerk, Knt.; Dorothy, to Thomas Willoughby, of Wollaton, in
com. Nottingh. Knt.; and Grisild, to Sir Thomas Rivet, of Chip-
penham, in Camb. Knt, ; and, secondly, to Sir William Wald-
grave, of Smallbridge, in com. Suffolk, Knt.

His eldest son and successor, Henry, second Lord Paget,
was m made one of the Knights of the Bath, at the coronation of
Queen Mary; and being summoned to parliament in 8 Eliz. n
took his place there on September 30lh. By his last testament,0
dated on November 27th, 1568, he orders his body to be buried
in the parish church of West Drayton, in com. Middlesex; ap-
pointing that a convenient tomb should be erected over the graves
of his father, and mother, and his own grave. He bequeaths to
the Lady, his mother, the ring, with a diamond, which he had
of the gift of his very good Lord the Earl of Leicester. And if
he happens to decease without issue male, he bequeaths to Eliza-
beth, his daughter, 5001. and if the Lady Catherine his wife, be
with child, and it be a daughter, 5001. but if no issue male, then
5001. more. He ordains all his furniture within his mansion-
houses of Paget-place, and Drayton, in Middlesex; Beaudesert,,
and Burton, in the county of Stafford, shall continue to such as
shall be owners thereof. He bequeaths to his brothers, Thomas
and Charles Paget, all his books, if he deceases without issue
male; constitutes the Lady Catharine, his wife, sole executrix,
and overseer, his brother Thomas Paget, Henry Knevet, John
Vaughan, and Richard Cooper, Esqrs. And by a codicil, dated
November 13th, 1568, he bequeathed all his right and term of
years he had to come, in all those woods called Great-hedge,
situate in the parish of Icknam, in the county of Middlesex, and
in the parsonage of Harmonsworth, in the said county, after the
decease of the Lady his mother, to such as at the time of her de-

1 MS. collect. Guil. Dethick, Gart. not. A. 31. in Bibl. Joh, Anstis, Arm.
m Strype, Vol. II. p. 35. B Journ. of pari.

° Ex regifit. Sheffield, qu. u.

186 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

cease shall inherit the manour of West Drayton, for the belter
maintenance of hospitality in the rnanson-house there.

He died on December 28th, ensuingj and the probate of his
will bears date on May 4th, 156g.

He had issue, by Catharine his wife, daughter of Sir Henry
Knevet, of Buckenham/ in com. Norf. Knt. one daughter, Eli-
zabeth, who was four months old at the death of her father, and
died on June 'igth, 1571. His relict was, secondly, -married to
Sir Edward Cary, of Aldenham, in Hertfordshire, Knt. ances-
tor to the present Viscount Falkland, of the kingdom of Scot-
land.

Thomas, third Lord Paget, his brother, had summons 1 to
parliament in 13 Eliz. and took his place there on April 4th. But
in 27 Eliz. being zealously affected to the Romish religion, and
letters having been intercepted, which betrayed his being a well-
wisher to the Queen of Scots,1* he, on the apprehension of Francis
Throgmorton, privately (with Charles Arundel, a courtier) with-
drew into France, where, as Camden writes, ' They heavily be-
wailed and complained amongst themselves, that the Queen was,
without any fault or desert of theirs, alienated from them, by the
subtil artifices of Leicester and Walsingham : that they were un-
worthily disgraced, and ignominiouiiy used : that strange kinds
of tricks and cheats were invented, and secret snares so closely
laid, that they must, whether they would or no, and before they
were aware, be involved in the guilt of high treason : and there
was at home no hope at all of any safety.' And Camden ac-
knowledges, that at that time some subtil ways were taken to try
how men stood affected. s

Holjinshed l relates, that Charles Paget, this Lord's brother,
was a principal agent for the Roman Catholics, as it was proved
on examination of the Earl of Northumberland's case, viz. that
in September, 1583, he came privately from beyond the sea, to
the Earl of Northumberland at Petworth, where the Lord Paget
met him: and that on Throgmorton's being committed to the
Tower, the Earl of Northumberland prevailed on the Lord Paget
to quit the realm, and provided him a ship on the coast of Sussex,
wherein he embarked.

P See Doddr. on Nobility, p. 79,
9 Journ of Pari. r Camden, p. 497.

« About this time one of the Lord Pagets had the character of being a

Poet.

t Chron, p. 1406, 1407.

EARL OF UXBRIDGE. 187

Thereupon, in the parliament holden at Westminster in 29
Eliz. he was u attainted, with his brother Charles, and their lands
and possessions confiscated, whereby the Earl of Leicester got a
grant of Paget-house. He died at Brussels in 1589: his death,
as Camden x observes, ' proving a sad and universal loss to the
common -wealth of learning.' He married Nazaret, daughter of
Sir John Newton, of Barr's-court, in the county of Somerset,
Knt. ancestor to the late Sir Michael Newton, Knight of the Bath,
and had issue William, his son and heir. She was the relict of
Sir Thomas Southwell, of Norfolk, Knt. and died at London, on,
April 16th, 15S3.

William, fourth Lord Paget, was knighted before the
39th of Eliz. when he accompanied f the Earl of Essex in that
signal expedition of taking the town and island of Cales. And
in the parliament held in the 1st of James I. was restored to his
lands and honours. He married Lettice, daughter and coheir to
Henry Knollys, of Kingsbury, in Warwickshire, Esq. by Mar-
garet his wife, daughter and coheir of Sir Ambrose Cave, Knt.
of the Privy-council to Queen Elizabeth, and Chancellor of the
duchy of Lancaster, fourth son of Sir Richard Cave, of Stanford,
in Northamptonshire, Knt. ancestor to Sir Thomas Cave, Bart.
And the said Henry Knollys was a younger son to Sir Francis
Knollys, Knight of the Garter, and Treasurer of the household to
Queen Elizabeth. By this Lady he had issue three sons; Wil-
liam, his successor^ Henry and Thomas, who both died unmar-
ried; also four daughters; Margaret, the eldest, married to Sir
William Hicks, of Ruckholt, in com. Essex, Bart.; Dorothy died
unmarried j Catharine, wife to Sir Anthony Irby, of Boston, in
com. Line. Knt. ancestor to the present Lord Boston; and Anne,
first wedded to Sir Simon Harcourt, of Stanton Harcourt, in com.
Oxon, Knt. ancestor to the present Earl Harcourt; and after-
wards to Sir William Waller, Knt. the famous General of the
parliament's forces. The said William Lord Paget departing this
life2 on August 29th, 1629, was buried at Drayton, and was suc-
ceeded by William, his son and heir, as the inquisition shews,
taken after his decease, at Burton upon Trent, in com. Staff, on
August 13th, in 5 Car. 1.

William, fifth Lord Paget, was a nineteen years of age

« Camden, p. 526. x Ibid. p. 558. 7 Ibid. p. 593,

* MS. Cole's esc. lib. 1. p. 329, in Bibl. Harl,
» Ibid.

1 88 . PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

on September 13th, preceding the death of his father, and was
made Knight of the Bath at the coronation of Charles I. He was
one of the Lords, who, after the expedition against the Scots,1'
signed a petition to the King (dated August 18th, 1640, and de-
livered at York), wherein they set forth their zeal to the King
and Kingdom, and offered to his Majesty's wisdom, several griev-
ances of the subject, the dangers thereby to the church and state,
and to his own person, and the means to prevent them. ' For
remedy, they humbly beseech his Majesty to summon a parlia-
ment, whereby the causes of these grievances may be taken away,
and the authors and counsellors of them punished. That the
present war may be composed without blood, to the honour and
safety of the King, the comfort of the people, and the uniting of
both realms.'

In 1642, he was c appointed, by the parliament, Lord Lieute-
nant of the county of Buckingham. But soon after, as the Earl
of Clarendon writes,d * being convinced in his conscience, fled
from them, and besought the King's pardon. And for the better
manifesting the tenderness of his compunction, anci the horror he
had of his former guilt, he frankly discovered whatsoever he had
known of their counsels ; and aggravated all the ill they had done,
with declaring it to be done to worse and more horrid ends, than
many good men believed to be possible for them to propose to
themselves.' And at the battle of Edgehill, on October 23d,
1042, the e regiment raised by him, for the King, did great ser-
vice. He was fone of the Lords, who, at Oxford, on January
27th, 1643-4, signed a declaration, by the King's command, of
the most probable means to settle the peace of the kingdom. He
departing this life on October 19th, 1678, at his house in the Old
Palace-yard, Westminster, was buried at Drayton.

He married the Lady Frances Rich, eldest daughter to Henry
Earl of Holland, who was beheaded by the rebels \ and by her,
who was buried "November 12th, 1672, at West Drayton, had
three sons, and seven daughters.

1. William, sixth Lord Paget.

2, Henry, married a daughter of Sandford, of Sandford,

in com. Salop, Esq. and settling in Ireland, had issue a daughter,
Dorothy, married to Sir Edward Irby, Bart, and Thomas Paget,

b Whitlock's Mem. p. 3$. c Ibid. p. 56.

* In Hist, of the Rebel. 8vo. Vol. I. part 2. p. 652.

e Saunderson's Life of King Charles, p. 584.
f Rushworth's Hist, Collect, p. 3. Vol.11, p. 566,

, EARL OF UXBRIDGE. 189

Esq. one of the Grooms of the Bed-chamber to his late Majesty,
and Brigadier-general of his Majesty's forces, and Colonel of a
regiment of foot, whose Lady died on February 15th, 1 740-1 ;
their issue was a daughter, Caroline, married in April, 1/37, to
Sir Nicholas Bayley, of Placenywyd, Bart, by whom she was mo-
ther to the present Earl of Uxbridge.

3. Thomas died unmarried.

The seven daughters were, Isabella, who died unmarried ;
Lettice, wedded to Richard Hampden, of Great-Hampden, in
com. Bucks, Esq. 5 Elizabeth, who died unmarried; Frances,
espoused to Rowland Hunt, of Boreatton, in com. Salop, Esq.;
Penelope, to Philip Foley, of Prestwood, in com. Stafford, Esq.;
Diana, to Sir Henry Ashhurst, of Waterstock, in com. Oxon, Bart,
she died in September 1 707* and was buried at Woodstock; and
Anne, youngest daughter, died unmarried. > *

William, sixth Lord Paget, his eldest son and heir, took
his sseat in the house of Peers, on November 25th, 16/8. He
was one of the Lords, who, in l681,h signed that petition to the
King, wherein they represented, ' That his Majesty, on the 21st
of April, 1679, having called to his council many honourable per-
sons, and declared his being sensible of the evil effects of a single
ministry, &c. he would for the future refer all things to his coun-
cil and the parliament, whereby they hoped to see an end of
their miseries; but to their unspeakable grief, found their expec-
tations frustrated, the parliament then subsisting being dissolved
before it could perfect what was intended for their relief and
security. And that hearing his Majesty, by the private sugges-
tions of some wicked persons., &c. (without the advice of the
Privy-council), had been prevailed on to call a parliament to
meet at Oxford, where neither Lords nor Commons can be in
safety, &c. they, out of a just abhorrence of such dangerous and
pernicious counsel (which the authors have not dared to avow),
and the apprehension of the calamities that may ensue, make it
their most humble prayer and advice, that the parliament may
not sit at Oxford, where it cannot be able to act with that free-
dom which is necessary, &e.' The King frowned on the deliverers
of this petition, and persisted in his resolution of holding the par-
liament at Oxford.

He was one of the Peers, who i appeared at the trial of the seven

i Journ. dom, procer. h Hist. ofEng. Vol. III. p. 384.

* Ibid. p. $13^.

190 PEERAGE OF ENGLANt).

Bishops, on June 29th, 1688; which had an effect in their favour,
both on the Judges and the Jury. On the landing of the Prince
of Orange, he was one of the Peers who k petitioned the King,
' That in the deep sense of the miseries of a war in the bowels
of the kingdom, they thought themselves bound in conscience,
humbly to offer to his Majesty, that, in their opinions, the only
visible way to preserve his Majesty and the kingdom, would be
the calling of a free parliament, wherein they should be most
ready to promote such counsels and resolutions of peace and set-
tlement in church and state, as might conduce to his Majesty's
honour and safety, and to the quieting the minds of his people.'
He afterwards voted for the vacancy of the throne, and settling
the crown on the Prince and Princess of Orange. Whereupon,
on their accession, he was, in March 1668-9, constituted Lord
^Lieutenant and Custos Rotulorum of the county of Stafford, and
appointed Envoy-extraordinary to the Emperor. He remained
at the court of Vienna till February, 1092-3; when, being ap-
pointed Ambassador-extraordinary to the Grand Signior, he tra-
velled through Hungary and the Turkish territories to Constan-
tinople.

On February 28th, O. S. he had an audience of the Grand Vi-
zier ; and of the Grand Signior, on March 8th following, 1692-3*
who honourably received him. And the Vizier being deposed;
he had audience of the new Vizier, on March 25th, 1693, when
the proposition he made relating to peace was well received, and
a speedy answer promised. His Lordship was held in great
esteem during his residence at the court of Constantinople, and
by his prudent negociations, at length concluded a peace between
the Emperor and the Grand Signior. About the middle of August
1698, he arrived in the Turkish camp near Belgrade, and having
prevailed for a neutrality to be observed about the place for treat-
ing of peace, he left the Turkish camp on October 19th, for Car-
lowitz, which was appointed for the treaty. On January 26th,
1698-9, the peace between the Imperialists, the Poles, and the
Turks, was signed; and soon after, the peace between Muscovy,
the state of Venice, and the Turks; whereby all Europe was in
tranquillity. His Lordship's great abilities shined through the
whole negociation ; and he spared no cost in the entertainment
of the several mediators, or omitted any thing that might tend to
the honour of his King or country. The Grand Signior expressed

* H'sr. ofEng. Vol. III. p. 529.

JEARL OF UXBRIDGE. igi

& great veneration and esteem for his Majesty of Great Britain,
and assured his Lordship, he should ever retain a grateful memory
of the good offices of his mediation, presenting him with a very
rich vest, and a fine Turkish horse,' with costly furniture.

His Lordship left the Grand Signior's court, at Adrianople, in
May, 1702,- and reaching Vienna in July, staid there till towards
the end of November, to adjust matters relating to a dispute be-
tween the Emperor and the Grand Signior, about the limits of
their respective territories in the province of Bosnia. Having now
fully settled that affair, his Excellency had audience of leave of
the Emperor and Empress, and arrived at London in April, 1703.
He was on June 24th. 1702, appointed Lord Lieutenant of the
county of Stafford ; and dying in an advanced age, at his house
in Bloomsbury-square, on February 26th, 1712-13, was buried in
the church of St. Giles in the Fields, Middlesex. He married
Frances, daughter of the honourable Francis Pierpoint, Esq. a
younger son of Robert Earl of Kingston, by whom he had issue,
William, who died vita patris, unmarried; and Henry, who was
created Earl of Uxbridge. Her Ladyship died on September 2d,
1749, aged near 100. Which

Henry, first Earl of Uxbridge, was elected (in his father's
lifetime), one of the Knights of the shire for the county of Staf-
ford, in the 7th, 10th, 12th, and 13th years of King William;
likewise in the several parliaments in the reign of Queen Anne,
whilst a commoner. In J 702, when George Prince of Denmark
was constituted Lord High Admiral of England, he was appointed
one of his Council in the affairs of the Admiralty; and on June
13th, 17H, was declared Captain of the Yeomen of the Guard;
and the next day, sworn of her Majesty's Privy-council. In the
same year, on December 31st (his father then living), he was
created a Peer of Great Britain, by the style and title of Lord
Burton, Baron of Burton, in the county of Stafford. And suc-
ceeding his father in honour and estate, was constituted Lord
Lieutenant and Custos Rotulorum of the county of Stafford. On
April 17th, 1714, he was appointed Envoy-extraordinary to the
Elector of Hanover (afterwards King George I.), and to the
Princess Sophia, Electress and Duchess Dowager of Hanover.
And on the accession of that Prince to the British throne, he was
continued Captain of the Yeomen of the Guard, and Lord Lieu-
tenant of the county of Stafford. Also, on October icjth, the
same year, created Earl of Uxbridge, in the county of Middle-
sex. And in September, 1715, resigned his employments. His

192 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

Lordship married Mary, eldest daughter and coheir to Thomas
Catesby, of Winston, in the county of Northampton, Esq. by
whom he had issue,

Thomas-Catesby, his only son.

But his Lady dying suddenly at Isleworth, in February 1735-0,
he married, secondly, anno 1/39, Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Wal-
ter Bagot, of Blithfield, Bart, but had no issue by her. His Lord-
ship deceased in August, 1/43.

Thomas-Catesby, Lord Paget, was one of the Gentlemen of
the Bed-chamber to his late Majesty, when Prince of Wales}
and on his accession to the throne, was, on July 4th, 17^7, con-
tinued in the same post. He was elected to parliament for the
county of Stafford, in the two parliaments called by George I.
He was a very ingenious ' man} and author of a volume of Miscel-
lanies in prose and verse, said to have been composed for the noble
author's own amusement in the country, during the intervals of
bad weather in hunting seasons.""1

His Lordship married, on May 3d, 3 718, the Lady Elizabeth,
sister to Scroop, Duke of Bridgewater, by whom he had issue two
sons,

H^enry, successor to his grandfather, and late Earl of Uxbridge,
And

George, who died at Colchester, in the seventeenth year of his
age, in April, 1737, and was buried at Drayton.

And his Lordship died at Drayton, near Uxbridge, in January,
1741-2, in his father's lifetime.

Henry, eighth Peer and second Earl of Uxbridge, was
born in J719, succeeded his grandfather in his titles and estate, in
August, 1743, and died unmarried, November 16th, 17^9, when
the Earldom became extinct, but the title of Baron Paget, of
Beaudesert, devolved upon

Henry Bayley-Paget, ninth Lord Paget, born January
18th, 1744, eldest son of Sir Nicholas Bayley," of Placenwyd, in
the county of Anglesey, Baronet of Ireland, by Caroline, daugh-
ter of Brigadier-general Thomas Paget, grandson of William fifth
Lord Paget.

His Lordship was created Earl of Uxbridge, May 19th, 1784.

1 Pope, on the first publication of the Essay on Man, did net own it; and it
was given, among others, to Lord Pager.

m Park's R. and N. A. IV. 177:
n Sir Nicholas Eayley, Bart, died at his house in Bond Street, 9th December,

1782.

EARL OF UXBRIDGE. 193

But before we speak further of his Lordship, it will be proper
to give his paternal descent.

Bailey, or Bayly,? seems to be an official name, derivable only
from the three Baileries of Scotland ; viz. Carriet, Kyle, and
Cuningham; which, with the county of Galloway, or Galwallia,
at the time of the Roman invasion of our island, were inhabited
by those whom the Romans called Novantes, from their having
expelled the first British possessors into Ireland, and seating them-
selves in their country; by others, they had the appellation of
Galwallians, Gauls, or Welch ; but among themselves they never
would acknowledge any other name than that of Cumbrie, being
a Venedotian colony of the Venta Silurium, which made its way
along Stratchvyd thither, and founded the Northumbrian, or
Northcumbrian kingdom; deriving their origin from the Vale,
or Commot Gauls, of Gallia Commotta, in France, and who were
the first possessors and cultivators of Wales, and the inland parts
of France and Britain, and made the first migrations along the
Locgrian Watling Street, into Cambria, and thence into Scotland;
and the names of places in this part of Scotland seem to be pure
Welch and Irish, having since those names were impressed, suf-
fered some corrupt deviations from the original British language,

The Baileys, or Baylys, derive their origin from their being
Bailiffs, or Earls of these districts from the earliest ages, and the
Bailies of Lamington, in Lanerick, became seated there by mar-
riage with the daughter of Sir William Wallace, owner of La-
mington Castle, and Regent of Scotland in 12Q'/.

Lewis Bailie, otherwise Bayly, a descendant of this ancient fa-
mily, came into England in 1602, with King James I. He was
Chaplain to Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales, and Preceptor to
Charles Prince of Wales, afterwards King Charles I. was elected
Bishop of Bangor, August 26th, 1616, confirmed, December 7th
following, and consecrated the next day. He married Ann,
daughter of Sir Henry Bagenal, of Newry Castle, in Ireland,
Knight, who had very considerable estates, both in England and
Ireland, which are now possessed by Lord Uxbridge, as heir to the
Bagenals; it may not therefore be improper to give a short ac-
count of that family.

Sir Nicholas Bagenal, Knight, who was marshal of her Majesty
Queen Elizabeth's armies in Ireland, was seised of diverse castles,

n From a MS. account of this family in the posseision of Lord Uxbridge.
VOL. V. O

l94 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

manors, lands, and hereditaments in the county of Anglesey, in
1 and 2 of Philip and Mary (as appears by an ancient survey
thereof, now in the possession of Lord Uxbridge, his descendant).
The said Sir Nicholas Bagenal married Ellen, eldest daughter
and coheir of Edward Griffith, of Penrhyn, in the county of Caer-
narvon, Esq. by whom he had issue six sons and eight daughters;
viz. Edward, Jane (who both died young); Henry, Dudley, Am-
brose, Frances, Mary, Ralph, Jane, Isabel, Margaret, Edward,
Anne, and Ursula. The said Lady Ellen Bagenal died in Ireland
the gth of February, 1573, and was buried in the church of
Newry, the 21st of the same month; and Sir Nicholas her hus-
band, dying in 1575, his estates descended to his eldest surviv-
ing son, the above-mentioned Sir Henry Bagenal, Knight, who
was born at Carlingford, in Ireland, August 3d, 1556; he was
also marshal of Queen Elizabeth's armies in Ireland many years,
and for his eminent services had grants from the crown of many
extensive manors, lordships, royalties, castles, advowsons, &c. in
that kingdom; he married Eleanor, third daughter of Sir John
Savage, of Rock Savage, Knight, by whom he had Arthur, his
eldest son; Griffith, second son; and John, third son; also, one
daughter, Ann, who married ^.ewis Bailie, Bishop of Bangor, as
above-mentioned. The said Sir Henry Bagenal was slain at Black
Walter, in Ireland, August 14th, 15Q8, in an attack upon that
fort or pass; and his widow afterwards married Sackville Trevor,
Esq. son of Sir John Trevor, of Trevallyn, Knight; and in 1602,
settled out of her estate, and gave to the said Ann, the sum of
1000 marks, and the said Sir John Trevor secured to her the fur-
ther sum of 1000 marks, towards her preferment in marriage, to
be paid within one month next after the said Ann should accom-
plish the age of fourteen years, as appears by an original deed,
now in the possession of Lord Uxbridge, bearing date the 5ih
July, in the first year of the reign of King James I.

Arthur Bagenal, the eldest son, succeeded to his father's estates,
and also obtained a very great and extensive grant from King
James I. which was renewed by King Charles I. of divers castles,
manors, royalties, franchises, advowsons, and (inter alia) of the
advowson of the rectory of Kilkeel, in the county of Down, worth
1000 1. per annum; also of lordships, and of a great estate of
lands and hereditaments in the several counties of Louth, Down,
and Ardmagh, in the kingdom of Ireland. He married, in 1602,
Magdalen, daughter of Sir Richard Trevor, of Trevallyn, in the

EARL OF UXBRIDGE, 195

county of Denbigh, Knight, by whom he had issue his only son,
Nicholas; and on the death of the said Arthur, which happened
in 1643, the same descended to his said son, Nicholas Bagenal,
Esq. who first married Sidney, daughter of Roger Grosvenor, of
Eaton, in the county of Chester, Esq. and after her death, he
married Lady Ann Charlotte Bruce, daughter of Robert, first Earl
of Ailesbury and Elgin ; but dying without issue in 1712, all his
estates in Great Britain and Ireland descended to Edward Bayley,
his heir at law, as descended from Ann, daughter of Sir Henry
Bagenal, wife of Lewis Bailie, Bishop of Bangor, who was
grandmother to the said Edward, afterwards Sir Edward Bayly,
Baronet.

Lewis Bailie, Bishop of Bangor, died October 26th, 1631, leav-
ing two sons, Nicholas and John, and was buried on the south
side of the communion rails in his own cathedral 3 it does not ap-
pear that any monument was erected for him ; but his statue is
in the cathedral of Bangor, which the Cromwellians defaced, and
also burnt some valuable manuscripts of his, which were in the
library there.

Nicholas Balie, or Bayly, the eldest son, was, for his activity
in his Majesty King Charles I's cause, and for having been con-
cerned in Col. Penruddock's scheme, pursued by Oliver Cromwell
into Wales j but, disguising himself in the form of a servant, nar-
rowly escaped being taken by a party of horse, who had sur-
rounded his house; Cromwell declaring, that, though he fled to
the mountains, he would make him as low as the grass: he was
governor of Galway, and of the isles of Arran, in Ireland, and
had a commission from King Charles I. to raise a regiment, and
was afterwards one of the gentlemen of the bed-chamber to King
Charles II. He was the person who first carried over to King
Charles II. at Brussels (where he then resided), the intelligence,
that general Monk had marched a second time with his whole
army into the city of London, to apologize for the insults which
two days before he had been obliged to offer, by pulling down
the posts and chains in the streets, and demolishing the gates and
portcullises of the city, as well as seizing some of the principal
citizens, which he had done by order of Parliament; but that he
then begged a strict union might be effected between the city
and army, and that they might aid and assist each other in every
attempt for the settlement of the nation j he also carried with
him a copy of the letter which Monk had sent to the Parliament,

lgG PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

complaining of the above-mentioned odious task they had im-
posed upon him, and demanding, in the name of the citizens,,
soldiers, and community at large, the summoning of a new Par-
liament, &c. He was introduced to the King by the Marquis of
Ormond, and found him, and his small court, in the greatest
consternation and dejection of mind; but this news gave him a
dawning of hope, and he was much refreshed with this unex-
pected alteration, and his dispirited family and servants were re-
vived by it. Lord Clarendon0 observes; " The time was so
short, from the hour that he left London, that the expedition of
his journey was incredible, nor could any man undertake to come
from thence in so short a time upon the most important affair,
and for the greatest reward ; and that nothing but his own devo-
tion to the King could tempt him to undertake so hazardous a
journey." But the credentials which he brought with him re-
moved all doubt.

He married Ann, daughter and heir of Hall, Esq. and

had issue an only son, Edward, and a daughter, Ann, married to
John Murray, Esq. a Major in the army, by whom she was mo-
ther to a sou, John Murray, Lieutenant-governor of Portsmouth;
and two daughters, Dorothy, and Anna Maria, who married
Thomas Pitt, of Old Sarum, Esq.

Edward Balie, or Bayly, the only son, was created a Baronet
of the kingdom of Ireland by letters patent, dated July 4th, 1730.
He married Dorothy, one of the daughters of Oliver Lambert,
Esq. son of Charles Earl of Cavan, and sister and heir of An-
thony Lambert, by whom he had five sons and three daughters;
viz. 1. Nicholas, his heir. 2. Edward, D.D. and Dean of Ard-
fert, Chancellor of the cathedral church of St. Patrick, Dublin;
and Rector of Kilkeel, in the county of Down, who married,
January 13th, 1738, Catherine, daughter of Nicholas Price, of
Holly-Mount, in the county of Downe, in Ireland, Esq. widow
of John Savage, of Porto-ferry, Esq. by whom he had one son,
John, who died young; and a daughter, Dorothy, married to
Thomas Butler, eldest son of Sir Richard Butler, of Gary Hun-
don, in the county of Carlow, Bart. 3. Bagenal, who died young,
and is buried in Dublin. 4. Lambert, a Barrister at law, of the
city of Dublin, who married Elizabeth, daughter of John Rotton,
of the said city, Esq. and by her, who long lived his widow, had

• Vide History of the Rebellion, p. 563, et icq.

EARL OF UXBRIDGE. 197

two sons, Edward and John, both clergymen. 5. Charles, in the
Marine service, and married to Ann, daughter of " ■ Graves,
or Greaves; of Moseley Hall, Worcestershire, Esq. The daugh-
ters were, Dorothy, who married Robert Davies, of Llannerchin,
in Denbighshire, Esq.j Arabella, who died unmarried, and was
buried at St. Peter's, in Dublin 5 and Anna-Lucinda, unmarried.

The said Sir Edward died in September, 1741, and was buried
at Delgeny, in the county of Wicklow, in Ireland;; as was his
lady, who survived till August 16th, 1745. On Sir Edward's
death, his title and estates descended to his eldest son,

Sir Nicholas Bayly, Bart, who was chosen to several par-
liaments, as Knight of the shire for the county of Anglesey. He
was also, on the 23d day of June, in the 33d year of the reign of
his late Majesty King George II. appointed his Majesty's Custos
Rotulorum of the said county ; and on the 24th of June, in the
first year of his present Majesty King George III. was again ap-
pointed to that office; also, on the 25th of November, in the
second year of his present Majesty, was appointed his Majesty's
Lieutenant of the said county, in the room of George, Earl of
Cholmondeley.

He first married, on April 19th, 1737.* Carolina, daughter and
sole heir of Thomas Paget, Esq. one of the Grooms of the Bed-
chamber to his Majesty King George I. and Brigadier-General of
his Majesty's forces (by Mary, his wife, daughter and co-heir of
Peter Whitcomb, of Great Braxtead., in Essex, Esq.), son of the
honourable Henry Paget, by Mary, his wife, daughter of
Sandford, of Sandford, in Shropshire, Esq. second son of Wil-
liam, Jifth Lord Paget, by Frances his wife, eldest daughter of
Henry, Earl of Holland: by which lady, who died February 7th;
1766, and was buried in the vault of her husband's family, in the
parish church of Llanldwen, in the county of Anglesey, he had
six sons and five daughters ; viz.

1. Edward, who died unmarried in 1756, and was buried at
Portsmouth.

2. Henry, now Earl of Uxbridge. x .

3. Nicholas, born at Plas-Newyth, in Anglesey, \74Q, formerly
a Captain in the first regiment of Foot-guards, and now Colonel
of the West Middlesex Militia. He has issue.

4. Thomas. And, 5. Brownlow, died infants.

0. Paget, born at Plas-Newyth, 1753, formerly a Lieutenant in

l9g PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

the Royal Navy; died November 15th, 1804, leaving issue by
Miss Colepepper.

The daughters were; 1. Mary, married July 3d, 1766, to Ste-
phen Metcalfe, of Sereby, near Brig, in com. Line. Esq. died
October 20th, 179O. 2. Dorothy, married, 1760, to George Forbes,
Earl of Granard, but died at Knightsbridge, February 19th,
1764, and was buried at St. James's, Westminster. 3. Caro-
line died unmarried, 1 7S6. 4. Gertrude, who died at Bristol, in
1761, unmarried. And, 5. Louisa- Augusta, born December 4th,
1750, married, April 6th, 1789, Captain Thomas Poplett, R.N.

Sir Nicholas died December 9th, 1782, aged seventy-five years/

leaving his second wife daughter of Hunter,

surviving.

Henry Bayly-Paget, Earl of Uxbrtdge, was born June
18th, 1744, and baptised the 16th of the next month, in the pa-
rish of St. George, Hanover Square : he succeeded to the Barony
of Paget (by the death of Henry Paget, second Earl of Uxbridge,
and Baron Paget, of Beaudesert, who died unmarried, November
17th, 1769), in right of his mother, as heir general to Sir William
Paget, Knight of the Garter, who was summoned to parliament
by writ, December 3d, 4 Edward VI. 1549, as Baron Paget of
Beaudesert, in the county of Stafford 5 and was accordingly sum-
moned to Parliament, by writ, dated January 13th, 1770, and
assumed the name and arms of Paget, in virtue of his Majesty's
sign manual, dated the 29th of the same month. On July 3d,
1773, his Lordship was, in a full convocation of the university
of Oxford, created LL.D. and on July 20th, 1782, was ap-
pointed Lord Lieutenant and Custos Rotulorum of the county of
Anglesey.

On May 19th, 1784, his Lordship was created Earl of Ux-
bridge.

His Lordship was married at Castle Forbes, the seat of the Earl
of Granard, April 11th, 1767, to Jane, eldest daughter of Arthur
Champagne, Dean of Clonmacnoise, in Ireland (only son of
Major Josias Champagnd, by Jane his wife, daughter of Arthur
Forbes, Earl of Granard, in Ireland) 3 which marriage was con-
firmed by another, in the parish of St. Anne, Dublin, on the 7th
of August following.

1. Henry- William, Lord Paget, born March 17th, 1768, a

p Coffin-plate.

EARL OF UXBRIDGE. 199

Lieutenant-general in the army, and colonel of the 7th regiment
of dragoons ; married, July 25th, 1795, Carolina-Elizabeth,
daughter of George, fourth Earl of Jersey, and has a numerous
issue.

2. William, born December 22d, 1769, who died in 1794.

3. Sir Arthur, born January 15th, 1771> a Knight of the mili-
tary order of the Bath, and late Envoy-extraordinary to the Sub-
lime Porte.

4. Caroline, born February 6th, 1773 5 married, April 9th,
] 792, Johu-Thomas, second son of William-Ann Hollis, fourth
Earl of Essex.

5. Jane, born September 1st, 1774; married April 18th, 1797,
George, now Earl of Galloway.

6. Edward, born November 3d, 1775, a Major-general in the
army, and colonel of the 80th regiment of foot -, married, May
21st, 1804, the Honourable Louisa Bagor, daughter of William
first Lord Bagot, who died May 30th, 1806.

7. Louisa, born March 26th, 17775 married, March 5th, 1801,
to Colonel James Erskine.

8. Charles, born October 7th, 1778, M. P. for Carnarvon,
Captain of the Revenge in the royal navy, married, March 7th,
1805, Elizabeth-Araminta, second daughter of Henry Monck,
Esq.

9. Berkeley, born January 2d, 1780, M.P. for the county of
Anglesea, Major in the Jth Regiment of dragoons; married, No-
vember 22d, 1804, Sophia, daughter of the Hon. William Buck-
nail Grimston, and niece to Viscount Grimston, and has issue a
daughter, born in December 1 805.

10. Charlotte, born October 27th, 1781; married, October
15th, 1805, John Willoughby, Earl of Enniskillen.

11. Mary, born, April 9th, 1783 3 married, June 27th, 1803^
Thomas Lord Graves.

His Lordship is Lord Lieutenant of the counties of Anglesey
and Stafford, Keeper of the Castle of Carnarvon, Ranger of Snow-
don Forest, Vice-Admiral of North- Wales, Pembrokeshire, and
county of Carmarthen, L.L.D.

Titles. Henry Bayley-Paget, Lord Paget of Beaudesert, in
Staffordshire, and Earl of Uxbridge.

Creations. Baron Paget, of Beaudesert, in com. Stafford, Ja-
nuary 19th, 1550, 4 Edward VI.; Earl of Uxbridge, May 19th,
1784.

200 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

Arms. Quarterly, first and fourth, Sable, on a cross engrailed,
between 4 eagles displayed, Argent, 5 lions passant of the first,
for Pagetj second and third, Azure Q Estoiles, 3, 3, 2, and 1,
Argent for Bayly.

Crest. On a wreath, a demi tiger, Sable, tufted and maned,
Argent, and ducally gorged, Or.

Supporters. Two tigers, Sable, tufted and maned, Argent, and
ducally gorged, Or.

Motto. Per il suo contrario.

Chief Seats. At Sinai Park, and Beaudesert, both in Stafford-
shire,- and Plas-Newyth, in the county of Anglesey.

EARL OF NORWICH. 201

GORDON EARL OF NORWICH.

Though there are many elegant histories of this ancient and
illustrious family, written by learned and judicious antiquaries,
yet they differ greatly as to their origin and first settlement in
the island.

Some bring them from Greece to Gaul, and from thence to
Scotland, at least a thousand years agoj others bring them from
Italy 3 others from Spain, Flanders, &c.

It is certain there were many considerable families of the name
of Gordon in France, long before the Norman Conquest of Eng-
land, whose descendants are subsisting in France to this day.

The most probable conjecture, therefore, is, that some of these.
Gordons came to England with William Duke of Normandy, anno
1066, and to Scotland with King Malcolm Canmore, or his son
King David L for it is well known that the ancestors of several
of the best families in Scotland are of Norman extraction, and
removed into Scotland with one or other of these princes.

It is also said, that in the reign of King Malcolm Canmore, a
valiant Knight, of the name of Gordon, went into Scotland, and
was kindly received by that Prince j and having killed a wild
boar which greatly infested the borders, the generous Malcolm
gave him a grant of several lands in the Merse, or Berwickshire,,
which he called Gordon, after his own surname. He settled there,
and took the boar's head for his armorial bearing, in memory of
his having killed that monstrous animal. He was progenitor of
all the Gordons in Scotland j and mention is made of Adam de
Gordon the father, and Adam his son, in the reigns of the said
Malcolm and David.

It is most certain, the Gordons were making no small figure in

202 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

Scotland immediately after that sera ; we shall, therefore, deduce
the descent of this great and most noble family by unquestionable
authority, from their immediate ancestor,

Richard de Gordon, said to be grandson of the Knight who
killed the boar, or son of the second Adam. He was a man of
considerable distinction in the reigns of King Malcolm IV. and
King William the Lion, whd succeeded Malcolm in 1 165.

He was undoubtedly proprietor of the lands and barony of
Gordon, and others, in Berwickshire, as is proved by a donation
he made, *' To St. Mary's church of Kelso, and the monks serv-
ing God there, and to the church of St. Michael, in his village of
Gordon (a bounded piece of his lands and estate of Gordon, lying
contiguous to the church-yard of Gordon), in free and perpetual
alms; and grants to whatever minister they shall place in the said
church of Gordon, all the ordinary privileges of pasturage, moss,
muir, and other conveniences that the inhabitants of the lands of
Gordon enjoyed, &c."a

This deed is without date; but by the subsequent confirmation
appears to have been made between the years 1150 and 11 60.

He died about the year 1200, and was succeeded by his son,

Sir Thomas de Gordon, who, by the name of Thomas de Gor-
don, films Ricardi, &c. grants a charter of confirmation of all the
donations made by his father to God and St. Mary's church at
Kelso, and to the monks serving God there, &c. and that in as
full, free, and ample a manner as expressed in the deeds of his
father.b

Contemporary with this Thomas there flourished, in France,
Bertram de Gordon, who wounded, with an arrow, Richard the
First, King of England, before the castle of Chalons; of which
wound he died, 119Q/'

About this time lived Adam de Gordon, in Scotland, as appears
by a charter of confirmation, in which Richard, Bishop of St. An-
drews, confirms to the Abbacy of Kelso, in free and perpetual
aims, the church of Gordon, with the whole of its parish (viz. of
Gordon and Spotiswood), and in which he, at the desire of the
abbot and monks, pointed out a church-yard, or burial place to
that parish; but granting liberty to the inhabitants of the other
half of the lands of Gordon belonging to Adam de Gordon, to

» Chartulary of Kelso, in the Lawyers' Library, Edinburgh; and printed in the
Appendix to Mr. Gordon's History of the Family of Gordon.

b Chartul. &. App. praedict. c. Hoveden's History, p. 791.

EARL OF NORWICH. 203

take the sacrament and bury either there or at their pleasure in
their mother church of Home, &c.d

Richard was Bishop of St. Andrews from 1163 to 1178; so
this deed must have been made within that space.

If this Adam was not a younger brother, or son of Richard, he
was certainly a near relation of the family, seeing he possessed
part of the lordship of Gordon. He is frequently witness to char-
ters and donations to the monastery of Kelso, in the reign of King
William the Lion, wo died anno 1214,e and was probably grand-
father to Adam, who married the heiress Alicia, hereafter men-
tioned.

Thomas died in the reign of King Alexander II. (son of King
William the Lion), and was succeeded by his son,

Sir Thomas de Gordon, who by a charter confirmed to the
monks and abbot of Kelso, all the donations and concessions made
to them by Richard de Gordon, his grandfather, and Thomas his
father. f

In two other charters granted by him, with the consent of
Marjory his wife, to the said abbot and monks of Kelso, for the
salvation of his own soul, and those of his wife and daughters, his
ancestors and successors, &c. he again confirms all his father's
and grandfather's donations; also grants them several other privi-
leges and possessions in his lordship of Gordon, and commits his
body to them to be buried at Kelso, as they shall see flt.s

He also made a donation to the religious at Coldstream of pas-
turage upon the lands of Thorndyke and Gordon, wherein he is
styled, son of Sir Thomas Gordon, Knt.h

This Sir Thomas is mentioned in two or three charters to the
monastery of Kelso, anno 1258, in which he is called Sir Thomas
de Gordon, Knight,1 He, leaving no male issue,k was succeeded
in his whole lands and estate by his daughter,

Alicia de Gordon, who, in many charters, is styled daughter
and heiress of Sir Thomas: she married her cousin Adam de Gor-
don, who, in the beginning of the reign of King Alexander, in a
donation to the monastery of Coldstream, is called Adam, son of
Adam de Gordon, and was'probably grandson of Adam, proprietor

d Chartul. & Append. >

e lb. Chartul. of Coldstream, and Buchanan's Hist, p; 222.
f Chartul of Kelso. g Ibid, and Gordon's Appendix.

h Chartul. of Coldstream. i Chartul. of Kelso.

k Pontius de Gordon, of a considerable family in Normandy, lived about this
time. See Rymer's Feed. I. 761.

204 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND,

of part of the estate of Gordon abovementioned; by which mar-
riage, the whole lordship of Gordon became united in one
family.

This Adam granted an inclosed piece of land, lying in the ter-
ritory of Fawn's, in Berwickshire, to the monastery of Dryburgh,
for the salvation of his own soul, the souls of Alicia his spouse,
his ancestors and successors.1

When King Alexander III. sent one thousand auxiliaries to
King Lewis of France, to attend him in his expedition into the
Holy Land, anno 1270 ; Adam de Gordon was one of the chief
commanders, and lost his life in that enterprise, leaving issue by
the said Alicia, a son, Sir Adam, their heir.

Alicia survived her husband, as appears by her charter of con-
firmation to the religious in Kelso, in these words, " Alicia de
Gordon Jilia et hetes quondam domini Thomce de Gordon, militiss
in pur a v'iduitate, &c. pro salute animce mece et animarum fratris
mei, et Adce de Gordon quondam sponsi mei, &c. confirm asse,
£ffc. omnes donationes, &c. a domino Ricardo proavo meo, sive a
domino Thoma quondam patre meo, £9V." to which deed her seal
is appendant.™

Adam de Gordon, their son and heir, was, after the death of
his mother, styled, " Lord of Gordon," and confirmed all the do-
nations of his predecessors to the religious at Kelso.

This Adam appears to have had some property in England,
whether his own inheritance or in right of his wife, who was an
Englishwoman, cannot now be determined. He is probably the
^ame Adam de Gordon, who, during the dispute between King
Henry the Third of England and his Barons, sided with the lat-
ter, and was some time governor of Dunster castle ; but after the
battle of Evesham^ in which most of the principal leaders of the
barons were either killed or taken prisoners, he making his escape,
and being reckoned the strongest man in England, maintained
himself with eighty horse, in the woods between Alton and Farn-
ham,n and plundered the counties of Berks and Surrey, until he
was surprised by Prince Edward, while his men were at some
distance. The Prince, ever fond of military glory, was desirous
of encountering such a famous chief in single combat, and there-
fore commanded his followers to retire: the fight immediately
began j both combatants discovered the most surprising strength,

1 Chartul. of Dryburgh.

*» Chartulary of Kelso, and Gordon's Appendix.

n See White's History of Selborne, in Hants.

EARL OF NORWICH. 205

courage, and dexterity; the victory remained a long time doubt-
ful, at length Adam's foot slipping, he fell to the ground, and lay
at the mercy of the conqueror, who not only granted him his life,
but even admitted him into his service. Adam was so charmed
with the Prince's bravery as well as generosity, that he continued
ever after a faithful friend to the royal cause.0

By a writ, dated at Westminster, June 14th, 1287, he as a
subject of England, was ordered to meet Edmund Earl of Corn-
wall, Lieutenant to King Edward I. at Gloucester, in order to
give advice and assistance in certain great affairs of state, which
should be communicated at meeting jD but whether he attended
or not, is uncertain.

In the dispute between John Baliol and Robert Bruce, for the
crown of Scotland, he was always a firm adherent of the former,
which probably proceeded both from inclination and interest, .as
he held most of his lands either of that Prince, or of the Earls of
March, his fast friends: but he died before King John, as he was
then called, resigned the sovereignty of Scotland to King Edward I*
for Marjory his widow obtained a safe conduct from King Edward
to go into England, and was then styled, Uxor quondam Adce de
Gordon anno 12Q(5.(i

By the said Marjory (but of what family she was is not known)
he left issue a son and successor,

Sir Adam de Gordon, Lord of Gordon, who was certainly one
of the greatest men of that age, being equally qualified for the
cabinet and t;he field.

As all the Gordons in Scotland appear to be descended from
this Sir Adam, and as he is variously represented by different au-
thors, we shall endeavour to trace his conduct, step by step, from
authentic documents, and submit his character to the judgment
of our readers. ,

The first mention that we find of him is in the expedition which
the brave Sir William Wallace, guardian of Scotland, made into
Galloway in 1297; who, having taken the castle of Wigton, Sir
Adam was appointed Governor thereof.1* And about the same
time, having acquired the lands of Glenkenns, &c. in Galloway,
he gave them to his second son William.s

He was afterwards appointed Warden of the Marches of Scot-
land, by the guardians of the kingdom in the absence of King

Hist, of England, in reign of Henry III. P Rymer's Fad.

1 Ibid. torn. II. p. 727. r Rymer's Feed.

• Chart, in archiv. farnil. de Kenmure.

206 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

John (Baliol), as is proved by the notice sent to him, as Warden
aforesaid, of the truce concluded betwixt England and Scotland,
at Dumfries, on October 30th, 1300.1 In 1305, he was fined by-
King Edward of England, then acting as Overlord of Scotland, in
three years rent of his estate, for adhering to the Baliol's party. In
1308, he was one of the sureties for the good behaviour of Wil-
liam, Bishop of St. Andrew's, whose release from imprisonment
they had procured.

About the same time, Sir Adam settled a difference which had
long subsisted betwixt him and the abbot and convent of Kelso,
whereby he obtained liberty to build a chapel for the use of his
family in any place of his parish of Gordon which he should think
fit; he then made a donation to the church of Kelso, with con-
sent of Annabella his wife, of an inclosed piece of ground on his
lands of Gordon, &c. wherein he is styled, Jilius et hares quondam
Aa\e, &c. anno 1308.u

In January 1312, David, Earl of Atholl, Sir Adam de Gordon,
and Alexander de Abernethy, were appointed plenipotentiaries
by King Edward, to treat of a peace with King Robert, which at
that time took no effects In April 1312, he and the Earl of
March were sent into England by Baliol's party, to endeavour to
get some of their grievances redressed ;y and in November follow-
ing, was again employed by King Edward to negociate a peace
with King Robert, which was the last of his actions in favour of
the Baliol's party, for King John died the next year, and Sir
Adam was ever after one of King Robert's firmest and most re-
spected friends. ■

He obtained, from Thomas Randolph, Earl of Murray, a grant
of the lands and barony of Stitchell, in Roxburghshire, which King
Robert ratified and confirmed to him and his son William, by his
charter, dated at Perth, June 28th, 1315.a

King Robert knowing Sir Adam to be a person of great abili-
ties, joined him in commission with Sir Edward Odard de Mom-
buisson to go to Rome, to manage the affairs of his excommuni-
cation with the Pope; and they carried with them that famous
letter from the nobility of Scotland to his Holiness, asserting the
independence of their country, anno 1320. King Robert after-
wards, in reward of his faithful services, granted to him and heirs,
the noble lordship of Strabolgie, &c. in Aberdeenshire, which

t Rymer's Feed. u Chartulary of Kelso, and Gordon's Appendix.

x Rymer, Torn. III. p. 300. y Ibid. 2 Ibid.

a Chart, penes dom. Robart Pringle de Stitchell.

EARL OF NORWICH. 207

was then in the crown, by forfeiture of David de Strabolgie, Earl
of Atholl jb which grant was afterwards confirmed to his family
by several charters under the great seal. Sir Adam fixed his re-
sidence there, and gave these lands and lordships the name of
Huntley, which hath been ever since one of the chief titles of his
family.

By the above-mentioned Annabella his wife, he had issue four
sons and one daughter; viz.

1 . Sir Alexander, his heir, of whom presently.

2. William, to whom he gave the lands of Glenkenns, in Gal-
loway, and Stitchell, in Roxburghshire ; and from him the family
of Kenmure, and several others in the south of Scotland, de-
scended.

3. John j and, 4. Thomas, who both entered into holy orders,
and obtained letters of recommendation to the Pope, from Edward
King of England, anno 1313.c

The daughter, Mary, was married to Sir Walter Hamilton, an-
cestor to the Duke of Hamilton, as appears by a charter. under
the great seal, anno ]319-d

Sir Adam at last lost his life in the service of his king and coun-
try, bravely fighting in the vanguard of the Scotch army at the
battle of Hallidon Hill, on July 12th, 1333,e and was succeeded
by

Sir Alexander Gordon, his eldest son and heir, who settled
at Huntley. He was a great patriot, a firm and steady friend to
King David Bruce, and behaved gallantly at the battle of Halli-
don Hill, where his father was killed, thpugh he had the good
fortune to escape : he attended King David in his unfortunate ex-
pedition into England, and was slain in the battle of Nevill's Cross
near Durham, where King David was taken prisoner, October
17th, 1346; and was succeeded by his son,

Sir John Gordon, of Huntley, who was also a great loyalist.
Being taken prisoner with King David, at the above-mentioned
battle of Nevill's Cross, he was not released till 1357, when the
Earl of Douglas became one of his sureties/ and on the 20th
March, in the next year, he obtained from the said King David,
a confirmation of the lands and lordship of Strathbogie, which
had been granted by King Robert I. to his grandfather.

b Chart, in public. Archiv. <= Rymer, Tom. III. p. 396.

< Chart, in rotul. Rob. I. e Barnes's Hist, of Edw. III. fo. 78.

f Rymer, Tom. VI. p. 30 and 82.

208 PEERAGE OF EXGLAND.

He died soon after, leaving issue, by Elizabeth his wife, a son
and heir,

Sir John Gordon, of Huntly, a great warrior, and of undaunted
courage. He, with his own vassals and followers, routed a con-
siderable body of the English under the command of Sir John
Lilburne, whom he took prisoner at Carram, in the year 1372;
and soon after surprised and took prisoner Sir Thomas Musgrave,
governor of Berwick castle, but released him in a short time.?

He obtained a new charter from King Robert II. confirming
the lands and lordship of Strathbogie to him, and his heirs, quas
terras, Rohertus illustris Rex Scotue, predecessor noster, dedit
quondam Ad<e de Gordon militi, proavo dicti Johannis, ratione
forisfactura; David de Strathbogie, &c. dated July 10th, 1376,h
after which, he was styled Lord Gordon of Strathbogie, or
Huntly. ^

In 1378, he, in company with the Earl of Douglas, came up
with another considerable body of forces under the command of
the above-mentioned Sir Thomas Musgrave, and killed or took
prisoners every man of them 3' but at length lost his life with
the said Earl at the battle of Olterburu in 1388, and was suc-
ceeded by

Sir Adam Gordon, Lord of Gordon, his son and heir, who was
inferior to none of his brave ancestors for magnanimity and cou-
rage, and was slain in the battle of Homeldon in l<102,k leaving
issue by his wife Elizabeth, daughter of Sir William Keith, great
marishal of Scotland, an only child,

Elizabeth Gordon, who succeeded to the whole family estate,
and married Alexander Seton, second son of Sir William Selon of
Seton, ancestor to the Earls of Win ton; who was styled Lord of
Gordon and Huntly, and left issue, by the said Elizabeth, a
daughter, Elizabeth, married to Alexander, Earl of Ra§s 5 and
two sons.

1. Alexander, created Earl of Huntly. And,

2. William, ancestor to the Setons of Meldrum, &c.
Alexander Seton, Lord Gordon and Huntly, the eldest son

and heir, being a person of great abilities, was one of the com-
missioners appointed by the estates of the kingdom of Scotland to
treat with the English in 1421 for the ransom of King James,
and in 1423, upon that Prince's enlargement, became one of his

g Chart, penes Ducem de Gordon.
h Abercrombie's Martial Achievements, Vol.11, p. 171, 172.
i Chart, in rotul, Rob. II, k Abercrombie praed. Vol. II. p. 17$

he

EARL OF NORWICH. 209

hostages:1 in 1437, ne was appointed one of the ambassadors ex-
traordinary to treat with the English about a peace; and a truce
being concluded upon the next year, he, in 1439, was again sent
into England, to treat of a final peace.

Having performed many signal services to his country during
the minority of King James II. he was, in 144Q, created Earl of
Huntly, with limitation to his heirs male by Elizabeth Crichton,
his third wife, they being obliged to take the name and bear the
arms of Gordon.

He afterwards obtained charters, under the great seal, of the
lands of Strathbogie, Huntly, Aboyne, Glentanner, Glenmuck,
the lordships of Badenoch, Lochaber, Forest of Enzie, &c. in thi
north, with Huntly, Gordon, &c. in Berwickshire."1

On the Earl of Douglas's rebellion, in 1452, he raised a consi-
derable army of his own friends and vassals, with which he de-
feated the Earl of Crawfurd, one of the Earl of Douglas's chief
associates, near Brechin, whereby the rebellion was soon after
entirely crushed.11

He married, first, Jane, daughter of Robert, son and heir appa-
rent to William, first Earl Marishal, by whom he had no issue;
secondly, Giles, daughter and heir to John Hay, of Tullibody, in
Clackmannanshire, by whom he had a son,

Sir Alexander Seton, who succeeded to his mother's estate, and
was ancestor to the Setons of Touch.

His third wife was Elizabeth, daughter of William Lord Crich-
ton, Chancellor of Scotland, by whom he had three sons and three
daughters, who all took the name of Gordon j viz.

1. George, who succeeded to the earldom.

2. Sir Alexander, of Midmar, ancestor to the Gordons of Aber-
geldie.

3. Adam, who was Dean of Caithness.

The daughters were, 1. Janet, married to James Dunbar, Earl
of Murray. 2. Elizabeth, wife of William, third Earl Marishal.
And, 3. Christian, married to William, Lord Forbes.

This great patriot lived to a great age, and died in 1470, when
he was succeeded in honours and estate (according to the limita-
tion), by his eldest son, by his last marriage,

George Gordon, second Earl of Huntley, who for a long time
firmly adhered to King James III. and was one of his privy

1 Rymer, Tom. X. » Chart, in publ. Archiv.

n Abercrombie, Vol. II. p. 357, and Buchanan, p.. 390.
YOL. V. F

210 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

council. In 1484, a treaty of peace being concluded between
England and Scotland, he was one of the guarantees thereof for
the part of Scotland: in 1488, he, with the Earl of Crawford,
were, in open parliament, appointed Lords of justiciary north of
the river Forth :° soon after which, hostilities being commenced
between the King and the confederate Lords, the Earl of Huntley
was very instrumental in compromising matters, and making up
a sort of agreement at Blackness ; but the King fatally refusing
to fulfil some of the concessions which he had formerly agreed
to, as a foundation for peace, the Earl quitted him, and went
over to the other party, though he always opposed every violent
measure.

Upon the accession of King James IV. to the throne, he was
appointed one of his privy council, and was empowered to exer-
cise justice, and to suppress all sorts of disorders in the northern
parts of the kingdom during the minority of the King; who, in
14pi, was graciously pleased, by his own royal authority, to en-
large the Earl's commission, and to make him Lieutenant of the
northern parts of Scotland, beyond the river Northesk.

Continuing in the highest favour with his Majesty, he was con-
stituted Lord Chancellor of Scotland, in the year 1498, which
high office he held till 1502, when he resigned the seals, which,
with the title of Lord Chancellor, were immediately conferred
upon the King's brother, the Duke of Ross. But he did not lose
the King's favour with his office; for, in consideration of his good
services, he had a grant of the castle, &c. of Innerlochy, by a
charter under the great seal in 1505.

This Earl was twice married: his first wife was the Lady An-
nabella, daughter of James I. King of Scotland, widow of James,
Earl of Angus; and his second, Agnes, daughter of William, Earl
of Errol: by the latter he had no issue; but by the former he had
four sons.

1. Alexander, his successor.

2. Sir Adam Gordon, Lord of Aboyne, who married Elizabeth,
Countess and heiress of Sutherland, by which marriage he became
Earl of Sutherland.

3. Sir William, ancestor to the Gordons of Gight, and was slain
in the battle of Floddon, anno 1513.

4. Sir James of Litterfury, Admiral of the Scotch fleet in
1513.

• Lives of the Lords Chancellor of Scotland) p. 56, and Records of Parlia-
ment,

EARL OF NORWICH. 211

Also six daughters j 1. Lady Catharine, married, first to Perkin
Warbeck, the pretended Duke of York ; secondly, to Sir Matthew
Cradock of Wales. 2. Lady Janet, married, first, to Alexander,
Lord Lindsay, son and heir of David, Earl of Crawfurd ; secondly,
to Patrick, Lord Gray. 3. Lady Mary, married to Sir William
Sinclair, of Westerhall. 4. Sophia, married to Sir Gilbert Hay,
of Kilmalloch, Knight. 5. Lady Agnes, married to Sir James
Ogilvie, of Finlater. And, 6. Lady Eleanor, married to ■

Crichton, of Innernytie.

This noble peer departed this life on June Sth, 1507, and was
buried in the chancel of the abbey church of Cambuskenneth/
being succeeded by his eldest son,

Alexander Gordon, third Earl of Hunily, who, in his fa-
ther's lifetime, obtained charters under the great seal, of the lands
of Huntly, Gordon, and many others.

He was one of the guarantees of a treaty of peace with the
English, in 1509 ; and, being in great favour with the King, was
sworn of his privy council ; and indeed there was not a braver,
nor a more loyal subject in the whole kingdom.

He accompanied the King to the fatal battle of Floddon, fought
September pth, 15135 and though he gave his opinion against
fighting at that time, when so many disadvantages were obvious,
yet when he found the King was determined, he acquiesced, and,
having the command of the right wing of the army, performed
wonders, and drove all before him that stood in his wayj but the
Jeft wing and. the centre were not so successful, being overpowered
with numbers j and the King, and the flower of the nobility, be-
ing killed, he was at last obliged to give way, and with much
difficulty made his retreat in the evening.

In the minority of King James V. he was appointed Lord
Lieutenant of the north, beyond the river Forth j and, in 1517,
was joined in commission with the Earls of Angus, Arran, and
Argyll, as governors of the young King, and died in 1523.

Robertson says, that George Gordon, the former Earl of Hunt-
ley, " having been one of the nobles, who conspired against
James III. and who raised his son, James IV. to the throne, en-
joyed a great share in the confidence of that generous prince. By
his bounty, great accessions of wealth and power were added to a
family, already opulent and powerful. On the death of that mo-
narch, Alexander, the next Earl, being appointed Lord Lieute*

P Lives of the Lords Chancellors, p. 57.

212 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

nant of all the counties beyond Forth, left the other nobles ta
contend for offices at court: and/retiring to the north, where his
estate and influence lay; resided there in a kind of princely inde-
pendence. The nobles in that part of the kingdom dreaded the
growing dominion of such a dangerous neighbour, but were un-
able to prevent his encroachments. Some of his rivals he secretly
undermined j others he subdued by open force. His estate far
exceeded that of any other subject} and his superiorities and ju-
risdictions extended over many of the northern counties. With
power and possessions so immense, under two long and feeble
minorities, and amidst the shock of civil commotions, the Earls
of Huntley might have indulged the most elevated hopes. But,
happily for the crown, an enterprizing spirit was not the charac-
teristic of that family j and, whatever object their ambition might
have in view, they chose rather to acquire it by political address,
than to seize it openly, and by force of arms."

He married Lady Janet Stewart, daughter of John Earl of
Atholl, by whom he had three sons and four daughters.

1 . John, Lord Gordon, his heir apparent.

2. Alexander, to whom he gave the lands of Strathdown, who
was ancestor to the Gordons of Clunie.

3. William, who, being bred to the church, was, first, Chan-
cellor of the church of Elgin, and afterwards Bishop of Aber-
deen.

The daughters were j 1. Lady Janet, married to Colin, Earl of
Argyll. 2. Lady Jane, married to Patrick, fourth Lord Gray.
3. Lady Isabel, married to — — . Lord Innermeath. And, 4.
married to Menzies, of Weem.

John, Lord Gordon, the eldest son and heir apparent, obtained
charters under the great seal, of the lands of Badenoch, the Castle
of Ruthven, and many others^ but died before his father, in
1517, leaving issue by his wife, Jane, natural daughter of King
James IV. two sons.

1. George, who succeeded his grandfather as Earl of Huntley,
&c.

2. Alexander, who by Queen Mary, was appointed Bishop of
Galloway.

George, fourth Earl of Huntley, succeeded his grandfather in
1523, being then in the tenth year of his age. He was from
his childhood brought up witk King James V. (they being much

1 Chart, in pub'. Archir.

'

EARL OF NORWICH. 213

of an age), by the particular care of the Earl of Angus, then Prime
Minister, who took him under his tuition and obtained his ward-
ship, intending to have married him to one of his own relations,
had not the Earl's fall prevented it. After which, by the King's
express command, he was placed under the care of the most able
masters, whereby he became one of the best scholars, and most
accomplished persons, of the age he lived in.

In 153 J, be was sworn of the privy council, and the year fol-
lowing was appointed one of the lords of the regency during the
King's absence in France, in order to marry the Princess Magdalen,
daughter to King Francis I. The confidence the King placed in
the fidelity and ability of the Earl and the other regents, and the
powers they were intrusted with, will appear from the copy of
their commission, which is printed in the Lives of the Lords
Chancellors of Scotland, p. 82, 83.

The King, upon his return, in 1537, having an entire confi-
dence in the loyalty and fidelity of this Earl, constituted him
Lieutenant of the north, and Captain-general of the forces which
were raised to oppose the English, who had entered the Borders,
under the command of Sir Robert Bowes, to whom he gave a total
defeat at Haldenry, Sir Robert being taken prisoner.

King Henry VIII, then sent a -much greater force to invade
the borders, under the command of the Duke of Norfolk j but the
Earl of Huntley, by his prudence, dexterous conduct, and frequent
skirmishes, prevented the Duke from making any considerable
progress, or doing much injury to the country. These services
endeared him exceedingly to the King his uncle, whose. chief fa-
vourite he now was become.

King James died in December 1542, leaving only a daughter,
Mary, but a few days old, to inherit the throne ; and the Earl of
Angus being appointed Governor of the kingdom, the Earl of
Huntley was, by act of Parliament, constituted one of his privy
council;1- he was made Lord High Chancellor of Scotland, upon
the death of Cardinal Bethune, and had ;he great seal delivered
to him in open parliament, on June 10th, 1546; the form and
manner of his creation being entered in the records of the privy
council, to the following tenor:

" The which day, my Lord the Governor, in presence of the
Queen's Grace, and Lords of Council, hath chosen George, Earl
of Huntly, Chancellor of the realm of Scotland, who has accepted

r Records of Parliament.

214 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

the said office in and upon him, and has sworn that he will loyally
and truly minister in the said office, after his wit, cunning, and
knowledge, like as other Chancellors have done, and used in the
said office in times past, and the Queen's Grace, and Lords of
Council, thought him able thereto; and in sign and token there-
of, my said Lord Governor has, in presence of the Queen's Grace,
and Lords of Council aforesaid, delivered to the said Earl our so*
vereign Lady's great seal, and has ordered the King's quarter seal,
whom God pardon, to be broken off, of which the one half was
cut, and shewn cut, in presence of the Queen's Grace, and my
Lords of Council."

At the same time, a new privy council being appointed to the
Governor, the Earl of Huntley was one of the noblemen of which
it was composed j and being highly esteemed for his courage and
military accomplishments, was appointed to command a body of
eight thousand men at the battle of Pinky, where, though he be-
haved with the utmost courage and magnanimity, he was taken
prisoner, and carried to the English camp at Leith, where the
Duke of Somerset, Lord Protector of England, entreated him,
that he would use his influence to forward the match before pro-
posed between their two young sovereigns, and thereby to unite
the two kingdoms; but the Earl of Huntley, though their pri-
soner, was so far from dissembling his sentiments, that he frankly
told the Protector, " That he was still of the same mind he had
been, that the Queen should not be disposed of in marriage till she
were of years to give her own consent, and choice of a husband for
herself, at least with consent of parliament ; and hoiv well so-
ever he should approve of the match, yet he did not like the way
of wooing."

When the English army marched away, they carried the Lord
Chancellor along with them to London, and afterwards sent him
prisoner to Morpeth, but in less than a year after he found means
to deceive his keepers, and by the help of a dark night, fleet
horses, and a trusty guide, he got so quickly over the border into
Scotland, that he was out of danger of being retaken before he
was missed at Morpeth.

Upon his return, he immediately resumed the administration
of the Chancellor's place, and soon after accompanied the Queen
Dowager into France, whither she went to visit her daughter and
other relations; where King Francis I. the more to honour the
Earl, made him one of the Knights of the most ancient and noble
order of St. Michael 5 also, about the same time, he had a grant

EARL OF NORWICH. 215

of the Earldom of Murray,3 then in the crown, by the death of
the Queen's natural uncle 5 he was likewise Lieutenant of the
North,1 where his authority and interest were without all doubt
very great.

When the Queen Dowager was made regent, she took the
great seal from the Earl of Huntley, and gave it to a Frenchman,11
leaving the Earl only the name of Chancellor; yet this arbitrary
procedure did not provoke him to desert her, since she was vested
with a lawful authority from his sovereign, her daughter. For,
when things were like to come to extremities by her mal-admi-
nistration, she employed him to quiet the commotions in the
country,* which he did, when a flame was just ready to break
out. Though he still continued a Papist, yet it appears that he
was as weary as any nobleman in the nation of the misbehaviour
of the French, and the ill usage his country met with from them;
and thereupon entered into a bond of association with the Duke
of Chatlerault, and much the greater part of the nobility, for
driving out those oppressors, and for recovering their ancient liber-
ties, that so they might be ruled by the laws and customs of their
own country, and by the natives of the kingdom under the obedi-
ence of the King and Queen, their sovereign.? This shews that
religion was not at first pretended as the cause of the war against
the Queen Regent ; but upon the continued course of illegal ad-
ministration they charged her with, and for which she was after-
wards deprived of the regency, which broke her heart, or at least
hastened her death, as was thought.

Upon the Queen's return from France, in 156l, her Majesty
was pleased to restore the great seal to the Lord Chancellor; and
it plainly appears, that though he had not possession of the great
seal, yet he was never put out of the Chancellor's office during
all the time that Monsieur Reubie was Lord Keeper; but this
honour did not equal the disgust he conceived at the earldom of
Murray being taken from him and given to the Queen's natural
brother, the Prior of St. Andrew's, who was created Earl of Mur-
ray, so that ever after there was an implacable animosity between
them.

The Earl of Huntley being the head of the Popish party in

"
* Chart, in pub. Archiv. t Records of Parliament, 1546.

u Bishop Lesly's History of Scotland.

x Burnet's History of the Reformation.

y The original bond is still remaining in the possession of bis grace the Duke

of Hamilton.

216 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

Scotland, the Queen's kindred (by her mother), the house of Guise,
had great expectations from him, as the only person they thought
able to restore that religion; and, the more to animate hira to
undertake it, they put him in hopes that the Queen would marry
Sir John Gordon, of Finlater, his second son. Whether the Queen
ever had such an intent, does not appear; but that the Earl had
formed such a project seems certain, though he never intended to
urge the Queen in the matter, or force her to it against her will,
as his enemies gave out; for it was in his power oftener than
once, to have dispersed or dispatched such of her attendants as
were not favourable to his design, if he had intended to have gone
that way to work.

The Queen intending to visit the northern parts of her domi-
nions, about the middle of August 1562, came to Aberdeen, where
she was met by the Countess of Huntley, a Lady of a noble spirit,
and of a very obliging temper. Her second son, Sir John Gor-
don, above-mentioned, had been committed to prison for wound-
ing the Lord Ogilvie in one of the streets of Edinburgh, but
having made his escape, he was declared a fugitive; wherefore
the Countess, his mother, humbly begged her Majesty would for-
give her son the oversight he had committed, and allow him the
honour to come into her presence, and kiss her hands; but the
Queen replied, u that it did not consist with her honoui to ad-
mit him into her presence, till such time as he should render him-
self into prison;" which the Countess promised he should do, but
only begged that the place of his imprisonment might be the
castle of Stirling, to which the Queen consented, and the Lord
Glamis was appointed to conduct him thither; but when Sir John
came near Lord Glamis's house, he suddenly altered his resolu-
tion, and hastened back to the north, for which the Queen was
highly incensed against him. In the mean time, the Queen had
proceeded on her journey northward from Aberdeen, and intend-
ing to go to the Earl of Huntley's house of Strathbogi (now called
Castle Gordon), to which she had been invited, and great prepa-
rations made for her reception, was met on her way thither by
the Earl himself, who earnestly besought her Majesty to pardon
his son Sir John; but the Queen continuing inexorable, and his
JjOrdship having pressed her Majesty to go to his house more so-
licitously than what she thought was altogether becoming, her
Majesty, instead of going to Strathbogie, determined to lodge at
her castle of Inverneis.

The Queen, to her great surprise, was refused admittance by

EARL OF NORWICH. 217

the Earl of Huntley's deputy governor, which made her suspect
the Earl had some design to seize upon her person j whereupon a
proclamation was issued, setting forth the danger her Majesty was
in, and commanding all her loyal subjects in those parts immedi-
ately to come to her assistance ; upon which the Mackenzies,
Monroes, Frasiers, Mackintoshes, and others, repaired to her Ma-
jesty, who then ordered the castle of Inverness to be besieged,
and it being easily taken, the Deputy Governor was immediately
hanged, but the lives of the common soldiers were spared.

After the Queen had staid a few days at Inverness, she returned
to Aberdeen, where the Countess of Huntley came again to
wait upon her, but was refused access -, and the Queen being still
apprehensive of danger, a second proclamation was publishec],
commanding all the fencible men, such as could bear arms in those
parts, to attend her Majesty at Aberdeen, and to be ready to
march wherever they should be ordered. The Earl of Huntley
being informed of these preparations against him, and well know-
ing that so long as his rival, the Earl of Murray, had any credit
with her Majesty, he should never be able to accomplish his de-
signs, resolved to make one bold stroke for all, and seize upon
the Queen's person, not doubting but that upon a fair repesenta-
tion of his case, he might yet recover her Majesty's favour, or at
least procure a pardon for all that was past; and being accom-
panied with 1500 men, he marched towards Aberdeen, and would
probably have made himself master of the town with very little
or no resistance, had not the letters his friends had wrote to him
been intercepted that morning, which gave the other party a per-
fect account of his strength and progress ; but the Earl knowing
nothing of this discovery, and thinking he had a sure game in his
hands, he marched forward towards Aberdeen, where the Queen
still remained. The Earl of Murray, who was his enemy, and
glad of any opportunity to destroy him, thought this a favourable
opportunity to be for ever rid of so powerful an adversary, there-
fore marched against him, with a small but resolute body of
men.z

Both parties met at a place called Corrichie, on the east side of
the Hill of Fair, fourteen miles west of Aberdeen, and a hot
battle ensued, in which the Earl of Huntley's party was defeated,
and himself taken prisoner 5 and being an aged coipulent man,
what with grief, and what with the crowd and press of these that

z See a full detail of this affair in Robertson, I. 234. 241.

218 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

were about him, he was stifled, and expired in their hands, on
October 28th, 1562.

The same evening, the Earl's dead body was carried to Aber-
deen, with two of his own sons, Sir John, and Adamj the latter,
being only a boy, was pardoned, but Sir John was the next day
beheaded, being much pitied by the spectators, as he was a young
man in the prime of life, and adorned in body and mind with all
the gifts of nature j but what excited no less indignation than
compassion, was the cruelty with which he was mangled by an
unskilful executioner.

The Earl's body was carried from Aberdeen to Edinburgh, and
an indictment of high treason exhibited against him in Parlia-
ment; and by the influence of a great Lord, who wished to de-
stroy the family by the ceremony of a trial, the deceased Earl was,
by a verdict of Parliament, found guilty of high treason, " in all
and every the points and articles alledged against him, and that
he had thereby forfeited all his lands, inheritances, and goods,
moveable and immoveable, for ever, and that thereby his dignity,
name, and memory, should be extinct, and his arms to be can-
celled, erased, and put forth of the book of arms, and his posterity
to be from thenceforth unable to hold offices, honours, and dig-
nity, within this realm." But the Queen was afterwards gra-
ciously pleased, by act of Parliament, on April 18th, 1567/ to
reverse the Earl's attainder, and " decrees and declares the same,
with all that followed thereupon, to be in all time coming null
and of no avail, force, nor effect, and the memory, name, dignity,
honour, and arms, of the said George Earl of Huntly to be re-
stored, and restores the same to their ancient estate as they were
before, leading, deducing, and giving the said sentence of attain-
der aforesaid. And likewise his posterity and lineage aforesaid,
to be restored, and restores them to their ancient honours, fame,
and dignity, and makes them able to hold offices, honours, and
dignity within this realm, as freely as they might have done be-
fore the giving of the said sentence of attainder aforesaid."

This unfortunate nobleman married Elizabeth, daughter of Ro-
bert Lord Keith, son and heir apparent of William, third Earl
Marishal, by whom he had seven sons and three daughters.

1. George, afterwards Earl of Huntley.

2. James, who went into holy orders, and died at Paris, anno
1620.

• Records of Parliament.

EARL OF NORWICH. iig

3. Sir John Gordon, of Findlater, or Deskford, who was exe-
cuted as above without issue.

4. Sir Adam Gordon, of Auchindon, who died without issue in
1580.

5. Sir Patrick Gordon, of Auchindon, who was slain at the battle
of Glenlivet, anno 1594.

6. Robert. And, 7. Thomas.

The daughters were; 1. Lady Margaret, married to John,
eighth Lord Forbes. 2. Lady Jane, married, first, to James Earl
of Both well j secondly, to Alexander, Earl of Sutherland; and,
thirdly, to Alexander Ogilvie, of Boyne. And, 3. Lady Eliza-
beth, married to John Earl of Atholl.

George, fifth Earl of Huntley, the eldest son and heir,b after
the unhappy affair at Corriche, above-mentioned, fled for protec-
tion to the Duke of Chatlerault, whose daughter he had married;
but though the Duke used his utmost endeavours to make hit
peace with the Queen, yet the power of his enemies was so pre-
dominant, that not only no favour could be procured for him,
but the Duke was obliged to deliver him up; whereupon he was
sent prisoner to the castle of Dunbar :c his persecutors having the
Earl now in their power, resolved he should be cut off in a seem-
ing way of justice; and, that they might destroy him with the
greater ceremony, he was brought to Edinburgh, and on the
8th of February, I503,d indicted of high treason before the Justi-
ciary; " for concealing the treasonable conspiracy consultation,
devising, and deliberation, commovit and spoken in his presence*
upon the penult day of August 1562, in the town of Old Aber->
deen, by the late George, Earl of Huntley, his father, &c. &c."
But though he had neither been summoned nor indicted till the
very day he was brought upon his trial,c yet a jury, well prepared
for the purpose, without hearing what he had to say for himself,
found him guilty of high treason; whereupon sentence of death
was passed upon him, " That he should be hanged while he was
dead, drawn, quartered, and dealt with as a traitor, at our sove-
reign's pleasure; and that all his goods, moveable and immove-
able, lands, heritages, takkis, stedingis, offices, cornis, cattle,
actions and debts, ought and should pertain to our said sovereign,

* The Lives of the Lord Chancellors of Scotland, p. 89, says, that he was at
first a younger brother } but his elder brother dying without issue, he became heir:
to the family.

« Spotiswood's Church History. d Records of Parliament.

• Reasons for reversing his attainder in Parliament, 1567.

220 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

and be applied to her use, by reason of escheat of forfaltor." But
no day being appointed for his execution, he was sent back pri-
soner to Dunbar, there to remain till the Queen's pleasure should
be further known ; but nothing being found against him but an
intention, which took no effect, her Majesty never intended to
put him to death upon such an account, though his enemies be-
lieved they had compassed his destruction.

Some time after the Earl was condemned, a warrant was sur-
reptitiously obtained from the Queen, and of which she was alto-
gether ignorant, directed to the Governor of Dunbar, the Laird
of Craigmillar/ ordering him immediately to cause the sentence
of death to be executed upon the Earl of Huntley, by beheading:
the Governor, who was exceedingly surprised at the order, in-
stantly communicated it to the Earl himself 5 the dismal news
did not at all discompose him, but with great temper he told the
governor, *' That he knew well enough by whose means, and
after what a manner such an order had been obtained, and that
the Queen had doubtless been imposed on, since he was very well
assured of her Majesty's favour, and that she would never deliver
him up to the rage of his enemies ; and therefore begged that he
would do him the favour to go to the Queen, and receive the
order out of her own mouth, before he would proceed any fur-
ther." The Governor did so, rode post to Holyrood-house, where
the Queen then was, and though it was late, and somewhat un-
seasonable when he arrived at the court, he immediately de-
manded access to her Majasty, having an affair to impart to her
of the greatest consequence ; whereupon he vas instantly admit-
ted into the Queen's bedchamber: her Majesty was not a little
surprised at the sight of the captain, and demanded what was the
matter? he told her, he had come to acquaint her Majesty, that
he had obeyed her commands. What commands from me, says
she? the beheading of the Earl of Huntley, replies he. Upon
this the Queen fell into a great passion, began to cry bitterly,
protesting with the most solemn asseverations, that she had never
given nor known of such an order: whereupon the Governor, to
pacify and quiet the Queen, told her Majesty, that it was very
lucky that he did not execute the order, that the Earl was still
alive and well ; and legged to linoiv her Majesty 's commands, how
he should behave for the future towards his prisoner ? The Queen,

f Records of the Council in the Earl of Haidmgton's Collection, M.S. in the
Lawyer's Library at Edinburgh.

EARL OF NORWICH. 221

overjoyed to hear he was alive, told the Governor, she thanked
him for what he had done in the matter, acknowledged nothing
could have been a piece of more acceptable service to her, and, now
that she had a full confidence in his fidelity, lid him take care of
the Earl; but see that for any charge that could come from her,
that he neither deliver him up, nor execute any sentence on him,
unless she commanded him out of her own mouth.

Soon after this the Earl was set at liberty, and quickly reco-
vered so much grace and favour, that her Majesty was pleased to
make him Lord High Chancellor of the kingdom, March 20th,
1565 j« though the act of his attainder was not reversed till 15(57:
he continued in the Chancellor's place till the Queen resigned the
government, and the Earl of Murray was made regent j yet he so
far at first concurred in the new settlement, that he signed a
bond to acknowledge the young King's authority, and carried the
sceptre at the meeting of the Regent's first parliament at Edin^
burgh, December 5th, J 567. But the Queen afterwards declaring,
that she had been forced to make the resignation of the crown,
the Earl adhered to her interest with great firmness and fidelity;
of which her Majesty was so well satisfied, that she was pleased
to appoint him one of the Lords of the regency, who were em-
powered to manage the affairs of the kingdom in her name, and
by her authority, during her absence in England.

When the civil war began, the Earl of Huntley was constituted
the Queen's Lieutenant, and General of all the forces, raised or
to be raised in the north for her interest ; and he, being a person
of great honour and fortune, quickly engaged many in those parts
into an association for her service, and raised a considerable body
of horse and foot, which gave the other party, who adhered to
the young King, great trouble and vexation during the course of
the war j but the King's party being strongly supported by the
Queen of England, and frequently supplied with fresh succours
from thence, the Earl, and the heads of Queen Mary's party, were
forced to come to an accommodation with the Earl of Morton^
the Regent, in 1573.h

The peace of the kingdom being thus restored, his Lordship
retired to his country seat, where he lived in a style suitable to
his illustrious quality 5 and employed himself chiefly in his owa

g Charter in Public Arc hi v.
* Record* of the Privy Council in the Signet Office at Edinburgh.

222 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

domestic concerns till the month of May, 1576', when he was
seized with an apoplexy, of which he died a few days after.

His Lordship married Lady Ann Hamilton, daughter of James,
Duke of Chatelrault, by whom he had a daughter, Lady Jane,
married to George, Earl of Caithness, and one son,

George, sixth Earl of Huntley, who was one of the heads of
the party which espoused the interest of Spain. In 1589, though
the King had lately married him to the daughter of his favourite
(the Duke of Lennox), he continued so warmly attached to the
Romish church, that he, and Crawford, and Errol, engaged in a
correspondence with the Prince of Parma, and in their letters to
him, offered their service to the King of Spain; and undertook,
with the aid of 6000 men, to render him master of Scotland, and
to bring so many of their vassals into the field, that he should be
able to enter England with a numerous army. These letters were
intercepted by Queen Elizabeth, and communicated to James,
who only inflicted a short imprisonment on Huntley and his asso-
ciates. The first use which the conspirators made of their liberty,
was to erect the standard of rebellion; but they soon surrendered,
and threw themselves on his mercy; they were imprisoned again
for a few months; but set at liberty at the approach of the King's
marriage. In 1591, the King having, unadvisedly, given him a
commission to pursue Francis Stewart, Earl of Bothwell, and his
followers, with fire and sword; he, under colour of executing
that commission, gratified his private revenge, and surrounded
the house of the Earl of Murray, burnt it to the ground, and slew
Murray himself. The murder of a young nobleman of such pro-
mising virtues, and the heir of the regent Murray, the darling of
the people, excited universal indignation. But the King did not
even bring him to the formality of a public trial. In 1592, he
was detected in a traitorous negociation with the King of Spain;
and being summoned to surrender, fled to the mountains; but
afterwards offered to submit himself to a legal trial, yet refused
to abide by his offer; engaged again in a rebellion, by the battle
of Glenlivet, 1594; and, being conquered, again returned to the
mountains, where, being reduced to extreme distress, by the ri-
gour of the season, and the desertion of their followers, he and
his comrades obtained the King's permission to go beyond sea,
and gave security for their future behaviour.

The Earl of Huntley, and the rest of the party, were soon after
pardoned; and he became so much in the King's favour, that he

EARL OF NORWICH. 223

obtained from his Majesty a grant of the dissolved Abbey of Dun-
fermline ; was constituted Lord Lieutenant of the North, and
created Marquis of Huntley by patent, dated April 17th, 15QQ.

He married Lady Henrietta Stewart, daughter of Esme, Duke
of Lennox, and had by her four sons and as many daughters.

1. George, his heir.

2. Sir John Gordon, created Lord Aboyne, and Viscount Mel-
drum, in 1627, who married Lady Sophia Hay, daughter of
Francis, ninth Earl of Errol, but was accidentally burnt to death
in his house at Ferndaught, without issue.

3. Lord Francis, who died in Germany, in 1620.

4. Lord Adam, who was Laird of Achindoun.

His Lordship's daughters were; 1 . Lady Ann, married to James
Earl of Murray. 2. Lady Elizabeth, married to Alexander, Earl
of Linlithgow. 3. Lady Mary, married to William, Marquis of
Douglas. And, 4. Lady Jane, married Claud Hamilton, Lord
Strabane of the kingdom of Ireland.

His Lordship died in 1636; and was succeeded by his eldest
son,

George, second Marquis of Huntley, who, in the early part
of his life, was a Captain of the Scotch Gens d'Armes to King
Lewis XIII. of France, but, in the beginning the Civil Wars,
returned to his native country, joined the King's party, and was
appointed Lieutenant in the north of Scotland, and for his steady
adherence to the King, was attainted by Parliament in 1645 ; re-
maining inviolably attached to the royal family, he was excepted
from pardon, March 4th, 1647, and his houses of Bogie, of Glight,
and Strathbogi, were seized by order of Parliament, June 8tb,
1(548; being afterwards taken prisoner by some of the parliament
party, he was indicted for high treason, and found guilty, and at
length suffered for his loyalty, being beheaded at Edinburgh,
March 30th, 164Q.

He married Lady Ann Campbell, daughter of Archibald,
seventh Earl of Argyll, by whom he had five sons and five
daughters.

1. George, Lord Gordon, who joined the King upon the first
breaking out of the civil war, and never deserted his interest; be-
ing slain in his service at the battle of Alford, in 1645, without
issue.

2. Lewis, third Marquis of Huntley.

3. Lord Charles, who, being a great loyalist, firmly adhered to
the interest of King Charles I. and II. in the civil war, and often

224 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

exerted his courage in their service? in reward of which, he was
created Earl of Ahoy n soon after the Restoration, and from him is
descended the present Earl.

4. Lord James, also a great loyalist, who, after the murder of
King Chailes I. retired into France, where he died without issue.
And,

5. Lord Henry, who, during Cromwell's usurpation, was (with
many other loyalists), obliged to leave his country; and, having
a military genius, went into the service of the crown of Poland,
where, for his bravery and conduct, he acquired great honour.
He afterwards returned to Scotland, and died without issue.

The daughters were; ]. Lady Ann, married to James, Earl of
Perth. 2. Lady Henrietta, married, first, to George, Lord Seton ;
and afterwards to John, Earl of Traquair. 3. Lady Jane, mar-
ried to Thomas, Earl of Haddington. 4. Lady Mary, married

to Irvine, of Drum, Esq. And, 5. Lady Catharine,

who went abroad with her brother Lord Henry, and was married
to Count Morstain, Lord High Treasurer of Poland; of which
marriage, Prince Czartorinski, one of the candidates for the crown
of Poland, and many other families of distinction in that country,
are descended.

Lbwis, third Marquis of Huntley, the eldest surviving son,
succeeded his father in 1649. He married Isabel, daughter of Sir
James Grant of that Ilk, by whom he had a son, George, who
was created Duke of Gordon, and three daughters: 1, Lady Ann,
married to the Count de Crolly. 2. Lady Mary, married, first,
to Adam Urquhart, of Meldrum, Esq.; and after his death, to
James, Earl of Perth, Lord High Chancellor of Scotland. And,
3. Lady Jane, married to Charles., Earl of Dumfermline.

The Marquis dying in 1653, was succeeded by his only son,

George, fourth Marquis oj Ilxiitley, and first Duke of Gor-
don, who was restored, by parliament, to his whole estate, and
had the act of attainder reversed by act of parliament in 1661 \
he was much esteemed by, and in great favour with, King
Charles II. who created him Duke of Gordon by patent, dated
November 1st, 1684; and on June 6th, 1G87, was invested with
the order of the Thistle, on its revival.

Upon the accession of King James II. of England, and VII. of
Scotland, he was made one of the Lords of the Treasury, one of
his Majesty's most honourable Privy Council, Governor of the
Castle of Edinburgh, and one of the Knights of the most ancient
order of the Thistle. At the Revolution, he held out the Castle

EARL OF NORWICH. 225

tjf Edinburgh for King James, but at last seeing no hopes of re-
lief, he surrendered it to the troops of King William, and retired
to his country seat, where he continued to his death in 1716.

His Grace married Lady Elizabeth Howard,1 eldest surviving
daughter of Henry first Earl of Norwich, and Baron Howard of
Castle Rising, of that family, who afterwards succeeded his bro-
ther Thomas, as Duke of Norfolk (by his first wife, Lady Ann
Somerset, daughter of Edward, Marquis of Worcester) j and by
her, who survived till July l(3th, 1732, had one daughter, Lady
Jane, married to James, Earl of Perth, and an only son,

Alexander, second Duke of Gordon, who married, in 1706,
Lady Henrietta Mordaunt, daughter of Charles, Earl of Peter-
borough and Monmouth, by whom he had four sons and seven
daughters.

1. Cosmo-George, his successor.

2. Lord Charles, who died unmarried.

3. Lord Lewis, who died in 1754, unmarried.

4. Lord Adam, who was governor of Tinmouth, a Lieutenant-
general of his Majesty's forces. Colonel of the 26th regiment of
Foot, and representative in parliament for Kincardinshirej he mar-
ried, September 2d, 176?> Jane, daughter of John Drummond of
Megginch, Esq. relict of James, second Duke of Athol, but died
in August 1801, without issue.

The daughters were, l. Lady Henrietta, who died unmarried,
February, J 789. 2. Lady Mary, who died single, July 26th,
1782. 3. Lady Ann, who married William, Earl of Aberdeen,
and died June 25th, 1791. 4. Lady Betty, who married the
Rev. Mr. Skelly, and is since dead. 5. Lady Jane died unmar-
ried 1792. 6. Lady Catherine, married, in September 1745, to
Francis Chartris, of Amisfield, Esq. afterwards Earl of Wemyss.
And, 7« Lady Charlotte, who died unmarried.

His Grace died at Castle Gordon, November 22d, 1728, in the
forty-eighth ye&r of his age, and was succeeded in titles and estates
by his eldest son,

Cosmo-George, third Duke of Gordon,^ who, in reward of

* At Gordon Castle is a three-quarters painting of her, sitting, with a muslin
veil, and blue mantle lined with ermine; her left-hand is resting on a coroner,
placed on a table. Alexander, fourth Duke of Gordon, in consequence of his de-
scent, was created Earl of Norwich, 2d July, 1784.

k This Cosmo was so named, in compliment to Cosmo de Medicis III. Great
Duke of Tuscany, with whom his father, Alexander, second Duke of Gordon,
was very intimate. In Gordon Castle is a fine bust of this Great Duke of Tus-
cany, presented Jby him to the above Alexander, Duke of Gordon, in 172*.

yol. v. a

22(5 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

his loyalty, during the rebellion in 1745j was, on February 10th,
1747, invested with the most ancient order of the Thistle 5 in
September 17^1, he married Lady Catherine Gordon, daughter
of William, Earl of Aberdeen, above-mentioned (by his second
wife, Lady Susan Murray, daughter of John, Duke of Athol), by
which Lady, who was, secondly, married to General Staats-Long
Morris, and died in 178O, he had issue three sons and three
daughters.

1. Alexander, now Duke of Gordou, Earl of Norwich, &c.

2. Lord William Gordon,1 formerly Deputy Ranger of St.
James's Park, and representative in parliament for Invernesshire,
who married, in 178I, to Frances Ingram -Shephard, daughter to
Charles, late Viscount Irvine; and has a daughter, Frances, born
March 6th, 1782.

3. Lord George Gordon, too well known for the riots in 178O,
born December 25th, 1751,died unmarried, November 1st, 1793.

The daughters were; 1. Lady Susan,"1 first married to John
Fane, Earl of Westmoreland, and after his decease, on December
28th, 1778, to John Woodford, Esq. then a Colonel in the army,
by whom she has issue.

2. Lady Ann, married 1782, to the Rev. Mr. Alexander Chal-
mers, and died January 17th, 1792.

3. Lady Catherine, married to Thomas Booker, Esq. then an
officer in the 53d regiment of foot 5 and died January 3d, 17$?.

His Grace was elected one of the sixteen Peers of Scotland to
the tenth parliament of Great Britain, and died in August 1752,
when he was succeeded by his eldest son and heir,

Alex an der, now fourth Duke of Gordon, and first Earl of
Norwich of this family, who was elected one of the sixteen
Peers of Scotland, May 5th, 1761, in which distinguished sta-
tion he served till the dissolution of the parliament 1784; and in
consideration of his lineal descent from Henry Howard, Earl of
Norwich, and Baron Howard, of Castle Rising, was advanced to
the English peerage by patent, dated July 2d, 1784, by the name,
style, and title, of Baron Gordon of Huntley, in the county of
Gloucester? and Earl of Norwich, in the county of Norfolk,

1 Baptized at St. Cuthbert's, York, 31st August, 1744. Quarto M.S. Regis-
ter in Coll. Arm. London.

m At Gordon Castle is a three-quarters painting of her, dresssd in white, her
right-hand on a greyhound, left on a rose.

n From the patent.

EARL OF NORWICH. 227

With limitation of those titles to the heirs males of his body, law-
fully begotten.

His Grace is also one of the Knights of the most ancient order
of the Thistle, being invested therein on January llth, 1775 ;°
Keeper of the Great Seal of Scotland? Lord Lieuteuant of Aber-
deenshire ; and hereditary Keeper of Inverness Castle.

His Grace was married, in October 1 767, to Jane, daughter of
Sir William Maxwell, Bart, by whom he has issue one surviving
son,

George, Marquis of Huntley, born February 2d, 177° 3 sum-
moned to the House of Lords, April 11th, 1807, as Baron Gor-
don, of Huntley, in Gloucestershire,0 a Major-general in the army,
and Colonel of the 42d Regiment of foot.

Charlotte, married, September 1789, Lieutenant-general Len-
nox, now Duke of Richmond, by whom she has issue.

Madelina, married, first, April 3d, 1789, Sir Robert Sinclair,
Bart, and had issue? and, secondly, November 25th, 1805, Charles
Palmer, Esq. of Luckley Park, in Berkshire.

Susan, married, November 8th, 1793, William, Duke of Man-
chester, and has issue.

Louisa, married, April 17th, 1797> Charles, Marquis Cornwal-
lis, and has issue.

Georgiana, married, June 23d, 1803, John, Duke of Bedford.

Alexander, born November 8th, 1785, a Captain in the 59th
regiment of foot, died January 8th, 1808.

Titles. Alexander Gordon, Earl of Norwich, and Baron Gor-
don of Huntley, English honours : also, Duke of Gordon, Marquis
and Earl of Huntley, Earl of Enzie, Viscount Inverness, Lord
ofBadenoch, Lochaber, Strathaven, Achindoun, Balmore, Gartley,
and Kincardine, in the kingdom of Scotland, and Knight of th©
most ancient order of the Thistle.

Creations. Lord Gordoia, July 10th, 1376 5 Earl of Huntley,
1449; Marquis of Huntley, April 17th, 1599; and Duke of Gor-
don, November 1st, 1684; Scotch honours: also Baron Gordon
of Huntley, in Gloucestershire, and Earl of Norwich, in Norfolk,
July 2d, 1784, 24 George III.

Arms. Quarterly, first Azure, three boars heads erased, Or,
for Gordon ; second Or, three lions heads erased, gules, for Ba-
denoch; third Or, three crescents within a double tressure flory,

• From the Register of tha Order.

228 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

counter flory, gules, for Seton j fourth Azure, three cinquefoils,
Argent, for Fraser.

Crest. In a marquis's coronet, a stag's head affronte proper.

Supporters. Two greyhounds, Argent, collared Gules, and
thereon three round buckles, Or.

Motto, Animo non astutia.

Chief Seats. At Strathbogie, in Aberdeenshire \ and at Castle
Gordon, in Bamfshire.

TALBOT EARL TALBOT. 229

TALBOT EARL TALBOT.

Thjs noble branch of the ancient and illustrious house of Talbot,
is lineally descended from Sir Gilbert Talbot, of Grafton, in Wor-
cestershire, third son of John, second Earl of Shrewsbury, by his
wife Elizabeth, daughter to James Butler, Ear] of Ormond,

The said Sir Gilbert Talbot, of Grafton, wno was Knight
Banneret, Knight of the Garter, and one of the most renowned
statesmen and warriors of his time, departed this life on Septem-
ber 19th, 1516, and was buried at Whitchurch, in Shropshire;
having married two wives : ] . Elizabeth, daughter of Henry Lord
Scrope, of Bolton: and, 2. Ethelreda (or Audrey), daughter of
Sir John Cotton, of Landwade, in the county of Cambridge, Knt.
(ancestor of Sir Charles Cotton, of Landwade and Madingley),
and successively the widow of Thomas Barton, Esq. and Sir Ri-
chard Gardiner, Lord Mayor of London. By the first wife, he
had two sons j Sir Gilbert, his heir, and Sir Humphrey, who died
without issue; also two daughters, Catharine, and Ann.

The said Sir Gilbert, his heir, Sheriff of Worcester, in 31 Hen.
VIII. died on October 22d, 1542, having been also twice married;
1. To Anne, daughter and coheir of Sir William Paston, of Pas-
t6n, in Norfolk (by Anne his wife, third sister and coheir of
Edmund Beaufort, fourth and last Duke of Somerset, from whose
elder brother, Henry, third Duke of Somerset, the present Duke
of Beaufort is descended) ; and, secondly, to Elizabeth, widow of

Wynter. By the last wife he had no children; but by

the first he was father of two sons, Humphrey and Walter, who
both died without issue ; and also of three daughters, coheirs.
1. Margaret, wedded to Sir Robert Newport, of Rushock, in
Worcestershire. 2. Elizabeth, married to Sir John Lyttelton, of

230 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

Frankley, ancestor to the present Lord Lyttelton. And, 3. Mary,
wedded to Sir Thomas Astley, of Pateshull, in Staffordshire, from
whom the late Sir John Astley, Bart, one of the Knights in par-
liament for the county of Salop, was lineally descended.

Sir Gilbert Talbot, of Grafton, who died on September 19th,
1516, by his second wife, Ethelreda Cotton, aforesaid, was father
of an only son, Sir John Taibot, of Albrighton, in Shropshire, to
whom Thomas Butler, Earl of Ormcnd, was godfather.

The said Sir John Talbot was Sheriff of the county of Salop
in the 19th, 29th,, and 33d of Henry VIII. and departed this life
on September 10th, 1549; being then possessed of Grafton, and
the other family estates in the county of Worcester, on the failure
of the heirs male of Sir Gilbert, his brother by the first mar-
riage.

He had two wives; first, Margaret, daughter and heir of Adam
Troutbeck, of Mobberley, in Cheshire, Esq. and heir to her
uncle, Sir William Troutbeck; and, secondly, Elizabeth, daugh-
ter of Walter Wrottesley, of Wrottesley, in Staffordshire, Esq.

Sir John, by his first wife, had Sir John Talbot, of Grafton,
his heir, of whom the present Earl of Shrewsbury is descended,
as is fully narrated in his Lordship's pedigree, in the third volume
of this work.

By his second wife (who afterwards wedded William, second
son of Sir John Lyttelton, of Frankley, aforesaid), he was father
of John Talbot, Esq. who had the seat and estate of Salwarp, in
Worcestershire.

This John Talbot, of Salwarp, Esq. married Oliva, daughter
and heir of Sir William Sherington/ of Lacock (or Laycock), in
Wilts, descended from an ancient family in Lancashire; and,
dying in 1572, left by her three sons; viz. 1. Sherington Talbot,
his heir. 2. John. And, 3. Thomas.

John Talbot, the second son, was of Badgworth, in Gloucester-
shire, and marrying Mary, daughter and heir of Thomas Trimnel,
of Okeley, in Worcestershire, by her was father of John Talbot,
of Okeley, who wedded Margaret, daughter of Thomas Gower,
of Droitwich, in the said county, and had issue.

Thomas Talbot, third son, was of Worwill, in com. Salop, and
espousing Magdalene, daughter of Sir Marmaduke Wyvill, of
Constable-Burton, in Yorkshire, Knt. and Bart, by her had issue
Robert Talbot, of Worvill, who had to wife Anne, daughter of

» Fuller's Worthier, p. 159.

EARL TALBOT. 231

William Sheldon, of Broadway, in com. Wigorn, by whom he
was father of three sonsj Thomas Talbot, of Worwill; Gilbert,
and George.

Sherrington Talbot, the eldest son, before-mentioned, suc-
ceeded his father in Salwarp and Lacock, and died about the year
1640.

This Sherington Talbot, Esq. had two wives ; first, Elizabeth,
daughter of Sir Thomas Leighton, the elder, by Anne, daughter
of Sir Francis Knollys, K. G.b of Feckingham, in Worcestershire,,
Knt.; and, secondly, Mary, daughter of John Washborn, of
Wichenford, in the county of Worcester.

By the first of those wives he had six sons, from whom there
is no surviving male issue. Sir Gilbert Talbot, one of the young-
est of the said six sons, was of Christ Church College, and elected
Fellow of All Souls, in the University of Oxford, A. D. l62g.
He was sent Agent to Venice, about the year 1638$ and after-
wards suffered very much for his adherence to the royal cause.
He was one of the first Fellows, also one of the Council of the
Royal Society, and Master of the Jewel-office to King Charles II.
but left no issue. Sherington, the eldest of the six sons, married,,

June 5th, daughter of John Lyttelton, of Frankley, in

Worcestershire, Esq. and had only one son, Sir John Talbot, of
Lacock, who died in February, 1714, and was buried at Laycock:
he had by his wife, Elizabeth, eldest daughter of Sir John Keyt,
of Ebrington, in Worcestershire, Bart, a son, Sherington, who
was baptized on May 30th, 1756, but died an infant (of whom
his mother died in childbed, and was buried at Stow, in Glou-
cestershire) ; and three daughters.

The three daughters of Sir John Talbot, of Lacock, knighted
by King Charles II. were, 1. Anne, who was wedded to Sir
John Ivory, and by him, besides other children, had John Ivory
Talbot, of Lacock, who was, in 1714, elected member for Lug-
gershall, in Wiltshire, in the first parliament called by George I.
and Knight of the shire for that county in the two first summoned
by George II. and by Mary his wife, youngest daughter of Tho-
mas, the first Lord Mansel, and sister to Bussy, the third and
last Lord Mansel, was father of John Talbot, who served for

b See Gent. Mag. December, 1799, P* I0I3« See St. John, Lord Poling-
broke, Vol. VI.

Sir John St. John, married the other daughter of Sir Thomas Leighton, senior,
who was brother of Sir Edward Leighton, of Walteboro'. See Baronetage,
IV. p. 4s.

232 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

Marlborough, in Wiltshire, in the tenth parliament of Great
Britain, which first met on business on November 12th, 1/47,
21 George II. c 2. Barbara, who married Henry Yelverton, Lord
Grey of Ruthyn, and Viscount Longueville, and by him was mo-
ther of Talbot, created Earl of Sussex, besides other children.
And, 3. Gilberta.

The issue of Sherington Talbot, Esq. by his foresaid second
wife, Mary,d daughter of John Washborn, of Wichenford, Esq.
were four sons.

1 . George Talbot, of Rudge, in com. Salop j whose only daugh-
ter and heir, Catharine, was married to Sir Clement Clarke, of
Lawnde-abbey, in com. Leicest. Bart.

2. Edward, slain in the Civil wars, on behalf of King
Charles I.

3. William. And,

4. Francis, who died unmarried.

The said William Talbot, third son, resided at Stourton-
castle, in Staffordshire. He died 27th March, 1(586, and has a
monument in Kinver church, in which parish Stourton-castle is
situated. He married Mary, daughter of Thomas Doughty, of
Whittington, in com. Wigorn, Esq. by whom he had issue Wil-
liam Talbot, Bishop of Durham, and two daughters ; Catharine,
who had to her first husband Walter Littleton, of Litchfield, in
com. Stafford, Esq.; and to her second, Lancelot Blackburn,
Archbishop of York, but died without issue; and Frances, mar-
ried to Samuel Jewkes, of Wolverley, in com. Wigorn. Esq.

His only son William, late Lord Bishop of Durham, was born
at Stourton-castle, his father's seat; and having his education e in
Oriel college in Oxford, took his degree of Master of Arts, on
June 23d, 1080 :f he was nominated & by King William to the
deanery of Worcester, on April 23d, 16915 and, on September
24th, 1699, was h consecrated bishop of Oxford, with leave to
hold his deanery in commendam5 in which see be continued till
the year 1715, when he was i made Bishop of Salisbury. He was

c From whom is descended the present Mr. Talbot of Margam.
* There is a memorial for Mary Talbot, widow, who deceased 30th March,
1661, at Kinver, co. Staff.

e Wood's Fasti Oxon, p. 488.
{ One of his early preferments was the valuable Rectory of Burfield, near
Reading, in Berks, in the patronage of the Shrewsbury family. Which was after*
wards held for many years by another of the Talbot family.

5 Le Neve's Fasti Eccles. p. 502. h Ibid. p. 229.

i Ibid, p. 529.

EARL TALBOT. 233

also, on September 23d, 1722, translated from thence to the bi-
shopric of Durham, of which county he was Lord Lieutenant and
Custos Rotulorum. His Lordship departed this life on October

]Oth, 1730; and by Catharine, his second wife,k daughter of

King, Esq. one of the Aldermen of the city of London, had issue
eight sons, and several daughters 5 of which, those who lived to
maturity", were,

1. Charles, first Lord Talbot, Baron of Hensoll, born in 1084.

2. Edward Talbot, who died in 1720, Archdeacon of Berk-
shire; a gentleman of uncommon parts, erudition, and taste for
the Belles Lettres. He married Mary, daughter of the Rev. Mr.
George Martyn, Prebendary of Lincoln, by whom he had a post-
humous daughter, Mrs. Catharine Talbot, celebrated for her piety
and genius, who died unmarried, January 9th, 1770.1

3. Sherington Talbot, born on — , 1699, was Colonel

of the 38th regiment of foot, and Major-general of his Majesty's
forces, and died on November 18th, 17&6, distinguished for his
accomplishments as a gentleman, for his military skill, valour,
and humanity as an officer. He married, first, Elizabeth, daugh-
ter of Henry Medget, Esq. and by her (who died in October,
1736), left issue two sons; 1. William Talbot, LL.D. Vicar of
Kineton, in com. Warwick, and Rector of St. Giles's, Reading,
born on May 18th, 1717, and died March 2d, 1774. He married
Sarah, daughter of John Eyles, Esq.; and, 2. Charles Henry Tal-
bot, born on October 30tb, 1720, and married to Anne, only
daughter of Thomas Hassell, Esq. by whom he had issue two
sons, Charles and George, and four daughters. The said Shering-;

ton married, secondly, Eleanora, daughter of Hickford,

Esq. who died September 6th, 1/4Q, without issue ; and, thirdly,
Charlotte, daughter of Thomas Freeman, of Antigua, Esq. by
whom he left issue one only daughter, named Indiana, born on
August 15 th, 1751.

4. Henry Talbot, born in 1700, one of the Commissioners of
the revenue arising by the duty on salt. He married, first, Eli-
zabeth, daughter of Richard Lloyd, Esq. by whom he had issue
one only daughter, Ely, wife of Thomas Cornwall, Esq. a Cap-
tain in his Majesty's navy; and, secondly, Catharine, daughter

k His first wife was daughter of — Crispe, an Attorney at Chipping-

Norton, Co. Oxford.

1 See a Memoir of her prefixed to the last edition of her Essays, 1809, by the
Rev. Montagu Pennington ; and also her Letters in the Correspondence of Mr?.
Elizabeth Carter.

234 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

of Sir Hugh Clopton, of Stratford upon Avon, in com. Warwick,
Knight, who died on May 1/th, 1754, without issue.

The said Bishop of Durham's daughters were, Henrietta-Maria,
who married Dr. Charles Trimnel, Bishop of Winchester ; and,
Catharine, who married Exton Sayer, LL.D, afterward Chancel-
lor of Durham, both of whom died without issue.

Charles, first Lord Talbot, aforesaid, the eldest son of
Dr. William Talbot, Bishop of Durham, was endowed with ad-
mirable talents, which were improved by a liberal and generous
education, suitable to the dignity of his extraction; and, applying
himself to the study of the laws, advanced himself, by real merit,
without servility or the arts of corruption. Both as a pleader
and a judge, he displayed an uncommon fund of knowledge and
eloquence; and manifested an inviolable integrity upon all occa-
sions. Although in place, he maintained the independence and
spirit of the most celebrated patriots of any country or age 3 he
never prostituted the power of office to ministerial or other dic-
tates, nor ever stained it by an act of avarice: and his own family
and kindred were not the sole objects of his care and beneficence;
he was the munificent patron of literature and learned men, and
the sure relief of the distressed.

He was elected member for Tregony, in Cornwall, upon a va-
cancy, in the year 17^9, to the fifth parliament of Great Britain;
and was returned for the city of Durham to the two succeeding
parliaments.

On May 31st, 1/17, he was nominated Solicitor-general to
George Prince of Wales, the late King; and, on April 22d, 1/26,
was constituted Solicitor-general to King George I. He continued
in that post till Nov. 29th, 1733, when he was appointed Lord
High Chancellor of Great Britain, and at the same time
sworn of his Majesty's Privy-council. He was, by letters patent,
dated on December 5th that year, created a Peer of Great Britain,
by the name, style, and title of Lord Talbot, Baron of Hensol,
in the county of Glamorgan : in August, 1734, his Lordship was
chosen a Governor of the Charter- house. And on February 14th,
1737, died in his office of Lord Chancellor, at his house in Lin-
coln's-Inn-Fields, in the fifty-third year of his age, universally
honoured, beloved, and justly lamented, as a great national loss.
His coffin was covered with crimson velvet, and his arms, purse,
mace, and the regalia, were curiously engraved on a brass plat*
gilt, with this inscription on it:

EARL TALBOT. 253

The Right Honourable

Charles Lord Talbot,

Baron of Hensol,

Lord High Chancellor of England,

And one of his Majesty's most Honourable Privy council,

Died Feb. 14, 1/36-7,

In the 53d year of his age.

His Lordship was buried on February 23d, at Barrington, in
Gloucestershire.

This nobleman, who added lustre to the peerage, being an or-
nament to his profession and his country, of great taltnts, the
most virtuous principles, and the most kind, and amiable disposi-
tion, married Cecil, daughter and heir of Charles Matthews, of
Castle-y-Menich, in Glamorganshire, Esq. great grand-daughter
and heir of David Jenkins, of Hensol, in the same county, Esq.
one of the Justices of South Wales, distinguised for his learning
and probity in his profession, his steady adherence to the cause of
King Charles I. and magnanimous opposition to the unconstitu-
tional measures of the house of Commons, By that Lady, who
departed this life in m 1720, he had issue five sons,

1. Charles-Richard Talbot, a promising youth, who died a
bachelor in 1733, aged twenty-four years, celebrated by a poem
of Thomson, the author of the Seasons.

2. William, Earl Talbot.

3. John Talbot, who was chosen member of parliament for the
town of Brecon, 1734, and having vacated his seat by accepting
the office of second Justice of the counties of Chester, Flint,
Denbigh, and Montgomery, on April 4th, 17 JO, he was re-elected
for the same place, for which he also served in the two succeed-
ing parliaments, summoned in 174 1, and 174/. He was returned
for Ilchester, in Somersetshire, in 1754; and being appointed one
of the Lords Commissioners of Trade and the Plantations, in 1755,
he was re-chosen for that borough, and continued to represent it,
until he died, on September 23d, 1756, highly esteemed for his
abilities and probity. He married, first, Henrietta Maria, daugh-
ter and coheir of Sir Matthew Decker, Bart, wbo died in Sep-
tember 1747; and, secondly, Catharine, eldest daughter of John,
Lord Viscount Chetwynd, of Ireland, by whom he left issue four

m She died at Sutton, in Surrey, the 13th June, 1720, in the twenty-eighth
year of her age ; and by her own desire, was buried in the church-yard there.

236 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

sons; namely, John Chetwynd, Lord Talbot, Charles, George,
and William, of all whom hereafter.

4. Edward Talbot, who died an infant.

5. George Talbot, D. D. Vicar of Guiting, in com. Gloucester,
whose distinguished virtues gained him the spontaneous offer
from his present Majesty, of the bishopric of St. David in 1761
(being the first that became vacant after his Majesty's accession),
which he refused to accept. He married Anne, eldest daughter
of Jacob, late Lord Viscount Folkstone, and sister to the late Earl
of Radnor, by whom he has issue, 1. George, born March 25th,
1763 ; married, January 4th, 1789, Charlotte Drake, youngest
daughter of the Rev. Mr. Drake. 2. Charles, born October 26th,
1762; married, June 27th, 1796, Elizabeth, eldest daughter of
Henry, fifth Duke of Beaufort, K. G. 3. Anne, born December
31st, 1764 j died 1767. 4. Cecil, born March 25th, 1768; mar-
ried John-Edmund Chamberlayne, Esq. of Maugersbury, in
Gloucestershire. 5. Louisa, born December 1st, 1772, and mar-
ried, June 13th, 1797, William Agar, Esq. 0. Harriet, born
April 22d, 1776, died 1777.

William, first Earl Talbot," was seated at Hensol, in
Glamorganshire, in the lifetime of his father, and represented
that county in parliament from 1731, till he succeeded to the
peerage by his father's death. His Lordship had no place during
the reign of George II. but on the accession of the present King,
when those who had supported the patriotic system of Frederick
Prince of Wales were admitted into places of trust, his Lordship
was constituted Lord Steward' of his Majesty's household (in
which he reformed many abuses), and was sworn of his most
Hon. Privy-council, on March 25th, 1761 ; having been advanced
to the dignity of an Earl of Great Britain, on the 21st of that
month, by the name, style, and title, of Earl Talbot, with re-
mainder to his heirs male. As Lord Steward of the household,
he walked at the nuptial procession of their Majesties, on Septem-
ber 8th, 1761, taking place of all Earls by virtue of his office. At
the solemnity of their coronation, on the 22d of that month, his
Lordship, as Lord High Steward of England, carried St. Edward's
Crown; pronounced the words, of homage to his Majesty, in
name of the Earls; and attended Mr. Dymocke, the Champion,
when he made the formal challenge. His Lordship, both in and
out of place, uniformly supported the character of an indepen-
dent Peer, and verified his assertion, that he would not forfeit
it for the smiles of a court, or the profits of an employment.

EARL TALBOT. 237

His Lordship was also LL.D. and Colonel of the Militia of Gla-
morganshire.

In February, 1733-4, his Lordship married Mary de Cardonel,
sole daughter and heir (she being then only fifteen years of age),
of Adam de Cardonnel, of Bedhampton Park, in the county of
Southampton, Esq. Secretary at War at home, and to the army
in Flanders, in the reign of Queen Anne, and representative in
three parliaments for the town of Southampton ; who having dis-
charged with great honour and distinguished abilities, the several
public employments through which he had passed, King George I.
was pleased to honour him with repeated offers of making him
Secretary of State 3 which, however, he declined, having prede-
termined never to engage again in public affairs. By her he had
one son, William, who died an infant j and a daughter, Cecil, born
in July 1735, and married, on August l6tb, 1756, to George Rice,
Esq. of Newton, in Carmarthenshire, one of the Lords Commis-
sioners of Trade and the Plantations, and Knight in parliament
for that county, of which he was also Lord Lieutenant and Custos
Rotulorum. This Lady succeeded, on the death of her father,
27th April, 1782;, to the title of Baroness Dinevor.

His Lordship died at his house in Lincoln's-Inn-Fields, 27th
April, 1782, on which the earldom became extinct ; but having
been created Baron Dinevor, on 29th September, 1780, with
remainder to his daughter, Lady Cecil Rice, she succeeded to that
Barony, and the Barony of Talbot descended to his nephew and
heir-male, John-Chetwynd Talbot.

To return therefore to the Hon. John Talbot, his Lordship's
younger brother, who died before him in 1756, as already men-
tioned. This John had issue,

1 . John Chetwynd, third Lord Talbot.

2. Charles, born, June 30th, 1752.

3. George, in holy orders, born June 6th, 1756, married, May
23d, 1794, Anne, daughter of the Hon. Topham Beauclerk.

4. William-Henry, a Captain of dragoons, born in 1754, died
unmarried in 1782.

5. Edward died an infant.

John Chetwynd, eldest son, succeeded his uncle as third
Baron Talbot, on April 27th, 1782, and was created discount
of Ingestrie, co. Staff, and Earl Talbot, of Hensol, in Glamor-
ganshire, by patent, bearing date July 3d, 1784.

His Lordship died May 19th, 1793; having married, May 7th,

238 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

17/6, Lady Charlotte, daughter of Wills Hill, first Marquis of
Downshire, and by her, who died January j 7th, 1804, left issue,

1. Charles Chetwynd, present Earl.

2. John, born April 4th, 177Q.

Charles Chetwynd succeeded his father as second Earl
Talbot of the new creation.

His Lordship was born April 25th, 1/77, and married, August
28th, 1800, Frances-Thomasine Lambart, eldest daughter of
Charles Lambart, of Beau Park, in Ireland, Esq. by Frances,
sister of John Dutton, Lord Sherborne, by whom he has

Frances-Charlotte, born May 17th, 1801.

Charles-Thomas, discount Ingestrie, born July 1 1th, 1802.

A son, born November 8th, 1S03.

And another son, born May 31st, 180(5.

Titles. Charles Chetwynd Talbot, Earl Talbot, Lord Talbot,
Baron of Hensol.

Creations. Baron Talbot, of Hensol, in the county of Glamor-
gan, on December 5th (1733), 7 George II. ; and Earl Talbot,
July 3d, 1784, 1 George III.

Arms. Gules, a lion rampant, within a border engrailed, Or,
a crescent difference.

Crest. On a chapeau, Gules, turned up ermine, a lion, Or, his
tail extended.

Supporters. On each side, a talbot, Argent, collared with a
double tressure fleury, counter fleury, Gules.

MottO. HUMANI NIHIL ALIENUM.

Chief Seat. Ingestrie, Staffordshire.

GROSVENOR EARL GROSVENOR. 239

GROSVENOR EARL GROSVENOR.

This noble family is descended from a long train, in the male
line, of illustrious ancestors, who flourished in Normandy, with
great dignity and grandeur, from the time of its first erection into
a sovereign dukedom, A. D. 912, to the Conquest of England, in
the year \066; having been always ranked among the foremost
there, either for nobleness of blood or power; and having had the
government of many castles and strong holds in that duchy, and
likewise the possession of the honourable and powerful office of
Le Grovenour; it is certain, that from that place of high trust
they took their surname, which has been variously written Gros-
venor, Le Grosvenor, Le Grosvenour, Grovenor, Le Groveneur,
and Le Grovenour.

The patriarch of this ancient house was an uncle of Rollo, the
famous Dane; and one of the principal commanders, who, A. D.
876, accompanied him in his descent upon England, where that
renowned chieftain proposed to fix an abode for himself and
Danish or Norman followers ; but finding his countrymen masters
of the best part of that kingdom, and Alfred (the Great), in a
condition to maintain the rest, he set sail for France, in hopes of
obtaining a settlement there; and the event answered his expec-
tation. Rollo got such firm footing in Neustria (to which he
gave the name of Normandy), that it was not in the power of the
French to drive him out; and their sovereign, Charles, styled the
Simple, was forced, in order to free himself from the continual
dread of so potent and enterprizing a neighbour, to grant him
that part of Neustria., then in the hands of the victorious Danes,
situate between the Seine and the Epte, with the title of Duke of
Normandy. This happened in the year 9 12, when Edward (com-

240 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

monly called the Elder), swayed the English sceptre: and Rollo>
according to agreement, embracing the Christian faith, was bap-
bized, did homage to the French monarch, and married Giselle,
or Gisela, his sister, by some called his daughter. Rollo having
thus obtained that fine province, liberally rewarded his kinsmen,
companions, and fellow adventurers.

In the year 1066, William, seventh Duke of Normandy, though
an illegitimate son of Robert, the sixth Duke, whose father, Ri-
chard II. the fourth Duke, was great grandson to the before-
mentioned Rollo, landed at Pevensey (now Pemsey), in Sussex,
on September 29th; and having vanquished and slain Harold II.
in an engagement, on October 14th, at a place since known by
the name of Battle-abbey, a few miles from Hastings, got himself
acknowledged King of England, and was crowned on Christmas-
day, that year.

Among the attendants of the said William, Duke of Normandy,
in that victorious expedition into England, were his two uterine
brothers, Robert, Earl of Mortaigne, in the duchy of Normandy
(who afterwards got the earldom of Cornwall), and Odo, Bishop
of Bajeux, in the said duchy (created Earl of Kent, in IO67) with
Hugh Lupus, Count of Avranches, who by his mother was their
nephew (of whom mention will be made as Earl of Chester), and
Gilbert le Grosvenor, nephew to the said Hugh; as is evi-
dent from a record, preserved in the Tower of London, concern-
ing a famous plea (which shall in its proper place be taken due
notice of), in a court of chivalry, with relation to a Coat of Arms
claimed by Sir Richard le Scrope (who had been Lord High Chan-
cellor of England in 1882), and Sir Robert le Grosvenor.

The said Hugh Lupus, Earl of Avranches, in Normandy, ne-
phew to King William, the Conqueror, and uncle to Gilbert le
Grosvenor aforesaid, got the whole earldom and county of Ches-
ter from his uncle, King William, in 10/0, the fourth year of his
reign, to le holden as freely by his sword, as the King himself held
England by his crown: and, after the battle of Namptwich, parted
with the lordship of Lostock, and gave one moiety, which was
called Nether-Lostock, to Sir Hugh Rowchamp (progenitor to
John de Holford, hereafter mentioned in the armorial contest),
and the other moiety, called Over Lostock, to Robert le Gros-
venor, the son of Gilbert le Grosvernor, aforesaid, and which con-
tinued with his heirs male descendants until the year 1465, when
it was partitioned with other lands among the coheirs of Robert
le Grosvenor, after-mentioned.

*" EARL GROSVENOR. 241

In Dbotwsday-Book, begun in 1080, and finished in 1086, it is
recorded, that the before-mentioned Hugh, Earl of Chester, had
among other possessions, Lay, Codynton, prope Farndon, and
Little-Bud worth, which he afterwards bestowed upon this family.

Cotemporary with the said Hugh, Earl of Chester, who de-
parted this life, A. D. 1 103, there appear others persons of the
name of Grosvenor: for in IO93, when that nobleman, then ad-
vanced in years, and disposed to several works of piety (of which
his munificence to the monastery of Bee, and the foundation of
St. Severus, in Normandy, are instances), founded a new convent
for monks of the Benedictine order, in his city of Chester, and
endowed it very largely, we find Ranulph le Grosvenor, and Er-
noise le Grosvenor, witnesses to his charter, now in the custody
of the Dean and Chapter of Chester. By the same charter, his
Lordship allowed each of his principal Barons to give C s. per
annum land thereto, and all others, as much as they were able to
bestow, &c.

Amongst his Barons, and great men, who were the next bene-
factors to the said Benedictine abbey, we meet with several of the
family who gave lands in Lostock, Contintune, Lay, Bradford,
Namptwich, and Brocktune, as appears by the confirmation of
Richard, second Earl of Chester, son of Hugh aforesaid, dated at
Gralam, A. D. 11 19. They likewise gave benefactions to their
uncle's foundation of Bee and St. Severus, in Normandy.

Also cotemporary with the beforementioned Hugh Lupus, Earl
of Chester, and Robert le Grosvenor, lived Ulger le Grosvenor,
whose name occurs among the commanders who, A. D. 1102,
garrisoned the castle of Bridgnorth, in Shropshire, in behalf of
Robert de Belesme, Earl of Arundel and Shrewsbury, who had
incurred the displeasure of King Henry I. for asserting the claim
of his brother, Robert, Duke of Normandy, the- eldest son of King
William, the Conqueror.

The said Robert le Grosvenor, who got Over-Lostock from
Hugh, Earl of Chester, and was son of Gilbert le Grosvenor, who
came to England, A. D. 106(5, with William, the Conqueror, was
succeeded by

Henry le Grosvenor, his son and heir, who was father of

Raufe le Grosvenor, who adhered to the cause of the Empress
Maud against King Stephen. He was with his cousin, Ranulph
de Gernoniis, fourth Earl of Chester, at the battle of Lincoln, on
February 2d, 1141, 6 Steph. when that prince was made prisoner -,

VOL.V. K

242 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

but being with the same Earl about two years afterwards, had
the misfortune to be taken by his adversaries.

Robert le Grosvenor, successor to the said Raufe, engaged in
the crusade with King Richard I. for the recovery of the Holy
Land, and was with that courageous Monarch in Sicily, A.D. 1 190,
when he assaulted and took Messina, in revenge of King Tancred's
expelling the English soldiers for some abuses they had commit-
ted there: but Richard having displayed his banners on the walls
of that part of the town allotted to the French, Philip II. (sur-
named Augustus), their Sovereign, resented it as a great indig-
nity j and though the King of England ordered his banners to be
taken down, and declared that he had no intention, by erecting
them, to offend Philip, yet there arose such dissention between
them, as in the sequel proved very prejudicial to the cause in
which they had mutually embarked. The said Robert le Gros-
venor was likewise, in llpl, with King Richard, at the conquest
of the island of Cyprus, where some of the English forces had
been wrecked, and barbarously treated by Isaac, who had usurped
the government, and professed the Christian religion, as well as
the before-mentioned Tancred, of Sicily, who was also an usurper.
He assisted, besides, at the siege of Aeon, Acres, or Ptolemais, in
Palestine, which, after being above two years beleagured by the
Christian forces, was surrendered, by Saladin, Sultan of Egypt,
on July 12th, 1191 j and, in the year ensuing, at the memorable
victory obtained over Saladin, by which Richard became master
of Joppa (or Jaffa), Ascalon, and Caesarea.
The next in descent to the said Robert, was,
Richard le Grosvenor, who, in 1234, purchased Hulme (some-
times also written Holme, and Houlme, in Allostock, and Nether-
Lostock, of Gralam, son of Richard de Runchamp, whose father
was Henry de Runchamp, lord of Nether-Lostock. It appears by
a deed bearing date in the year 1269, lately in the possession of
— Shakerley, of Hulme, that it was agreed between the Prior
and Convent of Norton, of the one part, and Richard le Grosve-
nor, and other parishioners of Nether- Pever chapel, on the other
part, that the Prior of Norton should find them a secular chaplain
to say divine service, &c. and that the parishioners should pro-
vide books, vestments, vessels, and other ornaments of the church
at their own costs.

The said Richard le Grosvenor was succeeded by his son, Ro-
bert le Grosvenor 3 and probably was also father of Richard le

EARL GROSVENOR. 2*3

Grosvenor, who held the manor of Budworth, in le Frith, with
its appurtenances, of our Lord the King, as Earl of Chester, in
capite, by the service of one knight's fee, A.D. 12Q5, 23 Edw. I.
as appears by the Red Book in the Exchequer.

The last mentioned Robert le Grosvenor succeeded his father,
Richard le Grosvenor, in the lands of Hulme, and purchased
Nether- Pever, in Edward I.'s reign, in the 12th, ]3th, 14th, 15th,
and lfith years of which, he served the office of Sheriff of Chester;
and in that reign was also in the wars of Scotland. He married
— — , one of the seven daughters of William de Mobberley, of
Mobbcrly, in Cheshire, Esq. by his second wife, Maud, daughter
and heir of Robert Downes, of Chorley, juxta Werford. The
before-named William de Mobberley was Sheriff of Chester, A.D.
1319, ana* by his first wife had Sir Raufe de Mobberley, who died
without issue, in France, A.D. 1361, and a daughter, Cicely,
who, in J 329, wedded John Dumville, the younger, of Mobber-
ley. Upon the death of the said Sir Raufe de Mobberley, who
had succeeded his father, William, in 1327, the said Cicely, his
sister, inherited the estate of Mobberley; and his sisters of the
half blood (whereof one was wife of Robert le Grosvenor, and
another, Mary, was married to Nicholas Leicester, of Tabley, in
Cheshire), became coheirs to their mother's lands in Chorley.
The beforementioned Robert le Grosvenor, of Hulme and Nether-
Pever, had, by his said wife, one of William de Mobberley's
daughters of the second marriage, a son, Sir Robert le Grosvenor,
his heir, and several daughters, whereof a Mary was wife to Ed-
mund Sherard, ancestor to the present Earl of Harborough; Joan,
wife to Anthony Pawlet; Alice, to Henry Denton; and Marga-
ret, married to Ralph Allen, of Cheshire.

Sir Robert le Grosvenor, son and heir to Robert le Grosvenor,
aforesaid, accompanied King Edward III. when he besieged
Vannes, in Brittany, A. D. 1342, and was with him at the pas-
sage of the river Somme, on Friday, August 25th, 134f3, and next
day at the memorable battle of Cressy (or Crecy), as also at the
siege of Calais, which began on September 8th, that year, and
continued till August 4th following. This Sir Robert le Grosve-
nor wedded Emma, daughter to Waring de Maynwaring, of Pe-
ver; and by her had

Raufe le Grosvenor, who succeeded him in his lands of Hulme,
Nelher-Pever, &c. and was father of

* St, George's MSi Baronage prxdict.

244 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

Sir Robert le Grosvenor, who had the famous plea,b before-
mentioned, with Sir Richard le Scrope, about a Coat of Arms,
viz. Azure, one Bendy Or. This suit (in which Sir Richard le
Scrope was plaintiff, and Sir Robert le Grosvenor, defendant),
was tried before the High Constable and High Marshal of Eng-
land, and others commissioned for that purpose j and lasted three
years, not being decided until 1389, tne J2tn vear of the reign of
King Richard II. The Judges proceeded upon the evidence of
old Chronicles, ancient Deeds, and old Records of Monasteries,
&c. then produced, and upon the testimony of the following
Nobility and Gentlemen, then bearing Arms, viz. John, Duke of
Lancaster, King of Castile and Leon, the Earl of Derby, the Earl
of Arundel, the Lord D'Arcy, the Lord Grey of Ruthyn, the
Earl of Northumbetland, the Duke of Warwick, the Lord Poyn-
ings, Stephen, Abbot of Vale-Royal, of the Cestertian order, Sir
Owen de Glendore, Sir John le Massy, de Podington, Knight-
Banneret, Sir Laurence de Dutton, Knight-Banneret, Sir Hugh
de Browe, Knight- Banneret, Richard de Monlegh, Robert de
Puseldon, Morgan de Yonge, John de Hanmere, John Decka,
Tudor de Glandore, Howell de Eton, James de Eton, Thomas
Sampeer, Sir William de Brereton, Knight- Banneret, Thomas
de Davenport, John de Leycestre, Raufe de Leycestre, Hugh de
Hulle, Richard de Legh, Richard de Vernon, Thomas de Legh,
de North wolde, John de Massy, Hugh de Legh, Sir William de
Legh, Knight- Banneret, Sir William de At her ton, Knight- Ban-
neret, Sir Roger de Pilkington, Knight- Banneret, Raufe de Lang-
ton, Baron de Newton, Henry de Rixton, Roger de Bradshagh,
John de Haddock, Raufe de Standish, William de Chisnall, John
de Ashurst, Richard de Atherton, Matthew de Suhwortb, Sir
William de Atherton, Knt. Matthew de Haidock, Boger de
Atherton, Robert de Par, Henry de Tildeslegh, Gilbert de Cul-
cheth, Hugh de Winstanlegh, Matthew de Tildeslegh, Henry
de Par, John de Holcroft, Sir Richard de Bold, Knight- Banneret,
Aleyn de Rixton, Richard de Masse, de Rixton, Gilbert de Burgg,
Hugh de Welston, William de Moston, Randulph de Manwaiing,
William de Stanlegh, John Mainwaring, Geoffrey de Boy dell,
x Sir John de Ashton, Knight- Banneret, John Pygot, Bobert de
Stanlegh, Esq. William de Hulme, Esq, John de Cliffe, de Mac-
clesfield, Esq. John Fitz-Richard, de Sutton, Esq. Robert de
Holland, John de Holland, Raufe de Stanlegh, John de Rade-

b See the account of it in Godwin's Life of Chaucer.

EARL GROSVENOR.

cleve, de Dordeshall, John de Dockenfield, Esq. Thomas dc
Haschton, John de Legh, Geoffrey de Legh, William de Soding-
ton, Robert de Downes, John de Davenport, de Bromhall, John
de Dokenfeld, Geoffrey de Vernon, Robert de Hyde, John de
Hcnford, Geoffrey Massy, Nicholas de Rixton, Robert le Prior

de , William de Tranmer, Thomas le Vernon, John Bo-

teler, de Verton, William del Slene, Nicholas Orrel, Roger de
Barton, Robert de Pilkington, de Rorrington, Yonet de Bradshaw,
John de Trafford, Thomas de Pynnington, John de Urmiston,
John de Horneby, Sir Thomas Fleminge, Knight- Banneret, Ed-
mund de Dacre, John de Bache, John de Raudford, Sir John de
Dal ton, Knight- Banneret, Andrew de Levere, Richard de Hil-
ton, Edward de Lathum, Robert de Wastbynton, Robert de
Bradshawe, Sir Robert de Hassal, Thomas Hesketh, Nicholas de
Rigby, Thomas de Halghton, Henry Bradshawe, Richard Talbot,
William de Hilton, Richarde de Holland, Thomas de, Merbury,
John de Halum, William de Legh, David de Cruwe, David de
Malpas, John Dann, de Utkinton, Henry de Buston, John de
Etoun, Hugh de Coton, Raufe de Egerton, Robert de Colwich,
Abbot of the abby of Combermere, William Danyell, Roger de
Moldeworth, Robert Danyell, Robert de Hassall, John de Fro-
desham, Hugh de Cotton, John de Burghe, John de Holford,
[before-mentioned, then of the age of forty-four years], and Wil-
liam de Merston, Abbot of St. Warburge, de Chester. — Many
or some of these deposed their having seen in the Chronicles, old
Deeds, and other Records of Monasteries, that Hugh Lupus,
commonly called the first Earl of Chester (after the Conquest),
nephew to William the Conqueror, of England, came into Eng-
land with the said William, and with the said Earl Hugh, came
one Gilbert le Grosvenor, nephew to the said Earl Hugh, armed
with the arms aforesaid, viz. Azure, one Bend, a" Or, and that he
bore the same to his death ; that from the said Gilbert descended
Robert, his son and heir, and that he used the same arms all his
timej that from the said Robert came one Henry, and from Henry
came Raufe, and from Raufe came Robert, and from the said
Robert came another Robert, and from that Robert came Raufe,
and that from that same Raufe came Sir Robert le Grosvenor, the
defendant of these arms; which arms all and every of them,
aforesaid, have successively, and by right of male descent borne,
^nd the same used peaceably and quietly, without the claim or
challenge of any one whatsoever, down to the present contest,
occasioned by Sir Richard le Scrope being armed with these arms,

46 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

as well as Sir Robert le Grosvenor, in the late expedition of
Monsieur the King into Scotland, and except that Sir John Da-
niers, or Danyell, of Tabley, in Cheshire, Knight-Banneret, in
behalf of the said Sir Robert le Grosvenor (who was then his son-
in-law, and an infant), challenged, in France, an Esquire, of
Cornwall, one Carminaw [or Carminow], by name, upon seeing
him armed with the said arms, and that the said Sir John Danyell
did maintain the said armes in battaile against him. They fur-
ther deposed, that they had heard from persons of rank, and an-
cient people whom they could believe and credit, that all and
every of the aforesaid ancestors of the said Sir Robert le Gros-
venor had always borne and used the said arms, and that this was
the common and received opinion of the matter throughout the
county of Chester, and in other parts and counties adjacent:
and they or some of them further deposed, that he, the said Sir
Robert le Grosvenor, armed with these arms, accompanied, and
was harbenger to, Sir James d'Audley, then Lieutenant to the
Lord Edward, Prince of Wales, commonly called Edward the
Black Prince, for seventeen years last past, and was in Berry,
Algayne, del Tour de Brose, & a Issendon & a la siege de Rock-
sirion, en Pet/to, en Gyan, fcf a Viers en Normande, & en bat-
taile de Poictiers (when the said Sir James d'Audley gained the
greatest honour for his extraordinary valour, and his bounty and
generosity to his Esquires and followers), and that the said Sir
Robert le Grosvenor, being armed as aforesaid, was at the victory
of Najara, in Spain, 1367, a°d w*m tne sa^ ^or^ Edward, the
Prince, in his last action, at Limoges, 1370. It was likewise
proved, that Raufe le Grosvenor, an ancestor of the said Sir Ro-
bert, was at Lincolu, with his cousin, Ranulph, Earl of Chester,
and armed as aforesaid, 1141, when King Stephen was taken pri-
soner j and again, 1 143, with his said cousin, the Earl of Chester,
when he was pursued, and himself taken prisoner.

The before-mentioned conveyance, made by the said Hugh
Lupus, Earl of Chester, of the lands of Over-Lostock, to Robert
]e Grosvenor, the son of Gilbert, was also attested, during the
course of the trial ; and that the said lands were then part of the
inheritance of the said Sir Robert le Grosvenor, the defendant, hy
lineal male succession.

It was likewise proved, that Sir Robert le Grosvenor, another
ancestor of the said Sir Robert, bore the same arms, when he ac-
companied King Edward III. in the camp laying before Vannes,
in Brittaigne, and also afterwards at the passage over the Sommej

EARL GROSVENOR. 147

and at the battle of Cressy, and at the siege of Calais: and that
Robert le Grosvenor, another ancestor also of Sir Robert, the de-
fendant, was armed, as aforesaid, with King Richard I. at Mes-
sina, in Sicily, 1190} and, in 1191, at the conquering of Cyprus,
and at the taking of Aeon, or Ptolemais, defended by the power
of Saladin, and at the relief of Joppa, where Saladan was re-
pulsed.

It was also made evident, that another Robert, likewise an an-
cestor to the defendant, was in Scotland with King Edward II.
in his wars, armed as aforesaid.

Many of the before- mentioned gentlemen also deposed, that
they had seen the said arms painted in glass windows, upon shields,
standards, pennons, buildings, edifices, tombs, sepulchres, or
monuments, and other places, as the arms of the said Sir Robert
and his ancestors j and particularly in the several churches of
Great-Bad worth, Mobberley, Tarvin, Wartin, Christleton, Stock-
port, Lymme, Sandbach, Aldford, Middlewich, Namptwich, St.
Werburge in Chester, the Friars-Minors in Chester, St. Mary in
Chester, Vale Royal abby, Cumbermere abby, the chapels of
Hulme, Over-Pever, Nether-Pever, Witton, Bonches, and Bold,
and at Dutton, and Bradley j and that they had moreover seen
eeveral Charters, Records, and other Deeds, belonging to the said
Sir Robert, and his ancestors, sealed with seals engraved with the
said arms, and which were with the Register, to be by him pro-
perly exhibited before the Lord the Constable, and the Lord the
Marshal of England.

Likewise, the before-mentioned Howell de Eton, James de
Eton, Sir William de Brereton, Knight- Banneret, Thomas de Da-
venport, John de Leycestre, Raufe de Leycestre, Sir Richard de
Bold, Knight- Banneret, Randulph de Manwaring, Raufe de Stan-
legh, Thomas de Stanlegh, Robert de Dovvnes, John de Daven-
port, de Bromhall, Robert de Hyde, Thomas le Vernon, John de
Eton, Robert de Hassall, John de Frodsham, and Hugh de Coton,
did further depose, that they were cousins to the said Sir Robert
le Grosvenor, defendant.

It appeared* by the said trial, that Sir Richard le Scrope, 1346,
in his expedition against the Scots, challenged an Esquire of
Cornwall, of the name of Carminaw, and upon examination be-
fore the Knights and Esquires, there present, it was alleged that
Sir Richard le Scrope, and his ancestors, had borne the same arms
ever since the Conquest of England j and, on the part of Carmi-
naw, it was alleged, that he and his ancestors had borne the

24S PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

same arms ever since the time of King Arthur: wherefore it wai
adjudged, that they should continue to bear the said arms.

The sentence of the court, in the cause of Sir Richard le Scrope
and Sir Robert le Grosvenor, was, that Sir Richard should bear
the arms of Azure, and one Bend, d'Or, as formerly, and that Sir
Robert should bear the said arms, but with a Bordure & Argent*
Sir Robert, thinking himself injured by that sentence, appealed
to the King himself, before whom, by his commissioners, the
whole pleadings were reviewed 5 and at length it was decided,
that Sir Richard le Scrope should continue the usage of the said
arms, and that Sir Robert le Grosvenor should either use the said
arms with a Bordure, as in the sentence, or else, instead of the
Bend, Or, might bear a Garb, Or, from the arms of the ancient
Earls of Chester, his consanguinity to thein having been so fully
proved in the said trial : whereupon Sir Robert le Grosvenor ever
after bore for his arms, Azure, a Garb, Or; and the same have
been constantly used by his successors.

This Sir Robert le Grosvenor had two wives ; first, Joan, one
of the daughters of Sir John Daniers, or Danyell, of Tabiey, in
the county of Chester, Knight- Banneret, before-mentioned, but
by her had no issue: and, secondly, Joan, or Jane, sometimes
called Joceline, daughter to Sir Robert de Pulford, lord of Pulford,
in the county of Chester, Knt. (who was living in 1348, wheri
Sir James Audley was Sheriff of that county), and widow of Tho-
mas Belgrave, and at length heir to her brother, John, son and
heir to her father, Sir Robert, by dame Jane his wife, who, after
his death, took Richard de Bosseley for her second husband. The
said Sir Robert de Pulford was the son of Sir Robert, lord of Pul-
ford, who was alive in 1308, and was son of another Sir Ro-
bert de Pulford, lord of Pulford, who was with King Edward I.
in the wars of Scotland. The said Sir Robert le Grosvenor was
Sheriff of Cheshire, quam diu nobis placuerit, as appears by an
ancient writ, now remaining in the Exchequer at Chester, dated
January 1st, 1388-9. ^e was again Sheriff of that county, 1304,
and. by the aforesaid Joan, or Joceline, left at his death (which
happened in 13CjG), a son aud heir,

Sir Thomas le Grosvenor, Knt. who wedded Joan, one of the
daughters and coheirs of Sir William Phesant, of the county of
Stafford, Knt. and was living A. D. 1422. By the said Joan (who
by a second marriage was the wife of Sir Thomas del Roche, Knt.
and was alive in the year 1431, he had four sons: 1. Robert, his
guccessor in Hulme, &c. 2. Raufe, continuator of the. male line*

EARL GROSVENOR. 24(J

3. Thomas, of whom afterwards. And, 4. Randulph, who by

his wife, daughter of — Whitraore, was progenitor to

the Grosvenors of Warwickshire.

Robert le Grosvenor, lord of Hulme, &c. eldest son and heir
to Sir Thomas le Grosvenor, Knt. was, in most part of Hen. VTs
reign, in the war against France. He married Jonet, otherwise
Johanne, daughter to Sir Jeoffry de Chedell, Knt. and by her was
father of six daughters, his coheirs. 1. Elizabeth. 2. Emme.
3. Catherine. 4. Margaret. 5. Anne, by some called Agnes.
And, 6. Margery. ■ g

This Robert le Grosvenor was possessed of Hulme, Allostock,
Lostock, Gralam, Nether-Pever, Donam, Barton, Aldersey, Brox-
ton, Chorley, Buyerton, Pulford, and lands in Claverton nigh
Chester, and in Honbridge, nigh Chester, all in the county of
Chester; besides considerable estates in Staffordshire: all which,
after his death, were divided by deed of partition, in 1465, among
his daughters aforesaid.

Elizabeth, the eldest, was married, A. D. 1446, to Peter Dut-
ton, of Hatton, Esq. son and heir of John Dutton, of Hatton,
Esq. She was living in 14 69, but died in the lifetime of her
husband, by whom she was mother of Peter Dutton, junior, Raufe,
Richard, and Randle. The said Peter Dutton, junior, wedded
Eleanor, daughter of Sir Robert Towleshurst, of Cruwe, in Che-
shire, Knt. and left a son, Sir Piers Dutton, of Hatton and Dut-
ton, Knt. who departed this Jife, A.D. 1545, 37 Henry VIII.
leaving many sons and daughters. Of the latter, Catherine, the
eldest, was successively wedded, first, to Sir Roger Puleston (or
Pilston), of Emrald (or Emerald), in Flintshire, Knt.; and, se-
condly, to Richard Grosvenor, second son of Richard Grosvenor,.
of Eaton, by Catherine Coton his wife, of whom afterwards.

Emme, second daughter and coheir of Robert le Grosvenor,
had two husbands. First, John Legh, of Booths, in the county
of Chester, Esq. by whom she left an only daughter and heir,
Elizabeth, the wife of Piers Shakerleigh, whose descendants by
her now inherit Hulme, and the fifth part of Allostock, being
the portion that fell to the said Emme, by the deeds of partition
in 1465 and 1474 : and, secondly, Ralph Egerton, Esq. who sur-
vived her; but they were both living in 14go, 5 Henry VII. and
had issue.

Catherine, the third daughter, and coheir to Robert le Gros-
venor, had the lordship of Pulford, in Cheshire, and other lands,
by the said deed of partition, 1465, and a fifth part of Allostock,

250 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

upon the death of her sister Margery, by another deed of parti-
tion, AD. 1474. This Catherine was successively married, first,
to Richard Winnington, of Winnington, in Cheshire, Esq. by
whom she had three sons 5 Richard, Peter, and George j and also
two daughters, Jane, and Elizabeth) who were all living in 1490,
5 Henry VII. j and, secondly, to William Venables, Esq. Ri-
chard, the eldest son of Richard Winnington, and of Catherine
Grosvenor his wife, died in 1504, 19 Henry VII. and by his wife,
Joan Smith (who departed this life in 1509, 24 Henry VII.)
had two daughters^ 1. Catherine, who died without issue, A. D.
1508, 23 Henry VII. as appears by her office taken in 1515, 6
Henry VIII. 5 and, 2. Elizabeth, who wedded Sir Piers Warbur-
ton, of Arley, in Cheshire, Knt. A. D. 1511, 2 Henry VIII.
being then sole heir. The said Sir Piers died in 1550, 4 Edw. VI.
and his wife, Elizabeth, in 1558, 6 Mariae, leaving issue, besides
several daughters, a son, Sir John Warburton, who inherited the
estate of Winnington, and also Pulford, and other lands, the por-
tion of his great-grand-mother, Catherine Grosvenor, all which
continue in the family.

Margaret, fourth daughter and coheir of Robert le Grosvenor,
lord of Hulme, &c. had for her share a moiety of Nether Pever,
with Little Pever, the third part of Over-Alderley, the third part
of Pygrave-wood, in the demesne lands of Allostock, in the
county of Chester, and certain lands in Hope, juxta Aston field,
in the county of Stafford, according to the deed of partiiion made
in 1465. She married Thomas Leicester, of Nether-Tabley, in
Cheshire, Esq. and was living in M69, but died before her hus-
band, by whom she had a son, John Leicester, who, upon the
decease of Margery, his mother's youngest sister, got the fifth part
of Allostock, by deed of partition made in 1474; and from the
said John, the present Sir John Leicester, of Tabley, Bart, is de-
scended.

Anne, or Agnes, the fifth daughter and coheir of Robert le
Grosvenor, had, according to the deed of partition dated 1465,
Buyerton, Newbolde, and other lands in Cheshire, besides a fifth
part of Allostock, the share of her sister, Margery. This Anne,
in 1469, 9 Edward IV. became the second wife of Sir William
Stanley, of Hooton, in Cheshire, Knt. ancestor by ber to the pre-*-
sent Sir Thomas Stanley, of Hooton, aforesaid, Baronet.

Margery, the sixth daughter and coheir of Robert le Grosvenor,
had, by the deed of partition made in 1465, the lands of Allo-
stock j but dying unmarried, her share was divided among her

EARL GROSVENOR. i 251

other sisters, or their issue, according to partition agreed on in
14/4, as before related.

Having thus deduced the descendants of Robert le Grosvenor,
eldest son and heir of Sir Thomas le Grosvenor, Knt. by Joan
Phesant, his wife, we shall give an account of the said Sir Tho-
mas's third son, also Thomas, before we proceed with Raufe, the
second son, continuator of the male line of this ancient family 3
having already taken notice of Randulph, the fourth son.

The said Thomas, third son, married c Isabella, eldest daughter
and coheir of Sir Richard Peshale, of Chetwynd, and Bellaport,
in the county of Salop, Knight, ancestor to the family of Pe-
shall, Baronets, and by her, who had Bellaport for her portion
(the other coheir, Jocosa, carrying Chetwynd to her husband,
William Pigott, from whom the Pigotts of that place descend),
was father of Randolph Grosvenor, of Bellaport, who wedded
Margaret, one of the daughters of Randal Maynwaring, of Car-
righam, and had issue, Randolph, his heir, who, by Anne his
wife, daughter to William Charlton, of Apley, in Shropshire,
Esq. had a son and heir, Thomas Grosvenor, Esq. who espoused
Margery, daughter of John Cotes, of Woodcote, in the said
county of Salop, Esq. and by her was father of William Gros-
venor, of Bellaport, Esq. who married Anne, one of the daugh-
ters and coheirs of William Heywood, of Stoneleigh, in Stafford-
shire, Esq. and by her had a son and heir, William Grosvenor,
of Bellaport, Esq. who wedded Cicely, one of the daughters of
Sir Richard Maynwaring, of Ightfield, in Shropshire, Knt. but
had no issue.

We now return to Raufe le Grosvenor, second son of Sir Tho-
mas le Grosvenor, and continuator of the male line of this noble
family.

The said Raufe (sometimes called Rawline), was twice mar-
ried j first, to Joan, sole daughter and heir of John Eton, of Eton
(now Eaton), near Chester, Esq. by which Joan he had three
sons; viz. Robert Grosvenor, his heirj Richard (by some called
Raufe(; and James, of all whom afterwards; and two daughters;
viz. Jonet, wedded, in 38 Henry VI. to Oliver Hope, son of
John Hope, of whom the Hopes of Broughton descend, and Alice
Grosvenor: and, secondly, to Ellyn, daughter of Jenkin Manley;
but it does not appear that he had issue by her. The said John
Jlton, the father of Joan, the wife of Raufe Grosvenor, was son

c Ex Stem. fam. de Peshall, MS. penes meips.

252 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

of John de Eton, lord of Eton and Stockton, who married Beav
trice, and died in 1415, 3 Henry V. This John was the son of
another John, who wedded Margaret, daughter to Henry de
Weston, Esq. and was son to Richard deEton, who was living in
1346, 20 Edward III. together with Joan his wife, and died A.D.
1381, 5 Richard II. He was the son of Robert de Eton, and
Isabel his wife, who was heir to William de Stockton, lord of
Stockton, and alive, with her husband, in 1311, 5 Edward II.
This Robert de Eton was the son of Richard de Eton, son and
heir of another Richard de Eton, whose father was another Ri-
chard, who was the son of William de Eton, and heir to another
William, who was son and heir to another William de Eton.

Before we proceed with Robert Grosvenor, eldest son and heir
of Raufe le Grosvenor, by his wife, Joan Eton, we shall give an
account of his two younger brothers, Richard, and James.

The said Richard (or Raufe, according to some), second son
of Raufe (or Rawline), le Grosvenor, had a son, Richard, and
several daughters, whereof Alice was the wife of William Good-
man. Richard, the son, was Sheriff of Chester in 14£2j and
wedded Sybil, and by her was father of two sons, whereof one
was also Sheriff of Chester, and of nine daughters, as appeared in
the glass windows in the church of St. Mary on the Hill, in the
city of Chester,, A. D. 1534.

James Grosvenor, third son of Raufe le Grosvenor, and Joan
Eton, wedded Margaret, daughter of Piers Stanley, of Ewlowej
and by her had an only daughter and heir, Margaret, who mar-
ried Richard Old field.

Robert, eldest son and heir to Raufe le Grosvenor, by his wife*
Joan, daughter of John Eton, of Eton, married, in S Henry IV.
Catherine, daughter of Sir William Norris, of Speake, in the
county of Lancaster, Knt. and departing this life in 12 Hen. VII.
left two sons j 1. Thomas, his heir; and, 2. Richard, who con-
tinued the line j and likewise two daughters j Catherine, and
Jane. Catherine, the eldest, had two husbands; first, Thomas
Hough, of Leighton, Esq.; and, secondly, Sir William Venables,
Knt. Baron of Kinderton. By the first she was mother of an
only son and heir, John Hongb, who wedded Christian, daugh-
ter of Sir George Calveley, Knt. and by her had a son, William
Hough, Esq. who married Jane, daughter to Thomas, Lord Crom-
well, and by her was father of an only daughter and heir, Alice,
espoused to William Whitmore, of Leighton, by whom she had
issue. By her second husband, she had a son, Anthony Venahles,

EARL GROSVENOR. 253

Esq. and a daughter, Anne, who was the wife of Richard Leigh,
of High-Leigh, Esq. The before-mentioned Jane, the youngest
daughter, was married to Raufe, son and heir of Nicholas Leigh,
of High- Leigh, Esq. and in 3 Edward III. had issue, two daugh-
ters, coheirs 9 1. Catherine, who wedded Done, of

Flaxyards, Esq. and had issue; and, 2. Jane, who was mar-
ried to Randolph Spurstowe, of Spurstowe, Esq. and also had
issue.

Thomas, eldest son and heir of the aforesaid Robert Grosvenor,
wedded, in 10 Henry VII. Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Hugh Cal-
veley, of the Lea, in Cheshire, Knt. but died, in 27 Henry VII.
without issue. Thereupon,

Richard, the second son of the said Robert Grosvenor, suc-
ceeded to the estate; and in 1 Henry VIII. married Catherine,
third daughter, and one of the coheirs of Richard Coton, of Rud-
ware-Hampstall, in Staffordshire, Esq. from a younger son of
whose family descended the late Sir John Cotton, of Connington,
in Huntingdonshire, and of Stretton, in Bedfordshire, Bart, who
died on March 27th, 1752. The other coheirs of the said Richard
Coton, were, Maud, the eldest daughter; Eleanor, the second;
and Isabel, the fourth. Maud was wedded to Sir Anthony Fitz-
Herbert, or Norbury, Justice of the King's-Bench in 14 Henry
VIII. Eleanor was married to Sir William Venables ; and Isabel,
to Sir Thomas Bradburne, of Derbyshire, Knt.

The said Richard Coton, father of those four Ladies, was heir
toTurcaston, Tayme, and Mapplewell, in the county of Leicester;
to Coilston and Rosington, in Derbyshire; Rudware-Hampstall,
Poeswood, and Asbfield, in the county of Stafford; Coton, and
Oscroft, in the county of Chester; his grandfather, Richard Co-
ton, of Rudware-Hampstall, having, in 31 Henry VI. married
Joan, one of the daughters of Richard Venables, Esq. Baron of
Kinderton, by Elizabeth his wife, daughter, and one of the heirs
of Hugh Venables, Baron of Kinderton, who was slain at the
battle of Bloreheath, in Staffordshire, on September 23d, 1459,
38 Henry VI. where the Cheshiremen were very great sufferers,
having wore that day little silver sivans, which King Henry's
consort had ordered to be distributed among the gentlemen of
that county, as the badge of the Prince of Wales, her son. The
said Hugh Venables, Baron of Kinderton, was descended from
Sir Hugh Venables, Knt. Baron of Kinderton, who, in the reign
of Edward I. married Agatha, daughter and heir to old Sir Raufe
Vernon, Knt. And John Coton, father of the said Richard Co-

254 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

ton, living in 12 Henry VI. married Elizabeth, daughter and heir
to Sir William Faukoner, of Thurcaston, Knt. son of Sir John le
Faukoner, Knt. who was alive in 22 Richard II. and was son to
William le Faukoner, who was living in 30 Edward III. and was
son to Thomas le Faukoner, who was alive in 14 Edward I. and
was son to William le Faukoner, the son of Sir John le Faukoner,
Knt. who married Margery, daughter and heir to Geoffry, lord
of Thurcaston, son to Geoffry, son of Philip, lord of Thurcaston,
who was son to Robert le Faukoner, de Thurcaston, son of Wil-
liam le Faukoner, de Thurcaston, who wedded Margery de St.
Par : and the said William was son of Raufe le Faukoner, son of
Scanard le Fauconer, son of Henry le Fauconer, de Thurcaston,
in the county of Leicester, in the reign of King William I. com-
monly styled the Conqueror. And Edmund Coton, father of the
aforesaid John, was lord of Rudware-Hampstall, 45 Edward III.
in right of his wife, who was Johan, daughter and heir of Walter
de Rudware-Hampstall, by Joan his wife, daughter and heir of
Walter Wallsheofe, and Julian his wife, daughter and heir of
John Bassinge. The said Walter de Rudware was grandson of
Walter de Rudware, son of Walter de Rudware, by Matilda his
wife, daughter of Nicholas Peeke, by Hawise his wife, daughter
of Reginald I. Count of Burgundy, by Alisa, or Adelisa his wife,
daughter to Richard II. Duke of Normandy, grandfather to Wil-
liam the Conqueror.

Such were the illustrious ancestors and kindred of Catherine
Coton, the wife of Richard Grosvenor, second son of Robert Gros-
venor, and ancestor to the present Earl Grosvenor.

The said Richard Grosvenor (who departed this life on July
27th, 1542), had, by the said Catherine his wife, five sons. 1. Sir
Thomas Grosvenor, Knt. his heir. 2. Richard Grosvenor, who
was Sheriff of the county of Flint, 6 Edward VI. and by Eliza-
beth his wife, daughter to Piers Dutton, of Hatton, and relict of
Sir Roger Puleston, of Emerald, in Flintshire, had issue. 3. John
Grosvenor, who married, but left no issue; his son, Thomas,
dying before him. 4. Anthony Grosvenor, who wedded Uriel,
daughter to Sir Roger Puleston, of the Temple, Knt. and by her
was father of three daughters; viz. Elizabeth, Amy, and Frances,
who all died unmarried, except Amy, who was wife to Edward
Bowlett, of Moreton, Esq. And, 5. George Grosvenor, who died
young.

Richard Grosvenor, aforesaid, was also, by the same Catherine,
father of eleven daughters;. 1. Elizabeth. 2. Eleanor. 3. Cathe-

EARL GROSVENOR. 255

rine. 4. Anne. 5. Alice. 6. Margaret. 7- Maud. 8. Jane.
9. Dorothy. 10. Mary. And, 11. Ursula,

Elizabeth, the eldest, was lady of the nuns in Chester, A. D.
1532.

Eleanor, the second daughter, wedded Thomas Reddish, lord
of Gropenhall, Dodelstone, &c. in Cheshire, Esq.

Catherine, the third daughter, was wife to Thomas Ravens-
croft, of Bretton, in Flintshire, Esq. son and heir of George.

Anne, fourth daughter, married Roger Puleston, of Emerald, in
the county of Flint, Esq.

Alice, fifth daughter, was a nun at Chester, and was alive in
1559.

Margaret^ sixth daughter, married three husbands j first, Raufe
Birkenhead, of Trowton, in Cheshire, Esq.; secondly, George
Wood, of Battersey, Justice of Chester, Esq.; and, thirdly, John
Molineux, of the Wood, in the county of Lancaster, Esq.

Maud, seventh daughter, was wife to Humphrey Ridgeley, of
Ridgeley, in the county of Stafford, Esq.

Jane, eighth daughter, was successively wedded to George
Sandford, of Sandford, in Shropshire, Esq. and Sir William Hollis,
Knt.

Dorothy, ninth daughter, had also two husbands; first, Richard
Wilbraham, of Woodhey, Esq. son and heir to William Wilbra-
ham, of Woodhey, Esq. by whom she had issue; and, secondly,
Henry Savile, of Barteley, in the county of York, Esq. .

Mary, tenth daughter, married Thomas Leigh, of Adlington,
in the county of Chester, Esq. and after his death, took another
husband.

Ursula, the eleventh and youngest daughter of Richard Gros-
venor, died unmarried.

Sir Thomas Grosvenor, Knt. eldest son and heir of the said
Richard Grosvenor, and Catherine Coton his wife, married, in
the 20th of King Henry VIII. Maud, daughter of Sir William
Pole, of Poole, in the county of Chester, Knt. ancestor to the
knightly family seated there, and at the Friery, in Lewes, in the
county of Sussex. By that Lady (who, secondly, wedded, in 4
Edward VI. Robert Fletcher, of Ince, in the county of Chester,
Esq. and died A. D. 1582), Sir Thomas was father of two sons;
1. Thomas Grosvenor, his heir. And, 2. Richard, who died a
bachelor: and likewise of three daughters j 1. Elizabeth, mar-
ried to Richard Masterson, of Namptwich, in the county of Ches-
ter, Esq. 2. Catharine, who, first, wedded Richard Hunt, Esq.;

256 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

and, secondly, Richard Shawcross, Esq. And, 3. Grace, who
married John Massie, of Codington, Esq. (ancestor to the pre-
sent Hugh Massey, Baron Massey of Duntryleague, in the king-
dom of Ireland), but left no progeny. Sir Thomas departed this
life on April 24th, 154g, aged thirty-six years ; and was suc-
ceeded in his lands of Eaton, &c. by his eldest son.

Thomas Grosvenor, Esq. who married Anne, daughter of Ro-
ger Bradshaigh, of the Haigh, in the county of Lancaster, Esq.
by Jane his wife, daughter to Ralph Standish, of Standish, in the
said county, Esq. This Thomas died, A. D. 15/9, and by his
said wife (who was, secondly, wedded to William RadclifFe, Esq.
and was living in 36 Eliz.) had two sons; 1. Richard Grosvenor,
Esq. his heir. And, 2. Thomas, who never married: and also
four daughters ; 1. Maud, who died unmarried. 2. Mary, who
was born in 1564, and wedded George Salusbury, of Bestock,
Esq. second son of Sir John Salusbury, of Llewenny, in Denbigh-
shire. 3. Anne, married to Roger Hurlestone, Esq. son and heir
of Roger Hurlestone, of Chester, Esq. And, 4. Julian, who was
born in 1568, and was wife to Francis Broughton, Esq.

Richard Grosvenor, Esq. aforesaid, the eldest son, succeeded
his father, Thomas, at Eaton, &c. and was Sheriff of Chester,
A. D. 1602. He was twice married, first, to Christian daughter
to Sir Richard Brooke, of Norton, in the county of Chester, Knt.
and, secondly, in 1614, 12 Jac. I. to Jane Bostock, of Morton-
Say, in Shropshire, relict of John Bostock, of Morton-Say afore-
said, Esq. By this Jane (whom he left a widow, at his death, on
September 18lh, 1619, being then in the fifty-sixth year of his
age), he had no issue: but by his first Lady (who departed this
life in 1609), he was father of three sons; 1. Thomas, who died
young. 2. Richard, who succeeded to the estate, and was created
a Baronet. And, 3. Another Thomas, who died unmarried. By
the same Lady, he had also fourteen daughters; 1. Anne, who
was born in 1582, and married to John Massie, Esq. son and
heir of John Massie, of Codington, Esq. 2. Mary, who died un-
married. 3. Christian, who, in 1601, married Peter Danyell, of
Tabley, Esq. who was one of the Knights for the county of Ches-
ter in parliament, A.D. 1625, and diecl on April 18th, 1652,
aged sixty-eight years (she departed this life in 1663, aged
seventy-six). 4. Frances, who died young. 5. Dorothy, who
departed this life unmarried. 6. Another Frances, who was born
in 15gl, and married Samuel Bisphan, of Billinge, in the county
of Lancaster, Doctor of Physic. 7. Catherine, who was born in

EARL GROSVENOR. 257

1592, and, in 1618, wedded Thomas Glynne, of Glynnellivon, in
the county of Caernarvon, Esq. 8. Another Dorothy. 9. Elea-
nor. 10. Elizabeth. 11. Jane; who all four died young. 12.
Another Eleanor, who was born in 1601, and was wife to Arthur
Chambers, of Pitton, in the county of Salop, Esq. 13. Margaret,
who was born in 1603, and, first, wedded Henry Brereton, Esq.
and secondly, Hugh Wilbraham, Esq. And, 14. Maudlin, who
died unmarried.

Richard Grosvenor, second son, aforesaid, who, by his elder
brother's death, became heir to his father, was knighted in If
Jac. I. and created a Baronet on February 23d, 1621-2. He
served the office of Sheriff for the county of Chester, in 22 Jac. I.
and for the county of Denbigh in the year following. He was
Mayor of the city of Chester, and one of the Knights of tbe shire
for the county, in the first parliament called by King Charles I.
viz. A. D. 1625. This Sir Richard Grosvenor, Bart, had three
wives; first, Lettice, second daughter to Sir Hugh Cholmondeley,
junior, of Cholmondeley, in Cheshire, Knt. by Mary his wife,
daughter and sole heir to Christopher Holford, of Holford, Esq.
and by her had Sir Richard Grosvenor, Bart, his heir; and also
three daughters; Christian, who, in 1(521, married Sir Francis
Gamul, of the city of Chester, Knt.; Mary, who died unmarried,
in 1642; and Grace, who, in 1638, also died unmarried. Second-
ly, Elizabeth (whom he wedded in 161 4), daughter of Sir Thomas
Wilbraham, of Woodhey, Knt. and by her (who departed this
life, A. D. 1621), was father of a son, Thomas, who died young.
And, thirdly, Elizabeth, one. of the daughters of Sir Peter War-
burton, of Grafton, Knt. (one of his Majesty's Justices of the
Court of Common-pleas), and relict of Thomas Stanley, of Al-
derley, Esq. but by her, who departed this life in 1629, had no
issue. Sir Richard survived her until 1645, being then sixty-one
years of age; and was succeeded by his eldest son,

Sir Richard Grosvenor (second Baronet), who was Sheriff [of
Cheshire, for the King, in 1644, at which time he raised the posse
comitates, to oppose the parliament army, commanded by Ferdi-
nand, Lord Fairfax; and continued stedfast in his loyalty to his
Sovereign during the whole time of that unnatural war; whereby
he suffered very great hardships, having his estate sequestered.
He was turned out of his habitation, at Eaton, to seek for shel-
ter; and afterwards lived in a small house belonging to a neigh-
bouring gentleman, for many years, till the happy restoration of
King Char. II. This Sir Richard married, in 1628, Sidney, daugh-

vol. v. s

258 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

ter of Sir Roger Mostyn, of Mostyn, in Flintshire, Knt. by Mary
his wife, daughter of Sir John Wynne, of Gwyder, in the county
of Caernarvon, Knt. and Bart, and by her was father of five sons ;
1. Roger Grosvenor, Esq. of whom afterwards. 2. Thomas, who
departed this life unmarried, A.D. 1674, aged forty-four. 3. Ro-
bert, who lived to man's estate, but never married. 4. Hugh,
who. died a bachelor, in 1698, at sixty-one years of age. And,
5. John, who departed this life unmarried, aged fifty-five years.
Sir Richard, by the same Lady, had likewise four daughters j viz.
Lettice, Catherine, Mary, and Sidney, who all died unmarried,
except Sidney, who had two husbands : the first was Thomas
Hesketh, of Ruiford, in the county of Lancaster, Esq,} and the
second was Colonel Spencer, son of the Hon. William Spencer,
third son of William Lord Spencer: but by this last she had no
issue. By the said Thomas Hesketh, she was mother of two
sons j 1. Robert Hesketh, Esq. who married Elizabeth, sister of
the before-mentioned Colonel Spencer, and by her left an only
daughter and heir, Elizabeth, who married Sir Edward Stanley,
Bart, afterwards fifth Earl of Derby. And, 2. Thomas Hesketh,
Esq. who wedded a sister of Sir Reginald Graham, of Norton
Conyers, Bart, and by her was father of a son and heir, Thomas,
who married Martha, daughter of James St. Amand, Esq. and
left two sons. The said Sidney had also, by her first husband, a
daughter, Jane Hesketh, who was wife to Henry Brooke, Esq.
second son of Sir Richard Brooke, of Norton, in Cheshire, Bart,
but had no issue, and after his death retired to Ormskirk, in
Lancashire.

Roger Grosvenor, Esq. eldest son to Sir Richard Grosvenor,
second Bart, had likewise his estate sequestered at the same time
that his father's was, and persevered firm in his loyalty to the
royal cause. In 165Q, when the loyalists intended a general insur-
rection in favour of their exiled Sovereign, King Charles II. (in the
success of which they were in a great measure defeated by the
treachery of Sir Richard Willis), this Roger Grosvenor, Esq. was
ready and prepared in Wales, together with Sir Thomas Myddle-
ton, of Chirk-castle, in Denbighshire, Knt. his father-in-law,
and his wife's brother-in-law, Edward, third Lord Herbert, of
Chirbury, and Sir Richard Wynne, of Gwyder, waiting his Ma-
jesty's orders. In consideration of his eminent affection to the
true constitution, he was one of tfie thirteen Gentlemen of Che-
shire, nominated to be Knights of The Royal Oak, in 1660, when
King Charles II. proposed the institution of that order, as arj

EARL GROSVENOR. 259

honorary reward to several of his friends. The badge was to
have been a silver medal, with a device of the King in the oak,
pendant to a ribbon about their necks, as the Knights of the Gar-
ter then wore theirs: but it was thought proper to lay the design
aside, lest it should revive the heats and animosities, which had
formerly distracted the kingdom. This Roger's estate, though
his father was alive, was then 30001. a year. He married, in
1654, Christian, daughter to Sir Thomas Myddleton, aforesaid;
and by her was father of two daughters; 1. Sidney, who was
born in 165Q, and married. Nicholas Bagnall, of the Isle of An-
glesey, Esq. and, 2. Anne, who lived but a few years; and also
of four sons; 1. Sir Thomas Grosvenor, the third Baronet. 2. Ro-
bert, who died young. 3, John, of whom afterwards And,
4. Rosier, who also died under age. The said John, third son,
was Sheriff of the county of Merioneth; and was twice married;
first, to Anne, daughter and heir of Godfrey Prodrick, of Llane-
don, Esq. and relict of Pierce Lloyd, of Llugway, Esq.; and,
secondly, to Anne, daughter and coheir of Sir Richard Lloyd, of
Esles, in Denbighshire, Knt. and widow of Edward Ravenscroft,
of Bretton, in the county of Flint, Esq. but departed this life,
A.D. 1691, in the thirty-first year of his age, without issue by
either of his wives.

Roger Grosvenor, Esq. aforesaid, eldest son and heir apparent
to Sir Richard Grosvenor, second Bart, lost his life in a duel, A.D.
ir36l, in the thirty-third year of his age: and the said Sir Richard
departing this life on January 31st, \664, aged about sixty-five,
was buried at Eccleston, in Cheshire, and his title and estate de-
volved upon his before-mentioned grandson.

Sir Thomas Grosvenor, third Baronet, who was one of the re-
presentatives in parliament for the city of Chester, in the reigns
of Charles II. James II. and William III. and was Mayor of
that city, A.D. 1685. By commission dated June 22d, that year,
he had the honour of the command of a troop in the Earl of
Shrewsbury's regiment of horse, with which he was at the camp
on Hounslow-heath ; and when the bill was brought into the
House for repealing the penal laws and Test acts, he was closeted
by the King, and offered the regiment, and a peerage, for his
assent, which he refused, preferring the religion and liberty of
his country to all honours and power, so likely at that time to be
attended with Popery and slavery. He thereupon quitted his
commission, and, going to the House, gave his negative to the
bill. He was Sheriff of the county of Chester, 4 Jac. II. and \

260 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

Will, and Mary; and died in Jane, 1700, in the forty-fonrth year
of his age.

This Sir Thomas Grosvenor, in 1(5/6, wedded Mary,d sole
daughter and heir of Alexander Davies, of Ebury, in the county
of Middlesex, Esq. and by her (who departed this life on January
12th, 1729-30, aged sixty-five years), had five sons.

1. Thomas, who died young.

2. Sir Richard, the fourth Baronet.

3. Sir Thomas, the fifth Baronet.

4. Sir Robert,- the sixth Baronet. And,

5. Roger, who died in his infancy.

By the same Lady, he was likewise father of three daughters;
1. Elizabeth. 2. Mary, who both died young. And, 3. 'Anne,
who was a posthumous child, being born on July 29th, 1700, and
on May 26th, 1 730, married the Honourable William Leveson
Gower, brother to John, late Earl Gower. She departed this life
on December 31st, 1731.

Sir Richard Grosvenor, fourth Baronet, second, but eldest
surviving son of Sir Thomas Grosvenor, third Baronet, was chosen
one of the members for the city of Chester, to the first parliament
Of George I. and was returned at the two ensuing elections for
the same city, of which he was* also Mayor in the year 1715. At
the coronation of King George II. he acted as Grand Cup-bearer
of England, by presenting the first cup of wine to his Majesty, to
drink out of, after he was crowned; and had the cup as his fee.
He performed that service, as being lord of the manor of Wymon-
deley, in the county of Hertford ; that manor being held of the
Crown by the tenure of grand serjeantry.

This Sir Richard Grosvenor was twice married: first, in 17O8,
to Jane, daughter of Sir Edward Wyndham, of Orchard-Wynd-
ham, in the county of Somerset, Bart, (grandfather to Charles
Wyndham, first Earl of Egremont, of his family), and by her
Ladyship, who died on February 6th, 1719, had a daughter, Ca-
therine, who lived but a few years.

And, secondly, in Easter, 1724, to Diana, the only daughter of
Sir George Warburton, of Arley, in Cheshire, Bart, but by that
Lady, who departed this life on February 18th, 1729-30, had no
issue: and only surviving her till July 12th, 1732, when he died
m the torty-fourth year of his age, without marrying again, was

* All the vast property about London was brought into the Groivenor family
by this match. Ptnntnfs London, p. 61.

EARL GROSVENOR. 26l

buried at Eccleston, and was succeeded in dignity and estate by
his next brother,

Sir Thomas Grosvenor, the fifth Baronet, who was at that time
his colleague as member of parliament for Chester, and also an
Alderman of that city. This Sir Thomas died of a consumption,
at Naples, unmarried, on January 31st, 1732-3, in the fortieth
year of his age; and was succeeded in honour and estate by his
only surviving brother,

Sir Robert Grosvenor, sixth Rart. who was also his colleague
as representative in parliament for Chester, having been chosen in
the room of his brother, Sir Richard. Sir Robert was likewise
returned for the same city (of which he was Mayor in 1/37), to
the next parliament summoned in 1734, as also to those convened
in 1741, 1747j and 1754; and, like his worthy predecessors, was
always numbered among the friends of his country, both in public
and private life.

In May, 1730, he married Jane, the only surviving child and
heir of Thomas Warre, of Swell court (or Swill-court), and of
Shepton-Beauchamp, in Somersetshire, and of Sand-hall, in the
county of Southampton, Esq. and by her Ladyship, who died,
in May, 1791> had two sons.

1, Richard, his heir, first Earl Grosvenor. And, i

2. Thomas Grosvenor, of Swell-court aforesaid, Esq. who was
member in several parliaments for the city of Chester; and died
February 12th, 1795, having, on September 21st, 17^8, wedded
Deborah, daughter, and one of the coheirs of Stephen Skynner,
of Walthamstow, in the county of Essex, Esq. and had by her
(who died e 10th April, 1771) agea" thirty- three, four sons; 1. Ri-
chard, born October 5th, 1762: married Miss Drax, sole heiress

of Drax, Esq. and took the name of Drax. 2. Stephen,

born December 8th, 1763, died young. 3. Thomas, born May
30th, 1764, a Lieutenant-general in the army, and Colonel of the
ninety- seventh regiment of infantry; married, April 6th, 1797^
Miss Heathcote, sister to Sir Gilbert Heathcote, Bart. 4. Robert,
born June 7th, 1767: likewise two daughters; Maria-Deborah,
born August 30th, 17615 and Emma, born September 26th, 1765,
who died 1793.

Sir Robert Grosvenor, by Jane his wife, aforesaid, was also fa-
ther of four daughters; 1. Mary, who f died 2d February, 1/74,
aged thirty-eight years, unmarried. 2. Elizabeth. 3. Jane, who
died in March,, 1 737-8. And, 4. Dorothy, who was married, on

c Coffin-plate, f Coffin-plate.

202 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

February 6th, 1766, toAsheton Curzon, Esq. now Viscount Cur*
zon, and died February 25th, 1774.

The said Sir Robert Grosvenor, sixth Baronet, departed this life
on August 1st, 1755, and was succeeded by his eldest son,

Sir Richard Grosvenor, seventh Baronet, first Earl Gros-
venor, who was created Lord Grosvenor, Baron Grosvenor, of
Eaton, in the county palatine of Chester, by letters patent dated
April 8th, 1761, 1 George 111.

His Lordship, who was the twentieth in paternal descent from
Gilbert le Grosvenor, who came to England, A. D. 1066, with
his uncle, Hugh Lupus, Earl of Avranches and Chester, nephew
to King William the Conqueror, was, at the general election, in
1754, returned to the eleventh parliament of Great Britain one of
the representatives for the city of Chester, of which he was Mayor,
A. D. 17593 and at his Majesty's coronation, on September 22d,
1761, officiated as Great Cup-bearer of England, as his uncle, Sir
Richard, had at that of George II.

His Lordship was also for some time Lieutenant-colonel of the
Cheshire militia; and likewise Doctor of Laws, being so created
by the university of Oxford in full convocation.

His Lordship, on July 19th, 1764, married Henrietta, daugh-
ter of Henry Vernon, of Hilton, in the county of Stafford, Esq.
by his wife, Lady Henrietta, daughter to Thomas Wentworth,
Earl of Strafford, and sister to William, Earl of Strafford j and by
her Ladyship had issue,

1. Richard, who was born on June 6th, 1765, and died on May
7th, 1766.

2. Robert, now Earl Grosvenor, born March 22d, 1767.

3. Thomas, born May 13th, and died 10th June 1768. And,

4. Richard, born 7th June, 1769, and died l6th June, 1770.S
His Lordship was advanced to the dignities of discount Belgrave

and Earl Grosvenor, July 5th, 1784, and died August 5th,
1802.

His Countess remarried in September, 1 802, General George
Porter, M. P. for Stockbridge.

His only surviving son, Robert, succeeded him as second
Earl Grosvenor. During his father's life his Lordship sat some
years in the House of Commons, and was an occasional speaker.
In 1789 he was appointed a Lord of the Admiralty, which he held
till June 1791.

6 Coffin-plate.

EARL GROSVENOR. . 263

His Lordship married, April 28th, 1 794, Eleanor Egerton, only-
daughter of Thomas, Earl of Wilton, by whom he has issue,

Richard, Viscount Belgrave, born January 27th, 1795.

Thomas, born December 30th, 1799* on whom the Earldom of
Wilton is entailed.

Robert, born April 24th, 1801.

And Mary, born February 19th, 1802.

Titles. Robert Grosvenor, Earl Grosvenor, Viscount Belgrave,
and Baron Grosvenor, and Baronet.

Creations. Baronet, February 23d, 1621-2, 19 Jac. 1. 5 and
Lord Grosvenor, Baron Grosvenor, of Eaton, in the county pala- .
tine of Chester, April 8th, 1761, 1 George III. Viscount Belgrave,
and Earl Grosvenor, July 5th, 1784.

Arms. Azure, a Garb, Or.h

Crest. On a wreath, a talbot, statant, Or.

Supporters. On either side, a talbot, reguardant, Orj each
plain collared, Azure.

MottO. NOBILITATIS, VIRTUS, NON STEMMA CHARACTER.

Chief Seats. Eaton-Hall, in Cheshire, which he has lately re-
built) and Halkin-Hall, in Flintshire.

h With the above coat of arms his Lordship is intitled to quarter the armorial
bearings of sixteen other families, being descended from them by heiresses, i. Of
Mobberley, Argent, two chevrons, Gules, with a cros-croslet, fitche, Or, in a
canton, Gules. 2. Of Dowries, Sable, a stag, lodged, Argent, attired and un-
guled, Or. 3. Of Pul/ord, Sable, a cross patonce, Argent. 4. Of Phesant, three
pheasants, close, Or. 5. Of Eton, Sable and Argent, quarterwise, a cross pa-
tonce, Sable and Argent. 6. Of Stockton, Vert, three stocks or stumps of trees,
couped, and eradicated, Argent. 7. Of Cototi, Argent, bend, Sable, between three
ogresses, or pellets, Sable. 8. Of Rudware, Azure, an eagle, displayed, Argent,
armed, Gules. 9. Of Wahhcof, Gules, three swords, in pale, points upwards,
Argent, the pomels and hilts, Or, 10. Of Bating, Or, five eaglets, displayed,
Sable, armed, Ruby, with a canton, Ermine. 11. Of Fauhner, or Falconer, Ar-
gent, three falcons, close, Gules. 12. OfTkurcaston, Sable, three owls, Or. 13.
Of Venablet, Azure, two bars, Argent. 14. Of Vernon, Or, barry, Azure. t$*
Of Davie t, Or, a cheveron, between three mullets, Sable. And, 16. Of Warre,
Gules, a lion rampant, semec of cross-croslets, fitche, Argent.

264 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

PRATT EARL CAMDEN.

Of the name of Pratt there have been families of consideration
from a early times, in different parts f England, as also in Ire-
land; some of them of Knightly degree, and those of Berkshire,
were Baronets.

The family we are now treating of were, as soon at least as the
middle of Queen Elizabeth's reign, settled at Careswell priory,
near Collumpton, in Devonshire, which house and estate were
sold by Richard Pratt (who, according to tradition, was ruined
in the Civil Wars), to the ancestor of the present Mr. Sydenham,
whose seat it now is.

Which Richard was the grandfather of the late Lord Chief
Justice Sir John Pratt, who, in his youth, was a Student at the
University of Oxford, and afterwards Fellow of Wadham College
there, and applying himself to the study of the laws, was called
to the Bar, about the end of King's Charles IPs reign : on Octo-
p ber 1st, 1700, he was called to the degree of Serjeant at Law.
He represented the borough of Midhurst, in the county of Sussex,
in the third and fourth parliaments of Great Britain, but vacated
his seat on his appointment to be one of the Justices of the Court
of King's Bench, on October 26th, 1714.

On April 15th, 1718, he, with Mr. Justice Tracy, and Sir
James Montague, were appointed Commissioners for the Custody
of the Great Seal, on the resignation of the Lord Chancellor
Cowper, and on the nineteenth of the. succeeding month, he was
constituted Lord Chief Justice of the Court of King's Bench, in

» A family of this name were possessed of the manor of Knaresdale, in the
county of Northumberland, in the times of Henry HI. and Edward I. See the
account of the family of Swynburn, in Wofton's English Baronetage.

EARL CAMDEN. 265

the room of Lord Parker (afterwards Earl of Macclesfield), who
was promoted to the office of Lord High Chancellor of England.
He was sworn of the Privy-council, October 9th, 17 18.

He first married Elizabeth, daughter and coheir of the Rev.
Henry Gregory, Rector of Middleton Stoney, in the county of
Oxford, third son of Francis Gregory, of Hordley, in the same
county, Esq. and, after her decease, he married Elizabeth, daugh-
ter of the Rev. Hugh Wilson, Rector of Llandinam, Vicar of
Trefegwlys, and Canon of Bangor (who was a younger son of
John Wilson, of Fynant, in the parish of Trefegwlys, in Mont-
gomeryshire, Esq. and of his wife, daughter of Lewis Price, of
Perthoyrin, in Montgomeryshire, Esq.) which last Lady died July
20th, 1728.

By the former he had issue four daughters.

1. Elizabeth, who died unmarried.

2. Grace, parried to Sir John Fortescue, Knt. one of the Judges
of the Court of Common fcleas, afterwards created Lord For-
tescue, in the kingdom of Ireland.

3. Ann, married Edward Gee, Esq. of the Six Clerks Office,
who died in 17.61. She died October 26th, 1797.

4. Jane, married Thomas Taylor, Esq. Major of the first regi-
ment of Horse Guards, son and heir of Thomas Taylor, of Popes,
in Hertfordshire, Esq.

Also five sons,-

1. Francis Pratt, ""j

2. Pratt, >died young.

3. Pratt, J

A. John Pratt, of Wilderness, in Kent, Esq. who succeeded to
that estate upon the death of his father, February 24th, 1724. He
represented the port of Sandwich, in Kent, in the ninth parlia-
ment of Great Britain; and died in the year 17/0, having mar-
ried, first, Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Geoffrey Jeffreys, of Breck-
nock Priory, in the county of Brecknock, Knt. by whom he had
issue a daughter, Elizabeth, who died May 28th, 1807, and a
son, John Pratt, of Bayham Abbey, in the county of Sussex, Esq,,
who married Sarah, daughter and co-heir of Sir Joseph Eyles, of
Luxborough, in the county of Essex. He died April 27th, 1797,
and left his fortune to the present Earl. The father, after the
death of his first Lady, married, secondly, April 10th, 1725, Do-
rothy, daughter of Robert Tracy, of Coscomb, in Gloucestershir
(younger son of Robert, Viscount Tracy, in Ireland), one of the
Judges of the Court of Common Pleas; and by her, who died m

265 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

childbed, 23d March, 1726, had issue one son, Robert Pratt,
seated at Coscomb aforesaid $ appointed one of the Masters in the
High Court of Chancery in 1767, returned Member of Parlia-
ment for the borough of Horsham, in Sussex, in 1768, and died
in July, 1775, without issue by his wife, Mary, sister of John
Richardson, Esq. of Somerset, in the county of Deny, in
Ireland.

5. Edward Pratt, formerly in the service of the East India
Company, died without issue.

Sir John Pratt had issue, by his second Lady, Elizabeth Wil-
son, four daughters :

1. Caroline, married to Herbert, Baron de Munster, in West-
phalia, Knight of the Teutonic Order, and Lieutenant-colonel in
the Royal American regiment during the last war. She died Sep •
tember 23d, 1805.

2. Jane, who lived to a great age, having married, December
1738, to Nicholas Hardinge, of Canbury, near Kingston, in Sur-
rey, Esq. grandson of Sir Robert Hardinge, of King's Newton, in
the county of Derby, Knt. Secretary of the Treasury in the last
reign: a man eminent as a scholar and a poetj and father of the
present George Hardinge, Esq. one of the Welsh Judges) of Sir
Richard Hardinge, Bart, and of the Rev. Mr. Hardinge, whose
son, Captain Hardinge of the Navy, has immortalized the name,
by falling in the arms of victory in one of the most gallant actions
fought during the war.b

3. Anna- Maria, married to the Right Honourable Thomas
Barret-Lennard, Lord Dacre. She died August 11th, 1806.

4. Frances, who died unmarried.
Also four sons 5

1. Thomas Pratt, appointed in October, 17^5, one of the
Clerks of the Treasury, and Keeper of the Papers and Records of
the Treasury, and was one of the Three Chief Clerks of the Trea-
sury. He died March 19th, 1805, without issue.

2. William Pratt, who was an officer in the service of the South
Sea Company, but was cast away at sea.

3. Charles Pratt, the first Earl Camden.

4. Robert Pratt, who was Captain in the Earl of Albemarle's
regiment of horse, and died in Germany, unmarried.

The third son,

Charles Pratt, first Earl Camden, after a learned edu-

* Sec N*ral Chronicle.

EARL CAMDEN. 267

cation, applied himself to the study of the law, and with such
success, that he became one of the most eminent and successful
pleaders at the bar. He represented the borough of Downton, in
Wiltshire, in parliament, being chosen after the general election
in 1754, upon a vacancy for that place. In 1759, he was chosen
Recorder of Bath, and the same year was made his Majesty's
Attorney-General. In December, l/6l, he was constituted Chief-
Justice of the Court of Common-pleas, and received the honour
of knighthood; and in 1762, was called to the degree of Serjeant
at Law.

His Lordship presided in that court with a dignity, weight,
and impartiality, never exceeded by any of his predecessors ; and
when John Wilkes, Esq. was seized and committed to the Tower,
upon an illegal general warrant, his Lordship, with the integrity
of a British magistrate, and the becoming fortitude of an English-
man, granted him an Habeas Corpus} and he being brought be-
fore the Court of Common-pleas, discharged him from his con-
finement in the Tower, on May 6th, 1763, after stating the case,
in a speech, which did him great honour. His wise and spirited
behaviour upon this remarkable occasion, so interesting to every
true-born Briton, and in the consequent judicial proceedings, be-
tween the printers of the North-Briton, and the messengers, and
others, was so acceptable to the nation, that the Lord Mayor,
Aldermen, and Common-council of the city of London, presented
him. with the freedom of their corporation in a gold box, and
desired him to sit for his picture, which was put up in the Guild-
hall, with the following inscription at the botton of the frame :

Hanc Iconem Caroli Pratt, Eq. summi judicis C.B. in
honor em tanti viri Ariglicce libertatis lege assertoris Jidi.
S. P. Q. L. In curia municipali poni jusserunt nono. kal.
Mart. A.D. 1764. Gulielmo Bridgen, ArmPrte. Urb.

The Guild of Merchants of the city of Dublin, voted him the
freedom of their Guild, in a gold box; the Corporation of Barber-
Surgeons of that city voted him his freedom thereof; and the
Sheriffs and Commons of Dublin presented him their thanks
" for the distinguished zeal and loyalty which he has shewn in
asserting and maintaining the rights and liberties of the subject,
in the high station which he now fills, with remarkable dignity j
and for his particular services to this kingdom, in the office oJt
Attorney General."

268 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

At a chamber held in the city of Exeter, on February 2/th,
1764, it was resolved by the Mayor, Aldermen, and Common-
Council, " That the Right Hon. Sir Charles Pratt, Lord Chief-
Justice of his Majesty's Court of Common-Pleas, be presented
with the freedom of this city 5 and that he be most respectfully
requested to accept thereof, as an expression of our profound ve-
neration for his consummate abilities, and as a testimony of that
gratitude which he has merited at the hands of every Englishman,
by tjhe unshaken courage and inflexible integrity, which he hath
so signally displayed in the public administration of justice, and
in maintaining and vindicating the private liberty and property of
the subject, which make so essential a part of the legal and con-
stitutional rights of this free people.

Ordered, That the admission to the said freedom be presented
to his Lordship in a gold box. f

Ordered, That the Town-clerk do transmit to his Lordship a
fair copy of the above resolutions, with the respectful compliments
of this body."

A copy of the said resolutions being transmitted by the Town-
clerk, to his Lordship, he returned the following answer :

SIR,

I received the ?avour of yours this post importing the unani-
mous resolution of the Chamber of Exeter, to present me with
the freedom of that ancient and respectable city; for which I beg
you will be pleased to return my most respectful thanks, and to
inform the Chamber, that I feel an uncommon pleasure in this
testimony of good will from the city of Exeter, as it is the capital
of that county where my father, and all his ancestors, took their
birth, and where I myself heretofore received an encouragement
in my practice far beyond my merits.

If I have deserved in any part of my conduct the approbation
of my countrymen, as an honest and impartial judge, I shall not
be ashamed to confess, that I take a pride in that applause that
flows from an opinion of my integrity, leaving the praise of capa-
city to others whom God has endued with more shining parts and
superior abilities.

I can make no other return (and I know the Chamber of Exeter
expect no other), for this valuable compliment, than a promise to
persevere in an upright and impartial execution of my office; and
I hope this promise will obtain some degree of credit, when it is
considered, that by deviating from this path, I shall not only for-

EARL CAMDEN. 269

feit the esteem of your city, which I am now so honourably pos-
sessed of, but I shall likewise disgrace my Royal Master's nomi-
nation, and break my oath.

I am, Sir,
With all due respect to yourself,
As well as the Chamber,

Your most obedient faithful servant,

C. PRATT.

LincolnVJnn-Fields,
March I; 1764.

The Common-Council of Norwich also agreed to present the
freedom of their Corporation to his Lordship in a gold box.

On October 26th, 1764, the Corporation of Bath, of which
city his Lordship was Recorder, voted him their acknowledgments
•" for his upright and steady conduct," and desired him to sit for
his picture, " as a perpetual memorial of what ought never to
be forgot by them or their posterity, whilst the spirit of law and
liberty remains in any part of this free and independent king-
dom." To which his Lordship returned a polite and grateful
answer.

On July 16th, 1/65, his Majesty was graciously pleased to ad-
vance this upright Magistrate to the dignity of a Peer of Great
Britain, by the style and title of Lord Camden, Baron of Cam-
den, in the county of Kent: and on July 30th, 1/66, his Majesty,
upon the resignation of Robert, Earl of Northington, delivered
the Great Seal to his Lordship, as Lord High Chancellor of
Great Britain; in which high office his Lordship most deserv-
edly obtained the love and esteem of all parties j but when the
taxation of the Americans was in agitation, declaring himself
against it, and strongly opposing it, he was removed from the
office of Lord High Chancellor, in the year 177°-

The truth is, that on the meeting of parliament, January Qth,
1770* Lord Chatham having opposed the address, his warmth
seemed to communicate itself to Lord Camden. <( I accepted the
Great Seal (said he), without conditions 3 I meant not, therefore,
to be trammelled by his Majesty; (I beg pardon), by his Mini-
sters. I have often drooped, and hung down my head in council,
and disapproved by my looks, those steps, which I knew my
avowed opposition could not prevent} I will do so no longer} but
openly and boldly speak my sentiments."

270 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

His Lordship was advanced to the dignities of Viscount Bay-
ham, and Earl Camden, May 13th, \JS6.

His Lordship di d April 18th, 1794.°

Dr. Bisset has pronounced the following brief eulogium on
Lord Camden. He calls his Lordship ** the'great bulwark of
English law, profoundly versed in our constitution, with that mild,
clear, and nervous eloquence, which is the hrm and efficacious
instrument of wisdom."d

His Lordship married Elizabeth, daughter and at length sole
heir of Nicholas Jeffreys, Esq. of the Priory, in Breconshire, by
whom, who died December 10th, 1 77 9 j he had issu?,

John, the present Earl.

Frances, who married, June 7th, 1755, Robert, Earl of Lon-
donderry, in Ireland, and has issue.

Elizabeth.

Sarah, who married, in November 1779* Nicholas Price, Esq.
of Saintfield, in the county of Downe.

Jane, who married, April 25th, 1780, Sir Walter^ James James,
Bart, of Langley Hall, Berkshire.

Robert, who wras in the army, and died unmarried.

John Jeffreys, only surviving son, succeeded as second Earl
Camden.

His Lordship was born February 11th, 1759, and is one of the
Tellers of the Exchequer. In 1782, he was made a Lord of the
Admiralty, which office he held till 1788 ; and, in 1789, a Lord
of the Treasury, which he held till 1793. On March 31st, 1 795,
he was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, which he held till
17985 and, on May 26th, 1804, was constituted Secretary of
State for the war department, which he held till July 1805 3
when he was appointed President of the council, which he
quitted in February 180(5; and was again appointed to, March
1807.

His Lordship was also elected in 1797, a Knight of the Gar-
ter.

His Lordship married, December 31st, 1785, Frances, daugh-
ter and sole heir of William Molesworth, Esq. of Wenbury, in
Devonshire, and brother to the late Sir John Molesworth, Bart,
of Pencarrow, in Cornwall, by whom he has

Frances- Anne, born November 21st, 1787.

« See Qent. Mag. LXIV. p, 388. * Bisset, II. 21%. ■

EARL CAMDEN. 1?\

Georgiana-EHzabeth, born July 4th, 1791.

Caroline-Anne, born July 21st, 1792,

George-Charles, Viscount Bayham,, born May 2d, 1799-

Titles. John Jeffreys Pratt, Earl Camden, of Camden-place,
in Kent; Viscount Bayham, and Baron Camden.

Creation, Baron Camden, July 16th, 1765, 5 George III.;
Viscount Bayham, and Earl Camden, May 13th, 1786*.

Arms. Sable, on a fess, between three elephants heads, erased,
Argent, as many mullets of the first.

Crest. On a wreath an elephant's head, erased, Argent.

Supporters. On the dexter side a griffon, Sable, beak and
fore-legs, Gules; on the sinister, a lion rampant, Or, each gorged
with a collar, Argent, charged with three mullets, Sable.

Motto. Judicium parium aut lkx teerje.

Chief Seats. Bayham Abbey, Sussex, near Tunbridge Wells;
and Wilderness, near Seven Oaks, Kent,

272 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

MURRAY EARL STRANGE.

All antiquaries are agreed, that the common ancestor of this
most noble and far spread family of the Murrays, derive them-
selves from one Friskinus, a gentleman of note and figure in
the reign of King David I. who came to the throne on the de-
mise of his brother, King Alexander I. anno 1 122. No body
can pretend, with any kind of certainty, to trace his origin, or to
show his descent j but it may be conjectured that he was one of
those Saxon nobles, who, with Cospatrick and Arkil, the true
and genuine ancestors of the great families of the Earls of Dunbar
and Lennox, fled to Scotland, upon the conquest of England, or
a little after, and were graciously received, and rewarded suitably
to their birth and merit, with lands and territories, and from
whence they or their immediate successors assumed surnames:
however, so much is most certain, that this Friskinus, from an
authentic voucher, of no less authority than a charter under the
Great Seal of King William the Lion, held of the crown in the
time of King David his grandfather, the lands of Strathbrock, in
Linlithgowshire ; the lands of Dufflus, Rossile, &c. in the shire
of Murray ;a he had two sons as plain as a demonstration, Wil-
liam and Hugh j who are both designed patronimically, Williel-
mus Alius Friskini, & Hugo filius Friskini,b who is certainly the
ancestor of the family of Sutherland, as is plainly vouched from
the cbartulary of the episcopal see of Murray, in the lawyers li-
brary j William the son of Friskin, designed only by the christian

a.The original charter is in the possession of the Earl of Buchan,
b From a Toucher in the Chartuhry of Murray, by Robert, Bithop of St. An-
drew's

EARL STRANGE, 2;3

name of his father, Willielmus filius Frisking gets from King
William a charter of the lands of Strabrock, DufFus, Rossile,
Inchikel, Macher, and Kintrai: " quas terras pater suus Friskin
tenuit tempore regis David avi mei," says the King. The char-
ter has no precise date, but it must be betwixt the years 1 1 68
and 1 1/1 • for Felix, Bishop of Murray, is a witness to the King's
deed • in the year 1168, he was promoted to the episcopal see of
l Murray, and died in that office, 1171.e

This William, the son of Friskin, Willielmus filius Friskini,
as he designs himself, seems to have been a very considerable
man in the court of King Malcolm IV. He is witness to the
charter of that King to Baldwin- Frandense, of the lands of Innes j
and is witness to the charter granted by King William, of the
lands of Burgin to the Abbey of Kinloss.

William, the third of the line, his son, is the first that as-
sumed the surname de Morravia, for he is designed Willielmus
de Morravia, filius Willielmi filii Friskini, in a deed, whereby
he gives in pure and perpetual alms, " Deo et Ecclesae sanctae
Trinitatis de Spiny, et collegio canonicorum ibidem Deo servien-
tium ecclesiam de Artendol, cum pertinentis' suis coram Hugone
fratre meo."

The reason I apprehend why he assumed the surname de Mor-
ravia from the country of Murray, was, because he had a great
estate and vast possessions, and had his residence at DufFus there.

Hugo de Morravia was his eldest sonj for in the Chartulary
of the see of Murray there is an agreement betwixt Archibald,
Bishop of Murray, and Walter de Morravia, filius quondam do-
mini Hugonis de Morravia, of a part of the wood and muir of
Spiny, which his father had from Brunus, Bishop of Murray, qui
ducit ad Castellum de DufFus in 1226. This Walter de Morravia
and Dominus de DufFus, had for certain

Friskin de Morravia Dominus de DufFus his son, who is so
designed in an agreement about the abounding of lands with the
Bishop of Murray in 1248jd he had no male issue, and his estate,
both in the South and in the West came to his two daughters, who
were coheirs j Hellen, who was* married to Sir Reginald le Chienj
and Christian, to William de Feddereth.e This Sir Friskin de
Morravia is witness, together with Sir Malcolm de Morravia, in a
charter granted by Malise, Earl Strathern, to Annabella, his sister,
of the lands of Kincardine, which is confirmed by King Alex-

e Chronicle de Melross. d Chartulary of Murray. "* Ibid.

VOL.V. T

274 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

ander II. at Selkirk, the 28th of June, the twenty-second year of
the King's reign, that is, the year of our Lord 1223.

This Sir Malcolm Murray, is by some thought to be brother
to this Sir Friskin Murray of DufFus, witnessing the Earl of
Strathern's charter with him. Others again think he was uncle
to this Sir Friskin, son to Sir William de Morravia of DufFus;
however this be, he is very early branched from the stem, and is
uncontrovertibly the original ancestor of the most noble and il-
lustrious family of the Mukrays of Tillibardine. He for
certain had a considerable estate in the county of Perth; for in
the 36th of Alexander III. he, Dominus Malcolmus de Morravia,
Miles, Vicecomes de Perth, is witness to a charter granted by
Malesius Comes de Strathern, Domino Malcolmo de Logie filio
quondam Domini Malesii Senescalli de Strathern de terris de Ca-
tintulloch; to the charter, Alexander Comes de Buchan justitia-
nus Scotise is a witness/

In an accouut of the family drawn up in the year 1(300, Sir
Malcolm de Morravia (the certain and uncontroverted ancestor
of the House of Tillibardine), is mentioned to have got the lands
of Gask and others, in the county of Perth, by marrying the
daughter and heir of Sir Gilbert de Gask.

Sir David Murray, one of the ancestors of the Duke of Atholl,
is designed David de Morravia de Gask, in a charter, by Euphe-
mia Comitissa de Strathern, to Luke Stirling, one of the ancestors
of the family of J£eir, of the lands of Rattern, in the year 141 1,5
and he is designed by the title of Gask, by that learned Scottish
historian, Dr. John Major, as one of those illustrious persons, who
were knighted by King James I. for the greater splendor of his
coronation at Perth, anno 1424. As we are certain from un-
doubted vouchers, that Sir Malcolm Murray had an estate in
Perthshire, in the reign of King Alexander II. that he executed
the office of High Sheriff there in the reign of King Alexander
III. so we are as sure, from unquestionable records and charters
in the family, that he gave to Sir William de Morravia his son,
" Willielmo de Morravia filio suo terras de Lamabude," by a
charter which is in the hands of his Grace the Duke of Atholl,u
Andreas Episcopus Moravise, Willielmus de Hayie de Locherward
& Michael de Weems Militibus, being witness thereto; the char-
ter is without date, as is very usual in the more ancient deeds ;

f Sir James Balfour's, Lord Lyon's Collections in Bib?. Juiid.

g The original charter in the hands of the Laird of Keir.

h In the charter chest of the family.

EARL STRANGE. 17$

but it must be before 1244, when from the Chronicle of Melross>
this prelate, Andrew Bishop of Murray, died.

This same noble and illustrious person, Willielmus de Moravia
miles, Alius quondam domini Malcolmi de Moravia militis, got
and obtained the lands and estate of Tullibardine, in the county
of Perth, by the marriage of Adda, daughter of Malise Senescal
de Strathern, by Mauriele his wife, daughter and heir of Congal
filius Duncani filii Malcolmi. There is' in the custody of his Grace
the Duke of Atholl, a charter of King Alexander II. under the
Great Seal, ratifying and confirming a former deed and grant by
Robertus comes de Strathern, Congal Alio Duncani, filio Mal-
colmi, de illis terris in villa de Cacherlanuch quae dicitur Tulli-
bardine, and bears date the 3d of April, the twentieth year of the
King's reign, that is, the year 1231 j to which deed Bishop Bon-
dington of Glasgow, the Chancellor, is a witness. Sir William
got also a ratification of the charter of the lands and estate of
Tullibardine, from his Lady's brother, Henricus filius quondam
domini MalesiiSenecalli.de Strathern, whereby he confirms for
him and his heirs, illam donationem quam domina Mauriela ma-
ter mea filia Congal dedit et concessit domino Willielmo de
Morravia filio domini Malcolmi de Morravia, et Addae filise dictae
dominae Mauriele, sororis meae de Tullibardine, secundum teno-
rem chartas quam dictus dominus Willielmus, et Adda soror mea
habent de predicta Mauriele matre mea. Apud DufFaly die Mar-
tis in Vigilia omnium sanctorum, anno domini millessimo ducen-
tesimo octogessimo quarto.1

Upon the death of Queen Margaret, the grandchild and heir
of King Alexander III. anno 129O, when the competition arose
about the right of succession to the crown, betwixt John Baliol
and Robert Bruce, the decision and determination whereof was,
by .both parties, referred to King Edward I. of England ; the
whole country, as usual upon such occasions, and in like cases,
sided and attached themselves to the different rivals 3 Sir William
Murray, of Tullibardine, or Tholibardine, as the record my
voucher calls him,1' took part with John Baliol 3 and being a per-
son of character and figure, was one of those Barons that went to
Berwick, the place of meeting, for giving decision in the point
for supporting the claim, and where he gave his oath of fealty
and subjection to King Edward as direct and superior Lord of
Scotland}1 but in this Sir William Murray was not alone, for even
the competitors themselves, the very guardians of Scotland, and

* Penes Duccm de Atholl. k Rymer and Prin. * Rymer.

276 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

indeed all the Scotsmen about him, did the like. The King of
England's decision in favour of John Baliol, could not be very
agreeable to Sir William Murray, who had so strenuously asserted
his preferable right and title, and submitted to him as King,
when the crown of Scotland was adjudged to belong to him on
the 19th of November 12Q2.m Two years after this, anno 1294,
a war breaking out between England and France, King Edward
thinking himself assured of all the assistance the King and king-
dom of Scotland could give him, at least he flattered himself so
far as to think they would not at once disobey his commandments
and baulk bis entreaty, for he made use of both; and pn the 29th
of June, of the year 1294 aforesaid, he sent from Portsmouth no
less than fifteen distinct letters to King John himself, and to others
of the first rank and quality in Scotland, and among others, to
Sir William Murray, of Tullibardine ;n all whom he required
upon their allegiance, and entreated as his friends, to come in per-
son, if they possibly could, to London, with their men, horses, and
arms, and to be ready on the 1st day of September next, to go
over with him to France, in order to assist him in the recovering
of his province of Gascony. But by this time the Scotch nation
were grown weary of their superior King Edward, and did not
like the encroachments he had, by fraud, force, and violence,
made upon their constitution and independency; so that his sum-
monses by this time were but little regarded; for they did not
think themselves bound to keep oaths so violently extorted from
them by so eminent an invader of their liberties and independency.
What became of Sir William Murray, of Tullibardine, after this,
or what part he acted in the calamitous war that soon after en-
sued, for want of vouchers to direct me, I cannot tell, and at this
distance I will not offer any conjecture. I observe from Mr.
Rymer's Fcedera and Prin's Collections, there were really more
gentlemen of the surname of Murray, even at that time, with ter-
ritorial designations, than of any other family whatsoever ; for
there is Sir William Murray, of Tullibardine; Sir William Mur-
ray, of Drumfargard; and Sir Andrew Murray, of Bothwell; whom
I look upon to be all near relations to one another, and of the
same blood and kindred.

By Dame Adda his wife, aforesaid, Sir William Murray
bad,

Andrew, his son and heir, who gave in pure and perpetual

m Rymcr. n Rymer's Fsedera Angl'se ad Annum 1294.

EARL STRANGE. 277

alms to the monks of Inchaffry, usually designed Insula Missa-
rium, a certain annuity out of a part of his lands of Tullibardine,
which had been formerly in dispute betwixt him and the Abbot
and Convent, and this he expresses for the health of his soul, &c.
This mortification bears date the 16th of December, St. Bean's
day, of the year 1331.° This gentleman, upon the incoming of
Edward Baliol, in the year 1332, was one of those who had got
into the notion that he still had a better and nearer title to the
crown than the Bruce family in proximity of blood ; and for that
reason he did not oppose him, but rather seemed to favour the
attempt he was making to recover his crown: he did not indeed
join his army, but he caused, or suffered, some of his dependants
to fix a stake in the river of Ern, where it was most fordable,
which, it seems, was the signal that had been concerted on to let
the enemy march over to attack the Scots, that lay encamped at
Duplin.?; the stratagem had all the success that could be desired,
the Scots army were secure, not dreaming any enemy was near
them, and were very disadvantageously attacked before they could
scarce get to their arms, and a very bloody battle ensued, in which
Edward Baliol, pretender to the crown, had the better, and upon
that was crowned at Scoon; but the very next year, things taking
a more favourable turn for King David, and the Scots, after a
long siege, having made themselves masters of the town of Perth,
many prisoners were taken, and among others this gentleman,
who, being indicted, tried, and condemned for high treason, suf-
fered accordingly. This gentleman's death was revenged very
severely by the English ; for, without any visible cause, Sir John
Graham, the Earl of Monteith, who was taken prisoner in the
battle of Durham, was executed at Westminster, as a traitor to
the crown of England; because in the crowd of other Scotchmen
he had sworn fealty to King Edward of England. This Earl's
death was a kind of reprisal for the death of Sir Andrew Murray,
of Tullibardine, who lost his life in supporting the interest of a
Pretender, which the crown of England had exerted its full
strength to have established on the throne. He left a son,

Sir William Murray, of Tullibardine, who, after the death
of his father, had a charter from Malice, then Earl of Strathern,
his superior, of his estate of Tullibardine, on the resignation of
Adda de Morravia, avia dicti Willielmi. In this deed Sir Wil-
liam de Montifixo justiciarius Scotia? ex parte boreali aquae de

• Chartulary of Inchraffy.

2?8 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

Forth, is a witness, who executed that office in the year 1335,
&c.p This William was succeeded by

John de Morravia, de Tullibardine, who had a grant from Sir
Alexander de Abernethy miles, de Terris de Pickerling in Baronia,
de Banbrick, in vicecomitatu de Fife. He was succeeded by

Walter us de Morravia, de Tullibardine, who in 1358, upon
Robert the great Steward of Scotland's coming to be Comes de
Strathern, grants a charter, " Waltero de Morravia, de Terris
de Tullibardine and Concusse :" and King David, in the 33d year
of his reign, by a charter under the Great Seal, ratifies and con-
firms, " Chartam quas dilectus nepos noster Robertus Comes de
Strathern, senescallus Scotiac, fecit concessit Waltero de Morravia
de Tullibardine & Concusse, ac etiam chartam quam quondam
Alexander Abernethy miles fecit Johanni de Morravia, de Tulli-
bardine, de Terris de Pekerling in Barronia de Banbrick in vice-
comitatu de Fife." The charter is in the registers of the Great
Seal, anno 1362. This same Walterus de Morravia, de Tullibar-
dine, gave to the Monastery of St. Servan, of Culcross, & mona-
chis ibidem Deo servientibus, totas terras suas de Aldton pro
salute animi sui & Margaretae sponsae suae, parentum, progenito-
rum & successorum suorum Testibus, Walterus Episcopus Dun-
blanenj Johannes Abbas de Dunfermling, Dominus Thomas Bis-
set, Dominus de Fife, Robertus de Erskine, Dominus Ejusdem,
Andreas de Valoniis militibus, Allanus de Erskine, Robertus se-
nescallus de Innermeath, Michael de Balfour, Robertus Hakyth,
& multis aliis. Of this charter, though it wants a date, yet the
time may be easily fixed, since Thomas Bisset is a witness, who
had married the Lady Isabel, the daughter and heir of Duncan,
Earl of Fife, and upon that came to be designed Dominus de Fife,
for we know exactly when the marriage happened, from a char-
ter under the Great Seal of King David confirming a marriage
settlement, inter Dominum Thomam Bisset & lsabellam de Fife
dominam ejusdem, dated January 10th, 1362,1 and another on
June 8th, the same year 1362. After the marriage took place,
there is a charter under the Great Seal, Domino Thomse Bisset
de toto & integro comitatu de Fife, & hseredibus suis masculis
inter ipsum &Tsabellam de Fife legitime procreandis: so that the
precise date of this charter of mortification is in the year 1362 $
it is afterwards confirmed to the Abbot and Convent of Culross,,
fry King Robert III. at Dunfermling, the 20th of March, in th^

P Charter in the charter chest of the family.
S In the Registers of the Great Seal in the Records,

EARL STRANGE. 279

first year of his reign, anno 1390/ From the writs of the family
it appears, that this Walter Murray de Tullibardine was married
to Margaret de Baird, as she is designed, who was of the ancient
family of the Bairds, of Camnethan, in the county of Lanerk,
where they had long continued in lustre. By this lady he had a
son, his heir and successor,

Sir David Murray, designed first of Gask, and then of Tilli-
bardine, as is before observed} he is designed David de Moravia
de Gask, in a charter granted by Eupham, Countess Palatine of
Strathern, Luce de Strivelyn de terris de Rathern} it is dated at
Perth, the 8th of November, 1414, to which there are witnesses,
Robertus Senecallus Comes de Fife, & de Monteith, guberna-
tor regni Scotiae, Walterus senescallus Comes Athole & Caith-
ness, Willielmus dominus Graham, Johannes de Weems dominus
ejusdem, militibus, David de Morravia de Gask, Thomas de Brys-
ban & Tristam de Gorthy, scutiferis.8 He is one of those noble
persons, whom King James I. honoured with knighthood, for tha
greater splendor of his coronation at Perth, 1424. The authority
of this is from Dr. John Major j but I must caution my reader,
that he is designed David Macy de Gask} but it is either designed
as a contraction of Murray, or one of the typographical errors
the book abounds in, of which, I may venture to say, this is but
one of a hundred. In the year 1445, Sir David Murray, of Tilli-
bardine (according to a humour that then much prevailed among
great men, of founding collegiate churches, the patronage of
which they absolutely reserved to themselves, and that they might
have the benefit of the divine offices near at hand), founded and
endowed a college at Tullibardine, just by his own castle, which
he provided with a Provost and four Prebends, which became a
constant fund of provision for the younger sons of the more re-
mote branches of the family in an ecclesiastic way} till it was
suppressed at the reformation of religion with the other religious
houses, which were then deemed nurseries of superstition.

Within the Collegiate church of Tullibardine, on the west end
of the wall, are the arms of the founder, Sir David Murray, and
his Lady, Dame Isabel Stuart, impaled, the three stars within the
border of Murray, and the fesse chequee and the gaily for Stuart
of Lorn, of which family this Lady was a daughter.

£Te married Isabel, daughter of John Stuart, of Innermeath,

* In the Registers in the public Archives.
« Charta penes Dominum Keir.

280 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

Lord Lorn/ ancestor to the Earl of Atholl of that name, by whom
he had issue., ■

Sir William, the eldest, the heir of the family.

John Murray, the second, designed of Drysall.u

Patrick, the third, who got in patrimony the lands of Dollary
and Drye, Isle of Auchtertyre.x He was Sheriff depute of Perth-
shire, under his brother Sir William Murray, of Tullibardine, in
the reign of King James III. anno 1465J Of his eldest son and
heir is lineally descended Sir William Murray, of Auchtertyre,
Bart.; and of Ninian, a younger brother, who got in patrimony
the lands of Dollary, are sprung the Murrays of Dollary j of whom
again by a younger son, Patrick Murray, of Newraw, came the
Murrays of Woodend;2 and of them issued of a second brother,who
was a clergyman, Mr. William Murray, parson of Dysart, William
Murray, Esq. created Earl Dysart, by King Charles I. in the year
1640, from whose daughter, Elizabeth, Countess of Dysart, and
Duchess of Lauderdale, the honour and dignity of Earl of Dysart
devolved to Sir Lionel Talmache, of Helmingham, Bart, her son;
James, of whom are come the Murrays of the house of Strawan.

Alexander, who was the ancestor of the Murrays of Tipper-
muir, who were a considerable family, and were well allied to
the best families in Perthshire; they have still a male representa-
tive, though he be out of the estate, which was once very consi-
derable.

Sir David Murray, of Tullibardine, had, besides these sons,
several daughters.

Mariotta, who was married to Sir Malcolm Drummond, of
Cargill, ancestor to the Earls of Perth. The contract is by way
of indenture, dated at Auchterarder 14th July, 1445 ; the mar-
riage portion is eight hundred marks, good and usual money of
the Kingrick of Scotland, to be paid at eight different terms an-
nually. There are other mutual clauses of mutual support and
friendship betwixt the families in the strongest and most signifi-
cant terms that can be expressed -, and particularly, that William
Murray and Patrick Murray, two of Sir David's sons, shall be
aiding and assisting to their new ally to the utmost of their power
and ability. There are witnesses to this contract Michael, Bishop

t Writs of the house of Tullibardine, penes Ducem de Atholl.

u Ibid. x Charta penes Ducem de Atholl.

Y Charta penes Dorn. de Glenegies.

z Charts penes LaurenUuiri Oliphant de Gask,

EARL STRANGE. 8*2

of Dunblain, Patrick, Lord Graham, Patrick, Lord Glammis,
&c.

Isabel, who was married to Malcolm Drummond, of Concraig,1
then Steward of Strathern.

Christian, who was married to Murdoch Monteith, of Rusky,
at that time a great Baron in the county of Perth,b by whom he
had two daughters his heirs; Agnes, who was married to Sir John
Haldane, of Glenegiesj and Margaret, to John Napier, of Mar-
cheston, ancestor to the Lord Napier.

William Murray, of Tullibardine, the son and successor of
Sir David, made a very considerable figure in his time. He exe-
cuted the office of High Sheriff of the county of Perth, in the
reign of James II. ano) III.C which he discharged by his brother,
Patrick Murray, the ancestor of Auchtertyre, as his deputy in the
office. He was frequently in the Parliaments as a Baron of Te-
nure; and in the year 1458, he was one of the Lords named for
the administration of justice, who were the King's daily council/1
We find him also one of the Plenipotentiaries in a treaty with
the English, in 1458, to treat of a peace, or the continuation of a
truce betwixt the two nations. He enlarged the college of Tulli-
bardine, founded by his father j and built that part towards the
west where his arms and his lady's are impaled, the three stars
within the double tressure, and a cross engrailed for Colquhomv
finely cut in stone on the outside of the wall. He married Mar-
garet, daughter of Sir John Colquhoun, of Luss, Knt. in the
county of Dumbarton, who was Lord High Chamberlain in the
reign of King James III." by whom he had a numerous issue ; the
tradition is, they had seventeen sons, of whom a great many of
the different families of the Murray s throughout the kingdom
are descended} Sir William was the eldest, George, Abbot of
Inchaffry, the younger son,e John Murray, of Gajvamore, is called
another ; the ancestors of the Murrays of Newton, Balberton,
&c. &c. are said to be two of the seventeen brothers of Tulli-
bardine.

Sir William Murray, of Tullibardine, the eldest son, and
next in the line of this noble family, was in a high degree of fa-
vour with King James III. There is a charter in the custody of
his Grace the Duke of Atholl, by that Prince, Dilecto nostro ac
familiari militi Willielmo de Morravia, de Tullibardine, pro suo

a Charla penes Dom. Glenegles. b Ibid. ' c Ibid.

d Writs belonging to the family of Boswell of Balmiitto.

e Deeds in the possession of Laurence Oliphant, of Gapk,

282 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

iideli servitio nobis impenso senescalliam nostram comitatus de
Strathern, ac dominii de Balquhidder. This charter of the Stew-
art ry of Strathern, and Lordship of Balquhidder, is dated 18th
January, 1482. In the first parliament of King James IV. anno
14S8, we find him sitting as a member j for we may remark, that
although the smaller Barons were dispensed by an act of King
James 1. from personal attendance in parliament/ anno 1427., >'et
the greater Barons, even under the degree of Lords of Parliament,
were not, but sat there in virtue of their Baronies j for though
these great Barons came but seldom to parliament, yet there was
no law excluding them, but that they might take their seats there
whenever they had a mind, even though they were not called by
the King's writ, or general precept. In the parliament 1492, he
got a special act in his favour, ratifying the grant formerly made
to him of the Stewartry of Strathern, which is in the archives of
the family. And in 1495, we find him concerned in a treaty with
the English, for the keeping of a good understanding betwixt
the two realms.^ In 1507, Sir William Murray by this time be-
ing grown aged, the King grants to his well beloved and familiar
Knight, as he designs him, Sir William Murray, of Tullibardine,
a full exoneration in regard of his great age, dispensing with his
attendance, or coming either to courts, or even to the King's host
itself.

He married Catharine, daughter of Andrew, Lord Grey,h by
whom he had John, his eldest son and heir apparent, who mar-
ried Elizabeth, a lady of the family of the Crichtons,1 but died
without issue in the lifetime of his father.

William, second son, who was the heir of the family,
Sir Andrew, the third son, who got a good estate in marriage
with Margaret, the daughter and sole heir of James Barclay, of
Arngosk and Keppo, and became the ancestor of the Murrays of
Balvaird; since dignified with the title of Lord Balvaird and Vis-
county of which branch is likewise the present Earl of Mansfield }
Pavid Murray of Strathgeth.1 He had also two daughters j

f Black acts of parliament. ? Foedera Angliae.

11 Charta penes Ducem de Atholl.
1 Charter to this John Murray, son and heir apparent of Sir William Murray,
of Tullibardine, and to his Lady, under the Great Seal, in the public Records i%

k Chart a penes Vicecomitem de Stormont,
I Qbajta in Archives.

EARL STRANGE. 283

Christian, married to George Lord Seton, ancestor to the Earls of
Winton;™ and Elizabeth, to Thomas Stuart, of Gairntully.11

He died in 1509, and was succeeded by

William, his son and heir, who is designed, nlius & haeres
quondam domini Willielmi Murray, de Tullibardine, in a charter
under the Great Seal, anno 1510.°

He married Margaret, daughter of John, Duke of Atholl/ by
whom he had William, his eldest son and heir, Andrew and Da-
vid ; also a daughter, Helen, married to Alexander Seaton, of
Parbroath,^ in the county of Fife. Which

William, in 1542, obtained a charter under the Great Seal,
whereby his estate was granted to himself and Catharine Camp-
bell his wife, in conjunct infeofment, and a new investiture of his
whole fortune, under the Great Seal, to himself in life-rent, and
to William his son, and heir apparent in fee, and to the heirs
male of his body; which failing, to Alexander and James Murray,
his sons, and to the heirs male of their bodies respectively; which
failing, to Andrew Murray, brother-german to William Mur-
ray, of Tullibardine, and to the heirs male of his body; which
failing, to David Murray, brother to the said William also, and
to the heirs male of his b»dy; which failing, to David Murray,
of Auchtertyre, and to the* heirs male of his body; which failing,
to Alexander Murray, of Strowan, and to the heirs male of his
body ; which failing, to John Murray, of Wallacetoun, and to the
heirs male of his body; all which failing, to his nearest and law-
ful heirs whatsoever. r

He married Catharine, daughter of Sir Colin Campbell, of
Glenorchy, ancestor to the Earl of Breadalbane/ by whom he
had issue four sons j 1. Sir William, his heir. 2. Alexander, a
Colonel in the Dutch service. 3. James Murray, of Purdovis.
4. Andrew: also four daughters; I. Annabella, married to John,
Lord Erskine, afterwards Earl of Mar, and Fiegent of Scotland,
in the minority of King James VI. 2. Eupham, to Robert Stew-
art, of Rosyth, an ancient family in Fifeshire;1 and, secondly, to
Robert Pitcairn, Commendator of Dumfermling, Secretary of

m Ibid. » Chaita penes Dom. Geo. Stuart.

o Charta penes Ducem de Atholl, ad annum 1510.

P Ibid.
9 Sir Richard Maitland's History of the House of Seaton, MS.

r In publicis Archivis.

f Charter under the Great Seal in the Record*, ad annum 1538?

t Jbidem, Charter in the Charter Chest of Rcsyth,

284 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

State in the minority of King James VI.U and, lastly, to Patrick
Gray, of Innergoury.x 3. Catharine, to Robert Murray, of Aber-
cairny.y 4. Jean, to James Henderson, of Fordell,2 in the county
of Fife.

He died anno 1562, and was succeeded by

"William, his son and heir, who was a gentleman of oreat
parts and reputation, likewise very instrumental in bringing about
the reformation. He was one of the Barons, who, in virtue of
their Baronies sat in parliament 1560,a and established the re-
formed doctrine, though he does not appear to have been con-
cerned in those violences committed by the more zealous men of
his own party. Upon the Queen's return from France in 156l,
he was much in her favour and confidence; had likewise the
honour to entertain her Majesty, at his house at Tullibardine,
several times in her progress to the North 3 he was also appointed
of the Privy Council, and in 1565, was constituted Comptroller
of the kingdom.b

Upon the murder of King Henry, by the Earl of Bothwell, he
was one of the Barons who, with great zeal and forwardness,
went into an association for the defence of the young Prince, Kino-
James IV. and to pursue the Earl of Bothwell, and to bring him
to justice for the execrable fact he had committed on the King's
father; and perhaps he was not the less keen in prosecuting that
wicked Earl, that he had the honour to be second cousin to King
Henry, the murdered Prince; but his keenness for the safety and
preservation of the young Prince, did not influence him to behave
in any way undutiful to the Queen his Sovereign; for an author
of great worth and credit at that time,c says, speaking of the
Laird of Tullibardine, that he always retained a dutiful respect to
the Queen's Majesty, and only entered into the association for the
safety of the young Prince, and punishment of the King's mur-
der. Though the Laird of Tullibardine, the Comptroller, Was in
great friendship and confidence of some of those who went all
lengths against the Queen, yet he never could be prevailed on to
concur with them in one single act that was 'derogatory to her
honour, dignity, and safety; but when the Queen was forced to
fly out of the kingdom, and the government established in the

w Charta in Archivis. x Ibid.

y Charta penes Doin. ds Abercairny. z Charta in pubiicis Archivis.

a Keith's Collections.

b Charta in Rotuiis, and Mr. Keith's Collections.

c Sir James Melvile's Memoirs of his own Times.

EARL STRANGE/ 285

person of her son the Prince, he submitted to that authority, and
kept the Comptroller's place long after. He was of the Privy
Council to the Regents :d upon the death of the Earl of Mar the
Regent, who was his brother-in-law, in 1572, he and Sir Alex-
ander Erskine, of Gogar, commonly called Master of Mar, were
appointed Governors of the young King, and joint Keepers of the
Castle of Stirling, where the King resided and was brought up j
and he discharged the office to the universal approbation of the
whole kingdom, till 1578, when the King took upon himself the
administration. As soon as the King constituted a new Privy-
Council, he was one of the number; in which he continued till
his death, on the ]5th of March, 1583.e He left issue by Agnes
his wife, daughter of William, second Earl of Montrose/ John,
his eldest son and heir ; Mr. William Murray, designed of Pit-
carlie; and Mungo Murray, of Dunork; and two daughters j
Margaret, who was married to Sir Robert Bruce, of Clackmannan
Knt.; and Jean, to Sir John Hepburn, of Watchton.

John Murray, of Tullibardine, the eldest son, first Earl, was
in great favour of James VI. with whom he had been bred up in
an intimacy from his childhood, which begat a confidence that was
never shaken. In the year 15Q2, he was constituted Master of the
King's household/ and soon after had the honour of knighthood
conferred on him. But his Majesty's favour to Sir John Murray
did not. stop here, for he was further graciously pleased to raise
him to the Peerage, by the style and title of Lord Murray, of
Tullilardine, by letters patent the 25th of April, 1604. The,
same year he had a charter under the Great Seal, of the lands of
Letterbanachy, to himself, during his own lifetime, and to Wil-
liam, his eldest son, in fee, and to the heirs male of his body j
which failing, to Captain John Murray, his second son; and fail-
ing the issue male of his body, to Sir Patrick Murray, of Castle-
ton, his third son ; and failing his male issue, to Mungo Murray,
his fourth son ; and failing him, to Robert Murray, his fifth son,
and the heirs male of their bodies respectively; which failing, to
Mr. William Murray, of Pitcairlie, his brother-german, and to the
heirs male of his body; which failing, to Mungo Murray, of Du-
nork, his brother-german, and the heirs male of his body.

The Lord Tullibardine rising still more and more in his Ma-

d Records of the Council in the Signet Office,

e Carta in Cancellaiia, S.D.N. Regis ad annum, 1.584.

f Carta in publicis Archivis, ad annam, 1547.

£ Acts of Parliament, anno 1592.

28(5 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND,

jesty's favour, he was further graciously pleased to raise him to
the honour, title, and dignity of Earl of Tullibardine, by letters
patent, bearing date the 10th of July, l6o6.h A commission
being directed to Alexander, Earl of Dumfermling, then his Ma-
jesty's High Commissioner, to .invest, with the usual solemnities,
the Lord Tullibardine, in the honour of Earl of Tullibardine; the
Lord Fleming, in the honour of Earl of Wigton; the Lord Glam-
mis, in the honour of Earl of Kinghornj the Lord Abercorn, Earl
of Abercorn, all on the same day.

This John, first Earl of Tullibardine, married Dame Catha-
rine Drummond, daughter of David, Lord Drummond, ancestor
to the Earls of Perth, by whom he had issue,

William, his eldest son and successor.

Captain John Murray, his second son.

Sir Patrick Murray, of Castleton, Knight of the Bath, his third
son, and who became afterwards Earl of Tullibardine, on the sur-
render of the honour by his eldest brother.

Mungo Murray, fourth son, who became Viscount of Stormont,
by special provision of David the first Viscount Stormont, who
made him his heir: but though he was first married to Agnes,
daughter of Sir Andrew Murray, of Balvaird, and niece to the
Viscount of Stormont; and after that to Elizabeth, daughter of
David, Earl of Wecms, yet he had no succession : so the dignity
of Viscount of Stormont, at length came to Murray, the Lord
Balvaird.

Robert Murray, the fifth son.

Anna, the Earl's eldest, daughter, was married to Patrick, Lord
Glammis, Earl of Kinghorn, ancestor to the present Earl of
Strathmore.

Lilias, second daughter, married to Sir John Grant of Freuchie,
the Laird of Grant.

Margaret, the third, to James Halden, of Glenegies.

Catharine, the fourth, was married to David Ross, of Balnagoun,
in Rosshire, the heir male and representative of the ancient Earls
of Ross, and had issue.

Wjlliam, second Earl of Tullibardine, while he was a young
man, being in the town of Perth, on the memorable 5th of Aug.
1600, when John, Earl of Gourie, and Mr. Alexander Ruthven,
his brother, attempted to lay violent hands on the sacred person
of the King their sovereign; upon their being both slain, the

h Creations of the Nobility from the Records.

EARL STRANGE. 28;

citizens of Perth, hearing that the Earl of Gourie, who had been
their Provost at the time, was slain, rose in a tumult, and in all
probability, considering their numbers and the ferment they were
in, would have cut the Court in pieces, if the young Laird of
Tullibardine, who was accidentally in town that day, had not in-
terposed with his retinue and his friends, carried off the King,
and all with him, safe to Falkland. For this most signal and me-
ritorious service, the Laird of Tullibardine got the Sheriffship of
Perthshire; that had heritably belonged to the House of Ruthven,
the Earls of Gourie, and has mostly continued in the family of
Atholl ever since that time.

This William, the second Earl of Tullibardine, made a very
noble alliance by marriage ; for his Lordship married the Lady
Dorothea Stewart, eldest daughter and heir of the line to John the
fifth Earl of Atholl, of the Stewartine line ; by whom he had only
John, his son and heir, and a daughter, Anne, who was married
to Sir John Moncrief of that Ilk, then an ancient considerable
family, as any in all the county of Perth. „

This Earl of Tullibardine laid before his Majesty King Char. I.
the claim and title his lady, the Countess of Tullibardine, and his
children, had to the honour and dignity of Earl of Atholl; set-
ting forth, that the Countess was the eldest daughter, and heir of
line and at law to the deceased Earl of Atholl, her father; that
the family of Innermeath, who had got the title of Earl of Atholl
upon the demise of her father, were now all extinct, and out of
the way, and therefore she conceived that she was well entitled
to her father's dignity. The King received the petition very gra-
ciously; and told the Earl of Tullibardine, that since it was plain
that the former Earls of Atholl were all extinct in the male line,
that it was but just and reasonable that the dignity of Atholl,
which had so long and so gloriously flourished in the race of the
Stewarts, in whom he himself had a relation in blood, should
be revived and established in the person and descendants of the
lady, who was the heir of line and at law; and gave bis royal
word the thing should be done. But as the Earl of Tullibar-
dine was to do his lady and children justice, so as to have the
title and honour of Earl of Atholl brought into them, so he did
not think but that he ought to take care to do all that was pos-
sible for him, to preserve the honour of Tullibardine as a distinct
and separated dignity, that was not to be immerged or consoli-
dated into that of Earl of Atholl, when that honour came to be
vested in his son; who would become heir both to his father and

288 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

mother in their respective dignities and Peerages ; this the Earl
represented to his Majesty so effectually, that it was agreed and
concerted, that he should resign and surrender his own title and
Peerage of Earl Tullibardine, into his Majesty's hands, in fa-
vour of his brother, Sir Patrick Murray, Knight of the Bath, and
one of the Gentlemen of the Bed-chamber; and who himself had
a good share of favour, and had acquired the estate of Tullibar-
dine from his brother. Accordingly William, Earl of Tullibardine,
did surrender, on the 1st of April, \626,[ the title, honour, dig-
nity, and precedency, of Earl of Tullibardine, in order that it
might be, de novo, conferred on Sir Patrick Murray aforesaid ;
but in the interim, before the several different deeds and patents
could be perfected, the Earl of Tullibardine died, which brought
these transactions for some time to a stand; but that just and
excellent Prince, King Charles, well knowing the intention of the
parties in the whole transaction, and that it was intended, that
both the Peerage of Atholl and Tullibardine should be distinctly
represented; therefore his Majesty was graciously pleased to ac-
knowledge, that William, the deceased Earl of Tullibardine, had
resigned his titles of honour of Earl of Tullibardine, in favour of
his brother, Sir Patrick Murray, and which he was moved in jus-
tice to confer upon him. Accordingly a patent passed the Great
Seal, creating him Earl of Tullilar dine, bearing date the penult of
January, l628,k and to his heirs male whatsoever: but the King,
who regulated his whole conduct by the maxims and principles
of conscience and honour, having done justice to Sir Patrick Mur-
ray, in giving him the title of Earl of Tullibardine, conformable
to the intention of the resignation, he very quickly after that did
justice to his nephew, John Murray, son and heir of the deceased
Earl of Tullibardine, for he was soon after invested in the honour,
title, dignity, and Peerage of Earl of Atholl. The preamble of
the patent is very noble, and reflects great honour on the patentee;
for his Majesty narrates, that the honour and dignity of Earl of
Atholl, had continued successively in the line and posterity of
John, Earl of Atholl, who was uterine brother to the King's illus-
trious ancestor, King James II. to the death of John the fifth Earl
of Atholl, the patentee's own grandfather, wmose eldest daughter,

* Charta in Chancellarla S.D.N. R. ad annum i6z6.
k Patent in the Chancery Office at Edinburgh, ad annum 1628, testifying that
the honour had been resigned by the deceased Earl of Tullibardine to his brother,
the first of April 1626.

EARL STRANGE. 26(j

Dorothea, Countess of Tullibardine, was mother to him, the
King's predilectus consanguineus , as he is pleased to term the pa-
tentee, Johannes Murray, nunc creatus comes Jtholl. The nar-
rative goes on declaring, that his Majesty was moved surely from
principle of honour and conscience to give, ratify, and confirm to
the Earl, the title of Earl of Atholl, and that in truth, in the very-
strongest terms that could be devised, to express his right as heir
of line to his maternal ancestor, John, the first Earl of Atholl,
who had the Peerage conferred on him by his brother, King
James II. For all these reasons, Nos de nova (says the Sovereign)
damus, concessimus & contulimus teneroque presentiam damus
concedimus & conferimus prefato Johanne Murray, nunc comes
Atholl ie, prefatam dignitatem comitatus Athollie, & hzeredibus
suis, &c. — the patent bears date at Whitehall, the 17th of February,
1629.1

This noble Earl continued a loyal and quiet subject during the
peaceable time of the reign of King Charles. At the first rup-
ture when the troubles began in 1639, he attached himself to the
King's side with great firmness and fidelity) he raised his Atholl
men to the number of 1800 or 2000 men, declaring his intention
was to support the honour and dignity of the crown; and that he
would oppose every measure, or whatever party he judged were
driving things to lessen or eclipse the lustre of it, or were making
undue and illegal stretches, on whatsoever pretence, of lessening
and invading the sovereignty in any branch of its inherent
power.

But all jealousies and animosities being, at least seemingly,
composed by the King's own presence in the parliament 1641 5
parties of both sides laid down their arms, and seemed to outvie
oile another who should express their loyalty and duty most to his
Majesty, who had removed all their grievances, and settled every
thing to the desire of their hearts. The Earl of Atholl died next
year after this, anno 1642. His death was looked on as a very
great loss to the King's service, considering that he left his son
very young, a meer child, in no capacity of heading his men, or
leading them on to action j a thing the Highlanders have* at all
times been fond of: and if we but consider what great matters
the Marquis of Montrose did, with but a small number of the
Atholl men that resorted to him from principle, when he set up
the King's standard and declared for his Majesty; what, in a rea-
sonable conjecture, yea, what wonders might have been performed

1 Patent recorded in the Chancery Office it Edinburgh.
TOL. V. U

290 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

if all the Atholl men had been drawn together, and appeared in
the field with their own master and chief, the Earl of Atholl, at
their head ! But this by the bye.

John, the first of the line and race of the Murray s Earl of
Atholl, left issue by Jane his wife, daughter of Sir Duncan Camp-
bell, of Glenorchy, aunt to John, the first Earl of Bredalbane;

1. John, his eldest son and heir, thereafter Earl and Marquis
of Atholl.

2. Mungo Murray, who was Lieutenant of his Majesty's guards
at the Restoration; he died unmarried, and was interred in St.
Giles's church at Edinburgh, at the tomb of John, Earl of Atholl,
who died Lord Chancellor in the year 1579, where the honours
that were hung at the funerals, are still to be seen by the curious.

The Earl of Atholl had also one daughter, Anne, who was mar-
ried to her first cousin, Earl of Tullibardine, who was the son of
her uncle, Patrick, Earl of Tullibardine, who had the honour, as
we have heretofore observed in this memorial, conferred on him by
King Charles I. This Patrick, Earl of Tullibardine, married dame
Elizabeth Dent, an English lady, by whom he had issue, James,
his son and successor in the honour, and a younger son, William
Murray, of Redcastle, who being in the King's army at Philiphaugh,
was taken prisoner, and suffered at St. Andrews, in the year 1646.
He was a lively young manj he was much regretted by all ranks
and all parties -} for he was of great expectations, and was not
above eighteen years of age at his death: his brother got his
estate, who, it is reported, pressed his death very indecently. But
it was observable, that though he had at that time two sons, they
died so quickly after one another, that many remarks were made
on it j for though he had two wives, first, his cousin, the Earl of
Atholl's daughter; and after that, Lilias, daughter of Sir John
Drummond, of Machany, yet he left no child to inherit his for-
tune, but died without issue on the 26th of January, 1670, and
his estate and honours revolved to the Earl of Atholl, as his nearest
heir.

John, the second of the line of the Murray s, Earl of Atholl, and
first Marquis, succeeded his father in the honour while he was very
young; but being bred up in the principles of loyalty and fidelity
to the Crown and Royal family, in all the distress it was then
under, he stuck to it with the most firm, unskaken, and inviolable
fidelity. In the year 1653, when the Earl of Glencairn set up
the King's standard in the Highlands, the Earl of Atholl resorted
to him, and brought two thousand of his men to the camp; and

EARL STRANGE, 291

though he was now scarce eighteen, he endured the fatigue and
ill-accommodation the army was unavoidably exposed to, with
the vigour and resolution that could have been expected from the
most veteran soldier that was among them ; and both the Earl of
Glencairn, who was the first general, and the Earl of Middleton,
who afterwards had the command of the army, always acknow~
ledged and declared afterward, that if it had not been that the
Earl of Atholl was among them, and the support his country af-
forded them, they should have starved for want of provision and
foragej and their keeping so long together was more owing to
the Earl of Atholl, than to all the other great men that were
among them.

Upon the happy restoration of King Charles II. anno lfjfJO, the
Earl of Atholl's merit and loyalty being so eminent and conspi-
cuous, could not well fail of being highly rewarded and consi-
dered, as it well deserved. He was first named one of the Privy
Council, and acted as principal Master t)f the King's Household,
in the absence of the Marquis of Argyll, at the solemnity of the
Parliament, which sat down at Edinburgh the first of January,
l66l. Quickly after that getting into a high degree of favour
with his Majesty, and in the most entire confidence and friendship
of the Earl of Lauderdale, then the sole Secretary and Minister
for Scotland, his Lordship, the Earl of Atholl, was made and con-
stituted Lord Justice General, in place of the Earl of Cassilis,
who had been named to the office, but declined to accept it, be-
cause he could not bring himself up to take the oaths enjoined by
law, anno l66'3.

The Earl still rising more and more in favour and confidence,
both of the King and the Minister, he was preferred to be Cap-
tain of the Guards, on the demise of the Earl of Newburgh, anno
1670, and one of the extraordinary Lords of the Session. In
16/2, the Earl of Atholl, without parting with any of his other
offices, was made Lord Privy Seal, then void by the death of the
Earl of Dunfermling j b,ut his Majesty thinking all these great
employments were not enough to reward the merit and services
of the Earl of Atholl, therefore his Majesty was graciously pleased
to raise him to a higher degree and title of honour, by creating
him Marquis of Atholl, by letters patent, bearing date the 17th
of February, ]676.m

As the Lord Atholl had been in a long and firm friendship
with the Secretary, the Earl of Lauderdale, so he was a great

**' Patent recorded in Chancery.

%Q2 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

support to the other in keeping his court, and having so deep a
root with the King. Lauderdale had now possessed all his friends
with a notion, that was at first believed by them all, that the
people in the western shires were actually in a state of rebellion,
and were to be reduced by a superior force; for this end he got
the King to write to all the chiefs in the Highlands, to raise their
men to march to the West; among others, the Marquis of Atholl
raised 3000 of his Atholl men. The .Earls of Breadalbane, Mar,
Perth, Strathmore, &c. raised such as depended on them, which
in all amounted to an army* of eight or nine thousand men, who
were to be let loose in the West, on free quarter, as if they had
been in an enemy's country.

The Lord Atholl actually went to the West, and was named
one of the Committee of Council that were to give the necessary
orders to the army; but his Lordship quickly perceiving, when
he came to the West, how he had been deceived, and the state of
that country so dreadfully misrepresented, that they were so far
from being in any degree of rebellion, that they were in a state
of perfect quiet, and by no single circumstance, it could appear
to him, that any rebellion was intended, when he had examined
as far into the bottom of things as was possible, while he re-
mained in that part of the country : so his Lordship being of
himself a noble, generous, free-hearted man, he would be no lon-
ger a party in so violent an administration, nor could he endure
to see such havock made in any part of the kingdom, where he
himself was a subject; so upon this he fell off from Duke Lauder-
dale, and joined with the Duke of Hamilton, the Earl of Perth,
and ten or twelve of the nobility, with about 150 gentlemen of
quality, who went up to London to complain of the violence and
illegality of the administration. But though the King saw the
JLwd Atholl, yet he would not disgrace the Duke of Lauderdale,
much less punish him for what he had done. The Marquis of
Atholl having so many places in so small a country, had raised a
great clamour; so to stop that, now he was upon the side that
were the patriots, and set up to be the protectors of the liberties
of Scotland, he quitted the Justice-General's place, which was
given to Sir Archibald Primrose, of'Dalmany, in 16/8; and he
kept the Privy Seal, and his other posts and offices, without any
visible diminution in his Majesty's favour, till the King's death in
1685.

Upon the accession of his Majesty King James VII. to the
throne, the Marquis of Atholl had still a good share of favour, for

EARL STRANGE; 293

he had a great deal of merit, and was much esteemed by the new
King, since he had gone with great zeal into the act of parliament
in 1081, declaring the hereditary right to the crown, in the legal,
lineal course of the succession, in favour of his Majesty, while
he was Duke of Albany and York. So his Lordship, the Mar-
quis of Atholl, was continued Lord Privy Seal, and in his other
offices.

Upon the invasion of the Earl of Argyll, the Marquis was
thought the fittest person the Council could pitch on to make
head against hinij for that end they ordered him to raise so many
of his vassals and dependants as he thought necessary, to march
into Argylesbire, to prevent the progress the Earl might have in
making levies among his friends and vassals there. To give the
Marquis the greater authority (it seems), to execute any orders
he might receive from his Majesty, or the Council, he was made
Lieutenant of the shires of Argyle and Tarbat. The fate of the
Earl of Argyle, and the suppression of that rebellion, is so well
known, that it is unnecessary to relate them.

Quickly after this the Marquis of Atholl was invested with a
power of Justiciary in Argyleshire, to try and bring to justice such
as had been concerned in the rebellion ; but considering the at-
tachment and dependance the Highlanders have upon their chief,
and the heads of their clans and tribes, which no man living
knew better than his Lordship, little blood was shed, and but few
examples made} and the few executions that were, were done by
his two deputies in the office, the one a gentleman of Atholl, and
the other a gentleman of the shire of Air.

Soon after the affair of the Earl of Argyle was over, the Mar-
quis of Atholl went up to wait on the King: he was most gra-
ciously received, and his Majesty was pleased to express his sense
of his Lordship's services, in the most obliging expressions and
words that could li3ve proceeded from a Prince to a subject. Tn this
gale of favour, if the Marquis had not been firm and inflexible in
the point of his religion, which he could not sacrifice to the plea-
sure of any mortal, he might have been the first Minister for
Scotland, and all others in a dependance on him, and have ruled
as absolutely as ever the Duke of Lauderdale had done before
him.

Though the King found the Marquis was not to be wrought

i on in the matter of his religion, yet in all other things, knowing

his loyalty and duty was superior to all temptations, he placed an

entire and unsuspected confidence in his Lordship: for he was

Sp4 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

one of the secret Committee, to whom the administration was
chiefly committed, and the confidence lodged," till the end of
that reign.

In the year 1687, his Majesty was graciously pleased to revive
the most ancient and most noble order of St. Andrew, called
the Thistle, that had gone into disuse from the time that Queen
Mary had fallen into her troubles. The order was to consist of
twelve Knights and the Sovereign, in imitation of our blessed
Saviour and the twelve Apostles. They were all the King's fa-
vourites and confidents that were first installed of this number j
the Marquis of Atholl was one, his companions the other Knights,
so many of the number as was filled up, were, George, Duke of
Gordon j James, Earl of Arran ; James, Duke of Hamilton ;
James, Earl of Perth, the Lord Chancellor ; John, Earl of Mel-
ford, the Secretary; Alexander, Earl of Murray ; Kenneth, Earl
of Seaforth; and George, Earl of Dunbarton, General of the
forces. The revolution came on so soon after, that the full com-
plement of the Knights was never filled up.

After the revolution of the government, that the throne was
filled by the Prince and Princess of Orange, the late King Wil-
liam and Queen Mary, the Marquis of Atholl retired from all
public business, and spent his time at some of his fine seats in the
country, all his life after. He died the 6th of May, 1703, in the
seventieth year of his age. He was interred within the vestry of
the old cathedral church of Dunkcld, where a sumptuous and
magnificent monument of black and white marble is erected over
his grave. The effigies of the Marquis, and the Marchioness of
Atholl, his Lady, in bust, are on the two great Corinthian pillars
that support the tomb. There are also placed the probative quar-
ters, or branches, as they are called j the Marquis on the right
pillar, and the Lady Marchioness on the left pillar. On a tablet
of black marble there is an inscription, containing the several of-
fices the Marquis passed through, and the most material steps of
his life.

The Marquis of Atholl married a Lady of the most illustrious
rank and quality of any in Europe, I mean of a subject, the Lady
Amelia Sophia Stanley, daughter of James, Earl of Derby, by the
Lady Charlotte his wife, daughter of Claud, Duke de Tremoville,
a duke and peer of France.

By this most noble alliance and match, Sir William Dugdale,
in the Baronage of England, takes notice, that the Earl of

» Balcarras's Memoirs, MS.

EARL STRANGE. 296

Derby's children are related in blood and kindred, by the mother,*
to the houses of Bourbon and Austria, to the Kings of Spain and
France, the Duke of Savoy, the Prince of Orange, and to most of
the crowned heads in Europe j and now that all the descendants
of both sexes of James, Earl of Derby, and Amelia, Countess of
Derby his wife, are become extinct, excepting the children and
descendants of the Lady Marchioness of Atboll, all that great and
uncommon race of royal and illustrious blood centres in the de-
scendants of the Marquis of Atholl, and the Lady Amelia his wife
aforesaid; who were

John, their eldest son, and the heir of the family, thereafter
Duke of Atholl.

Charles, Earl of Dunmore, the second son, who was raised to
that honour by King James VII.

Lord James Murray, the third son, who was designed of Dou-
ally, and as a Baron represented the county of Perth, in the
House of Commons of Great Britain. His two daughters and co-
heirs married Lord Rollo, and Farquharson.

Lord William Murray, the fourth son, who having married
Margaret, the only daughter and sole heir of Sir Robert Nairn,
of Strathurd, one of the Senators of the college of Justice, and
one of the Commissioners of Justiciary, was upon that created
Lord Nairn for life, and the fee of the honour to descend to the
Marquis of Atholl's son, who should marry the Lord Nairn's
daughter.®

Lord Edward Murray, the fifth son.

Lord Mungo Murray, the sixth son, who died in that glorious
expedition of Scotland to Darien, anno 1697*

Lady Emilia, their only daughter, was married to Hugh, Lord
Fraser, of Lovat.

John, second Marquis, andjirst Duke of Atholl, succeeded his
father in the estate and honour of the family, which were raised
higher in the person of his Grace as Duke of Atholl. His Grace
was a man of great parts, but far greater virtues; of a lively ap-
prehension> a clear and ready judgment, a copious eloquence, and
of a very considerable degree of good understanding.

In the lifetime of his lather the Marquis, he came early into
the Revolution, and soon declared for the Prince of Orange. The
merit of this service, together with the relationship his Lordship

n He might have added, that these children of the Earl of Derby were by the
father directly descended from the union of the Royal Houses of Plantagenet
and Tudor.

• Charta in Public! s Archivis.

2Q6 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

had the honour to stand in to his Highness in blood, soon brought:
him into a degree of confidence and favour that was very particu-
lar. He had the command of a regiment of foot, but his genius
being more adapted to the cabinet than the field, his Majesty,
King William, was pleased to make him one of the principal Se-
cretaries of State, in conjunction with Mr. Ogilvie, afterward
Earl of Seafield and Findlater, anno 169G, much about the same
time he was created a Peer, by the title of the Earl of Tullibar-
dine^ by letters patent, bearing date the 27th of July, 1697, and
named High Commissioner, to represent his Majesty's person in
the sixth session of Parliament, which sat down at Edinburgh the
8th of September, 1697, wherein it is remarked, that every thing
the Court asked was granted, and all acted with great unanimity .1
But the Earl of Tullibardine being a person who had the honour
and prosperity of his country much more at heart than any pri-
vate consideration of his own, and by this time clearly perceiving,
if he continued in the Ministry, that he must enter into measures
that would bring his country into a slavish dependance on England,
and give way to ruin the national project of the African company
settled at Darien, he would go no further on with the Court ; so
he laid down all his public posts and employments, and retired
from the scene.

It was not the disappointment the Earl of Tullibardine met
with in recommending a friend of his to a high post, that (as some
of them have asserted), was the root of his disgust at the Court,
which arose from another consideration; it was the scheme he
saw laid down of bringing Scotland into a dependance on Eng-
land, as before observed 3 and that which brought it sooner on,
was the King's disowning the African Company, from which it
was expected great riches would flow into the kingdom; and this
stuck with him as a generous patriot, who preferred the honour
and interest of his country to any regard of his own concerns ;
and he stood at a distance from the Court as long as King Wil-
liam lived.

Upon the accession of her Majesty Queen Anne to the throne
of these realms, no mail in the nation was more overjoyed to see
one of the race of Stuarts wearing the crown, than the Earl of
Tullibardine 3 her Majesty was greatly pleased to bring him to the
Privy Council, and to make his Lordship Privy Seal/ in place of

f Patent recorded in the Chancery Office. 1 History of the Timtf.

' Gift to be Lord Privy Seal to John, Earl of Tullibardine, the 8th of Decem-
ber, J 70a.

EARL STRANGE. 297

the Duke of Queensbury, who was named Commissioner to the
new parliament, that was called to sit on the 6th of May, 1703,
wherein he did the Queen so acceptable service, that to coun-
tenance and reward his consummate merit, her Majesty was
graciously pleased to create him (being now Marquis of Atholl
by the demise of his father), Duke of Atholl, by letters patent,
bearing date the 3d of April, l/04,s and soon thereafter, his Grace
was elected and installed one of the Knights Companions of the
most ancient and most noble order of the Thistle. His Grace did
not long continue Privy Seal, for the next ensuing year, her Ma-
jesty thought fit for her service to change her ministry. The
Duke of Atholl was removed from his office, and the Earl of
Rothes got the Privy Seal.

In the parliament of IJOG, when the treaty of Union came to
be considered, his Grace the Duke of Atholl argued vehemently
against the whole frame of it, as contrary to the fundamental
laws, and the whole constitution of our government, which he
thought the Parliament had no power to alter. In the progress
of the debates on this subject, he spoke and argued with such
force and strength of reasoning, as made a very great impression
on all those that heard him, and created in all people a very high
esteem of him. The topics from which his Grace drew the argu-
ments against the Union, were the antiquity and dignity of the
kingdom, which were now offered to be given up: they were
now departing from an independant state, and going into a de-
pendance on England ; what conditions soever might be now spe-
ciously offered as a security to them, they could not expect they
should be adhered to, or religiously maintained in a parliament,
where sixteen Peers and forty-five Commoners could not hold the
balance against above an hundred Peers and five hundred and
thirteen Commoners j it was visible the nobility would suffer a
great diminution, if not a forfeiture by it j for though they agreed
that the Peers of Scotland should enjoy all the other privileges of
the Peers of England, yet the greatest of them all was denied
them, which was sitting and voting in the House of Lords, and
their being restrained to sixteen, to be elected by the rest at
every new parliament. In debating almost every single article
his Grace spoke against then* with great boldness, and so much
caution, that though he provoked the courtiers extremely, no
advantage could be taken against him j and though every ques-
tion was carried in favour of the treaty, yet his Grace, to clear

9 Cbarta in Archivit ad Annum 1704.

298 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

his own conscience, and to leave behind him to posterity what
his thoughts and sentiments in that affair were, before the vote
was carried in the House, he either protested himself against the
article, or adhered to the other members, who joined with his
Grace in the opposition by some of the members of every state.

After this his Grace the Duke of Atholl lived at his country
seats in the greatest splendor, till the year 1716, when William,
Marquis of Tullibardine, then his eldest son and heir apparent,
who had been unhappily seduced into the rebellion the year be-
fore, was, by virtue of an act of parliament passed in the first
year of the reign of King George I. attainted of high treason -,
upon this his Grace went up to Court, and was very graciously
received by his Majesty j he laid his case before the King, repre-
senting the unhappy circumstances of his eldest son, and what
effect and influence they might have in the event of his own
death on the succession of his family, if his estate and honours
were not vested by law upon his second son, Lord James Murray,
who had rendered his Majesty very considerable services during
the time of the late rebellion, tlis Majesty, having duly consi-
dered the Duke's petition, was graciously pleased to order a bill
to be brought into the same session of parliament, for vesting the
honours and estates of John, Duke of Atholl, in James Murray,
Esq. commonly called Lord James Murray, after the death of the
said Duke his father, reciting, that the said John, Duke of Atholl,
and the said James Murray, Esq. commonly called Lord James
Murray, second son to the said John, Duke of Atholl, had con-
stantly adhered to his Majesty, and rendered him considerable
services; and as a reward of their steady loyalty, his Majesty was
most graciously pleased to give his Royal assent for a bill to be
brought in, that the honours, titles, and estate of the said John,
Duke of Atholl, should after his death be continued in his family.
Accordingly a law passed, whereby it was enacted, that the act of
attainder of William, Marquis of Tullibardine, should not extend,
or be construed to extend, to prevent any descent of honour or
estase from the said Duke of Atholl, to the said Lord James
Murray, and his issuej but that all and every. the honours, titles,
and estate whatsoever of the said John, Duke of Atholl, should,
from and after his death, descend, and come to, and be held and
enjoyed, by the said James Murray, Esq. and his issue, in such
-manner as the same would have descended, and come to, and
been enjoyed by him and them, in case the said William Murray
had not been attainted of treason, and had died without issue in

EARL STRANGE. 299

ihe lifetime of the said John, Duke of Atholl. Accordingly, by
virtue of the said act of parliament, his son the said James Mur-
ray, did succeed his father in titles, honours, and estate in the
year 1724.

His Grace first married Lady Catharine Hamilton, eldest
daughter of William and Anne, Duke and Duchess of Hamilton,
a lady of incomparable prudence, and a singular example of
virtue and piety 5 by whom he had issue six sons and one daugh-
ter j viz.

John, styled Marquis of Tullibardine, who was a youth of
great hopes, and unfortunately killed at the battle of Malplaquet,
near Mons, August 31st, 1/09, to the great affliction of all his
noble relations.

William, Marquis of Tullibardine, who was attainted as above-
mentioned, but made his escape into France; however, he re-
turned into Scotland with an handful of Spanish forces in the year
1719, and made his escape a second time after their defeat at
Glenshiel. He was the principal of the seven attendants, who
accompanied the young Chevalier into Scotland, in 1745; and
taking possession of his paternal estate, raised the followers of his
family, assuming to himself the title of Duke of Atholl, by virtue
of a patent he had received some years before from the old Che-
valier, and acted as oldest Lieutenant-General in that rebellion;
but after the battle of Culloden, in 1746, he was taken prisoner
in Argyleshire, and committed to the Tower of London, where
he died the next year.

James, the third son, succeeded his father as Duke of Atholl.

Lord Charles, the fourth son, having also engaged in the Earl
of Mar's rebellion, was taken prisoner at Preston j and having
been an officer in his Majesty's army, and not delivered up his
commission before he embarked in that enterprize, was tried and
condemned as a deserter, but obtained a reprieve, and died a few
years after unmarried.

Lord George Murray, the fifth son, served as Colonel under
his eldest brother in 1715, and accompanied him from Spain to
Scotland in 1719. In -1745,* he acted as second Lieutenant-
General, and displayed the talents of an able officer and faithful
partizan. Being attainted after the battle of Culloden, he con-
cealed himself until he found an opportunity to escape to the
continent. Having visited Rome, Paris, &c. he retired to North
Holland, where he died on October 15th, 176O. His Lordship

* Sec Home's History of the Rebellion.

300 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

married Emilia, daughter and heiress of Murray, of Strowea

and Glencarse, by whom he had three sons and two daughters;
viz. John, late Duke of Atholl: James, who was Governor of
Fort- William, in Scotland; made a Lieutenant-General in 1793;
jnd died March 19th, 17£)4; having been M. P. for Perthshire,
from 1774 to his death: George, an Admiral R.N. born 1738,
died October 17th, 1797» having married Wilhelmina, daughter
of Thomas, fifth Lord King : she died S.P. December 28th, 1795;
Emilia, married, first, to John,, Lord Sinclair; and, secondly, to
James Ferquharson, of Invercauld, Esq. : and Charlotte, who died
Aug. 3d, 1773, unmarried.

Lord Basil Murray, the sixth son, died young.

Lady Susan, married William Gordon, second Earl of Aber-
deen.

His Grace married to his second wife, Mary, daughter of Wil-
liam, Lord Ross of Haukhead, by whom he had two sons and a
daughter, viz.

Lord John Murray, who taking to a military life, was appointed
Colonel of the 42d or royal Highland regiment of foot, on April
25th, 1745; promoted to the rank of Lieutenant-General on May
21st, 1754; to that of Major-General on February lrjth, 1755;
and advanced to the rank of General on April 30th, 1770. He
married on September 14th, 1/58, Miss Dalton, of Banners-Cross,
near Sheffield, in Yorkshire. He died May 23d, 1787.

Lord Frederick, who was a Captain in the Navy, and died un-
married.

Lady Mary, who married James Ogilvie, Lord Deskford, after-
wards Earl of Findlater and Seafield.

His Grace departed this life on November 14th, 1724, and was
succeeded in titles and estate (according to the before-mentioned
act) by his son

James, second Duke of Atholl, who in 1712, was appointed a
Captain in the first regiment of foot-guards ; in 171 8> Lieutenant-
Colonel of the Royal Scots, or first regiment of foot ; and was
elected member for the county of Perth, in the first and second
parliaments of King George first. His Grace, in 1733, was made
Lord Privy Seal for Scotland, and was the same year elected one
of the sixteen Peers of Scotland, in the room of John, Earl of
Sutherland, deceased. His Grace was also returned to next par-
liament of Great Britain, summoned to meet on June 13th, 1734,
but James, Earl of Derby, dying on February 1st, 1735-fJ, with-
out issue, his Grace became heir of line and at law to that most

EARL STRANGE. 301

noble and illustrious family:1 but though the estate, and the titit
of Earl of Derby descended to Sir Edward Stanley, the heir male,
yet his Grace the Duke of Atholl succeeded to the Lordship of
Man and the Isles, together with the dignity of a Baron of Eng-
land, by the title of Baron Strange. In the case as set forth in
the petition to his Majesty, by his Grace James, Duke of Atholl,
Lord of Man and the Isles, claiming the Barony of Strange, it
makes mention, That his Majesty King Henry VII. in the first
year of his reign, created Thomas, Lord Stanley, Earl of Derby;
that the same title and dignity came by male descent to Ferdi-
nando, Earl of Derby, who left three daughters and no son; that
the title and dignity of Earl of Derby came to William, brother
to the said Ferdinando, as heir male of the body of the said Tho-
mas, but the said William was never seised of the title or dignity
of a Baron j that James, Earl of Derby, the Duke's ancestor,
whose heir he is, eldest son of the sajd William, was summoned
to parliament in the third year of the reign of King Charles I. as
a Baron, the writ being directed, " Jacoho Strange Chevalier"
and being also summoned to several parliaments in the said King's
reign, sat and voted by the said title of Lord Strange, in the life-
time of the said William, Earl of Derby, his father; that upon
the death of the said William, Earl of Derby, the said James*,
Lord Strange succeeded to the title and dignity of Earl of Derby,
find died -seised thereof to him and the heirs male of the body of
the said Thomas, Earl of Derby, and of the title and dignity of
Lord Strange to him and his heirs ; that the said tit je and dignity of
Lord Strange, came by male descent to the late Earl of Derby,
who died without issue in the month of February 1735; that the
Duke of Atholl, the petitioner, is cousin and next heir to the said
late Earl of Derby, and great grandson and sole heir of the said
James, Lord Strange, afterwards Earl of Derby, and consequently
entitled to the dignity of a Baron, created by writ of summons,
in virtue of which the said Lord Strange sat and voted in Parlia-
ment. These points of fact were so fully proved, and the point
of law so clearly established, that the authorities could not be
controverted, and therefore the House of Peers allowed the Duke's
claim to the peerage, by the title ©f Lord Strange, as great grand-
son to James,, Lord Strange and Earl of Derby, who was created
by writ of summons in the year 1027-8, and whose heir the said
Duke of Atholl was. In consequence of this determination, his

* Viz. to William, tixth Earl of Deiby; not to h's elder broth r, Ferdinands,
fifth Earl.

S02 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

Grace took his seat in the House of Peers, on March 14th, 1736-7,
as Lord Strange, with precedence according to fhe writ of sum-
mons to his great grandfather, the aforementioned Lord Strange,
February 13th, 1627-8, 3 Car. I.

His Grace having resigned the Privy Seal, was on April l6th,
1763, constituted Keeper of the Great Seal of Scotland j which
high office he enjoyed till his death, which happened on January
8th, 1764.

His Grace was first married in 1726, to Jane, daughter of Sir
John Frederick, of Westminster, Bart, and widow of James
Lanoy, Esq. only son and heir of SirTimothy Lanoy, of Hammer-
smith, in Middlesex, Knt. and by her Grace (who died on June
13th, 1748, aged fifty-five), had two sons of the name of James,
who both died youngj and two daughters, Lady Jane, who mar-
ried to John Lindsey, Earl of Crawford, but died without issue;
and Lady Charlotte, married in October, 1753, to her cousin,
John Murray (afterwards Duke "of Atholl), eldest son of Lord
George Murray, fifth son of John, the first Duke of Atholl.

His Grace wedded, secondly, in \7^9> Jane, daughter of John
Drummond, of Megginch, Esq. but had no issue by her ; and
her Grace was, secondly, married, on September 2d, 1767, to
Lord Adam Gordon, son of Alexander, fourth Duke of Gordon.

His Grace dying without male issue, the Barony of Strange, to-
gether with the Isle of Man, as also the Castle and Peele, and all
the isles adjacent j likewise all the regalities, franchises, and
rights thereunto belonging, and patronage of the Bishopric (as
held of the King, his heirs and successors, by homage, and the
service of two falcons on the day of their coronation j), devolved
upon his only surviving daughter and heiress,

Charlotte, the late Baroness Strange, who, as above ob-
served, married, in October 1753, her cousin, John Murray," who
on the death of James, second Duke of Atholl, succeeded to the
titles of Duke, Earl, and Marquis of Atholl, of Marquis and
Earl of Tullihardine, of Earl of Strathsay and Strathardle, of
Viscount of Balquhidder, Glenalmond, and Glenlyon} Lord Mur-
ray, Balveny, Gash, tic. For the said James, Duke of Atholl,
apprehending that by the words of the former act of parliament,
it might be doubtful whether upon failure of his Grace and the
heirs male of his body, the honours, titles, and estate would con-
tinue in the family, and descend to the late Duke's other sons
(his Grace's brothers), and whether his Grace, and his issue and

» Son of Lord George, who was attainted and djed 15th October, 1760.

EARL STRANGE. 303

heirs male of the late Duke of Atholl, might take, use, and enjoy
any title and estate that might descend or come to him or them
by collateral descent, as they would have done or might do, if
William Murray, commonly called Marquis of Tullibardine, had
not been attainted,, and had died without issue in the late Duke's
lifetime j thereupon his Grace went up to Court, and laid his
case before his Majesty, praying that a bill might be brought into
parliament, to amend and explain the former act, for vesting the
honours and estate of the house of Atholl, in his Grace's own
person j which at the humble suit and request of the Duke was
allowed to be brought in, and an act passed thereon by the King's
most excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of
the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons in Parliament
assembled, and by the authority of the same, that the attainder of
William Murray, called Marquis of Tullibardine, shall not ex-
tend, or be construed to extend, to prevent any descent of honour
or estate to James, Duke of Atholl, and his issue, or to any of
the issue or heirs male of John, late Duke of Atholl (other than
the said William Murray, and his issue)} but that all honours,
titles, and estates whatsoever, shall and may descend, and come
to, and be held and enjoyed by him and them, as in case the said
William Murray had not been attainted, and had died without
issue in the lifetime of John, the late Duke, his father.

The said John, third Duke of Atholl, and the said Charlotte,
Baroness Strange, had issue six sons, and four daughters;
viz.

1. John, the present Duke.

2. James, born December 5th, 1757} and died in April, 177°.

3. George, born in January 1759} and died in the same year.

4. Lord George, born January 20th, 1761, many years Rector
of Hunton, Kent} Lord Bishop of St. David's, 1602} died June
3d, 1803, having married, December, 178O, Anne, daughter of
General Grant, and had issue: 1. John, born November 10th,
1786. 2. George. 3. Charlotte. 4. Charles. 5. Caroline-
Leonora. 6. A son, born October 4th, 1796. 7. Another son,
born October 20th, 1797.

5. Lord William, born March 20th, 1762} and died Decem-
ber 29th, 17Q5, having married June 14th, 1789, Miss Hodges,
and had issue a son, born March 25th, 179O, who died in May,
1792.

6. Lady Amelia, born July 3d, 1763 ; married, February 24th,
I789» Thomas-Ive Cooke, Esq. and had issue; and after his

304 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

death she married, secondly, July 2d, 1796, Sir Richard Gamon,
Bart, by whom she had a daughter, born April J 1th, 3797, and
died 1800.

7. Lady Jane, born December 2d, 1764; married in 1785, Mr.
Muirhead.

8. Lord Henry, born June 13th, 1767, and died December 3d*
1605, having married, December 8th, 1786, Miss Kent, daughter
of Richard Kent, Esq. and had issue, besides other children, a
daughter, born September, 1797*

9. Lady Mary, born January, 1769; married, in 1787, the
Rev. Mr. Martin, and has issue a son, born, born November 8th,
1782; another son, born October 8th, 1796.

10. Charles, in Holy Orders, Dean of Bocking, born April 21st,
1771 ; married, on June 18th, 1793, Miss Aynsley, of Littleharle
Tower, in Northumberland; and his Lordship, by his Majesty.*
permission, took the name of Aynesley, and had issue a daughter,
born April 8th, 1794; a son, born June 2d, 1795; and a son,
born November 29th, 1799. His Lordship died May 5th, 1808.

His Grace died at his seat at Blair/ in Scotland, on November
5th, 1774, and his Duchess, October 13th, 1805; and were suc-
ceeded in titles and estate by their eldest son,

John, fourth and present Duke of Atholl, and first Earl
Strange; and (in right of his mother), Baron Strange.

His Grace was born on June 30th, 1755. On December 26th,
1774, his Grace married Jane, daughter of Charles, ninth Lord
Cathcart, and by her (who died September 4th, 179O), he has
Usue,

1. Charlotte, born Ocober 23d, 1775; married, March 4th,
1797, Sir John Menzies, Bart, since deceased; and married, se-
condly, May 28th, 1801, Captain James Drummond, of Strath-
allan, a Captain in the Royal Navy.

2. Mary-Louisa, born December llth, 177^} arjd died in June

1777.

3. John, Marquis of Tullibardine, born June 26th, 1778.

4. Amelia-Sophia, born July 5th, 178O.

5. James, Lieut-Colonel Commandant of the Royal Manx Fen-
cibles, born May 29th, 1782.

6. Another son, born September llth, 1783, who died in Feb-
ruary, 1793.

7. A daughter, born April 19th, 1787*

8. Edward, born October 15th, 1788; died March 15th, 1795.

x See an affecting account of his death in Gilpin's Northern Tour.

y

EARL STRANGE. 305

His Grace married, secondly, March llth, 1794, the Hon.
Margery Forbes, daughter of James, Lord Forbes, relict of Lord
Macleod, by whom he has

A daughter, born in 1795, who died an infant.

A son, born January, 1799-

His Grace is Lord of the Isle of Man,v Lord Lieutenant of
Perthshire, Keeper of Falkland, K.T. and F.R.S.

Titles. John Murray, Baron Strange, Earl Strange, and Lord
of Man and the Isles.— Also Duke and Marquis of Atholl, Earl
of Tullibardine, Viscount Glenalmond, Lord Murray. Scotch
honours.

Creation. Baron Strange, by writ of summons to Parliament,
February 13th, 1 627-8, 3 Cha. I.j Earl Strange by letters patent,
August 8th, 1786.

Arms. Quarterly, the first quarter, Azure, three mullets Ar-
gent, within a double tressure, flowered and counter-flowered
with Fleur-de-lis, Or, for Murray 5 second quarter, Gules, three
legs in armour proper, conjoined at the upper part of the thighs,
flexed in triangles, garnished and spurred Or, for the Isle of Man 5
third quarter, quarterly 1st and 4th Argent on a bend Azure, three
stags heads caboshed, Or, for Stanley; 2d and 3d Gules, two
lions passant Argent, for Strange j fourth quarter, quarterly the
1st and 4th, Or, a Fess cheeky Argent and Azure for Stuart; the
2d and 3d, Paley of 6, Or and Sable, for the title of Atholl.

y By a late act of parliament, his Grace has received an additional remunera-
tion for the sale of the sovereignty of the Isle of Man.

TOL. V,

300

PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

EDGCUMBE EARL MOUNT-EDGCUMBE.

This family, denominated from the manor of Eggecomb, Ege-
comb, and Edgecomb (as it has been variously written in former
records), in the parish of Cheriton Fitz-Pain, near Crediton, has
been of great antiquity in Devonshire j and in that a church is
Edgecomb's isle, adorned with divers coats of arms belonging to
the family.

But in the reign of King Edward III. William de Eggecomb b
taking to wife Hillaria, daughter and heir of William de Cote-
hele, of Cotehele, in the county of Cornwall, chiefly resided
there. It is now wrote Cuttail, and is separated from Devonshire
only by the breadth of the river Tamer. In 1378, the said Wil-
liam de Eggecomb, writing himself of Cotehele, in Cornwall,0
granted lands in Middleton to the convent of Tavistock, in De-
vonshire. He died 1380, and left issue by her

William Edgecomb, Esq, who married the daughter and heir

pf Densetj he had a grant, in 6 Henry V. with Robert

~Hethe,d of the custody of the lead-mines, with the silver ore
therein, which were in Devonshire. He left issue,

Peter Edgecomb, Esq. who in e 12 Henry VI. was returned
among the chief of the county of Devon, who made oath for
themselves, and retainers, to observe the laws then existing. By
his wife, Elizabeth, daughter and heir of Richard Holland, Esq.
he was father of Sir Richard Edgecomb, Knt.

Which Sir Richard was a person of great note in the reigns of

* Prince's Worthies of Devon, p. a8l.
t> MS. de Cornub. penes Ric. Dom. Edgecumbe.
c Deeds, &c. in Collect. Guil. Pole. <* Rot. Fin. 6. Hen. V. m, 6.

• Fuller's Worthies, p. 267.

EARL MOUNT-EDGCUMBE. 307

King Edward IV. Richard III. and Henry VII. In 7 Edw. IV.
fhe served in parliament for Tavistock, in Devonshire j and in
the same year s was escheator of the county of Cornwall j an of-
fice in those times of great trust. But when Richard III. had
(as is generally supposed), put to death his nephews, King Ed*
Ward V. and the Duke of York, he, detesting his tyranny and
cruelty, appeared in arms on that rising of Henry Stafford, Duke
of Buckingham, who, not ) sing able to join his friends in the.
West (where an army was raised to assist him), and being forced
to fly, was taken and beheaded. After which, those forces in
Devonshire and Cornwall dispersed j and King Richard11 causing
divers to be apprehended (some whereof were executed at Exeter),
this Sir Richard Edgecomb very narrowly escaped. He concealed
himself1 for some time in those woods that overlook the river
Tamer, which belonged to his house at Cuttailj and being hotly
pursued, and narrowly searched for, extremity taught him a sud-
den policy to deceive his. pursuers. He put stones in his cap, and
tumbling them into the water, those who were at his heels hear-
ing the noise, and seeing the cap swimming, supposed he had
desperately drowned himself, and gave over the pursuit. He had
the good fortune soon* after to get into Britany, to the Earl of
Richmond,k with Peter Courtenay, Bishop of Exeter, Sir Edward
Courtenay, his brother, and others j and was among the chief of
those which the Earl of Richmond consulted with, in order to his
expedition into England: and behaving himself with great valour
and intrepidity atBosworth, on Aug. 22d, 1485, where Richard III.
was slain,1 he was knighted in the field of battle.

When the said Earl of Richmond, by that decisive victory at
Bosworth, became King by the name of Henry VII. he was not
\inmindful of Sir Richard Edgecomb, who had ventured his life
and fortune in his service. He immediately made him Comp-
troller of his household, and a member of his privy-council. Also
on June 7th, I486, the first year of his reign, ' in consideration™
(as expressed in the patent), of the good and acceptable services
of his beloved and faithful servant, Sir Richard Eggecombe, Knt.
heretofore performed, as well in foreign parts as in England, and
which he still continues to perform/ he grants to him and his

t Willis's Not. Pari. Vol. II. p. 35a. g Rot. Fin. 7 Edw. IV. m.

h Stow's Annals, p. 466, 467. ' Prince's Worthies, praed.

k Stow, p. 466.
1 Ibid. p. ,571. & MS. sub Effig. Claudius, c. 3. p, 10, in Bibl. Cotton*
n Pat. 1 Henry VII. p. 3.

30S PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

heirs, the castle, honour, lordship, and the manor of Totness 5
and the lordship and manor of Cornworthy; the manors of Huishe
and Lodeswelle, with their members and appurtenances; toge-
ther with all rents, which were John Lord Zouch's, in Huishe,
and Lodeswelle ; and all the messuages, lands, &c. which were
the said John's in Totness, Cornworthy, Huishe, and Lodeswelle,
aforesaid; and in North Moulton, in com. Devon ; together with
the knights fees, advowson, &c. And further grants to the said
Sir Richard the manor of Ridlington, in Rutlandshire, which was
Francis Viscount Lovel's, &:c.

These accessions to his estate brought to his remembrance the
providence of God,* in his happy deliverance from the tyranny of
Richard III. and therefore he was so piously disposed, that he
built a chapel in the same place" where he concealed himself;
the ruins whereof still remained, as is observed by Sir William
Pole, a curious antiquary in Devonshire.

On December 5th, 1485/ the King, most fully confident in the
loyalty, care, and industry, of Sir Richard Edgecomb, Knt. Comp-
troller of his household, and one of his Privy Council, appoints
him, with John Arundel, dean of St. Peter's church, in Exeter,
and of his Privy Council, and John Badiswell, LL.D. Clerk of
the Council, to meet and treat with all captains, lieutenants, offi-
cers, persons paying tribute, or inhabitants, in the town of Calais,
tower of Risebank, tower and castle of Guynes, castle of Hammes,
and marches thereof, relating to all matters concerning the crown
of England, in the said places, and to admit all persons therein to
their allegiance.

In the statute of resumptions, made in the first year of King
Henry VII. there is an exception, that the same shall not extend
to Sir Richard Eggecomb, Knt. ' for the offices of feodary of the
duchy of Cornwall, the constableship of the castle of Launceston
in Cornwall, and of the castle of Hertford, and manor of Bushey,
in the county of Hertford.'

In I487p he was Sheriff of Devonshire; and that year brought
aid to the King at the battle of Stoke, near Newark, on June
16th, where John, Earl of Lincoln, the Lord Lovel, and their
adherents, were vanquished. After which, the King removing
to Lincoln, and from thence into Yorkshire, came about the
middle of August to Newcastle upon Tyne ; where, as Stow

n Sir William Pole's Cat. of famous Statesmen, MS.
• Rymers Foedera, Vol. XII. p. 279. r Fuller's Worthies, p. 270.

EARL MOUNT-EDGCUMBE. 309

writes/* he sent Richard Fox, Bishop of Winchesser (Lord Privy-
Seal), and Sir Richard Edgecomb, Knt. Comptroller of his house,
ambassadors into Scotland, to conclude a peace, or truce, with
James TIL King of that realm. The English ambassadors were
honourably received by the Scottish Monarch, but as the Scots
were averse to the proposed terms of peace, could only obtain a
truce for seven years ; and the King staid at Newcastle till their
return.

He was afterwards sent into Ireland, e being a person of sin-
gular prudence' (as Sir James Ware observes, in his Annals of
Ireland, p. 10), to administer the oaths of allegiance and obedi-
ence, as well to the nobility, gentry, and prime officers, as to the
commonalty of the realm ; and brought over with him 500 armed
men.

Among the manuscripts in the Cotton Library, is a journal of
his expedition, containing many particulars unobserved by our
historians, both of England and Ireland. Therefore I shall recite
the most material parts of the said Journal, which Mr. Anstis,
late Garter King of Arms, believed to be written by himself.

On June 23d, 1488, Sir Richard Eggecomb, Knt. took ship-
ping at Mount's-bay, in Cornwall, in the x\nne of Foway, and
arrived at Kingsale the 27th. He landed there 28th June, at the
request of the Lord Courcy, and of the portreve, who delivered
him the keys of the town in the King's name, and he then gave
them the King's pardon, and took the oaths of allegiance and
fealty of the Lord Thomas Parry. The same night he embarked
and sailed towards Develyn [Dublin], and the 29th crossed the
seas, the wind being contrary.

30th June, at six in the morning, he arrived at Waterford, and
landed in the afternoon, where the mayor and worshipful men
honourably received him, and he lodged at the mayor's house.

1st July, the mayor had him about the city, shewed him the
walls and reparations, and then went to the Guildhall, where the
council was assembled, and there the mayor shewed him the
state of the city, and the disposition of divers great men, and of
the common people ; telling him, he understood that he had
brought with him the King's pardon for the Earl of Kildare, al-
ways an enemy to their city. At night he went on board, and
put to sea, July 2d, sailing towards Develyn, the wind con-
trary.

3d July, with great difficulty, and tempestuous sea, he made
1 Annals, p. 273, a and b.

810 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

Lambay island, on the coast of Develyn, and sent a man on shore>
to inquire for the Bishop of Clocornen, or Thomas Dartas, or
Richard the King's porter, with an intent to notify his arrival,
and to have knowledge of the disposition of the country, and of
his sure coming to land.

4th July, Thomas Dartas came on board Sir Richard, and told
him the Earl of Kildare was gone on pilgrimage, hut that he
would be there in four or live days, and desired him to stay at
Develyn in the mean season, to take his ease.

5 th July, Sir Richard landed at Malehide, where he was re-
ceived by Mr. Talbot, who made him good cheer j and in the
afternoon, the Bishop of Meath, and others, came to him, and
accompanied him to Develyn, where the mayor, and principal
persons of the city, received him at the Black-Friers gate ; and
they lodged him in the said Friers.

6th July, Sir Richard waited for the Earl of Kildare, and other
Lords of Ireland, coming to him,

7th and 8th July, he continued there, preparing matters he
had to deliver to the Lords ; and the Archbishop of Develyn came
to him.

9th, the Bishop of. Cloncornen, and the Treasurer of Ireland,
came to him to his lodgings.

10th July, he still waited for the Earl of Kildare's arrival
there, as he did the 11th to his great costs.

12th July, the Earl of Kildare came to St. Thomas's convent,
within the walls of Develyn, with 200 horses, and sent the Bi-
shop of Meath, and the Baron of Slaa, with divers others, to Sir
Richard, who conveyed him to the Earl, where in a great cham-
ber, he received and welcomed him. Howbeit, Sir Richard made
not reverence to him, and the Lords there assembled j but openly
delivered the Earl the King's letters, which being read, they all
went to a privy chamber, where he declared his message from the
King, and the cause of his coming; but divers of the Lords being
absent, they took five days to answer ; and that night the Earl
went to his place called Mayoneth, 1 2 miles from Develyn, and
Sir Richard continued in his lodgings.

13th July, Sir Richard went to Christ-church, and there caused
the Bishop of Meath to declare, as well the pope's bull of ac-
cursing, and the absolution for the same as the King's pardon to
such as would do their duty j and that day the Archbishop of De-
velyn, Bishop of Meath, and divers great men^ dined with Sir
Richard at his lodgings.

EARL MOUNT-EDGCUMBE. 311

Monday, 14th Jul/, Sir Richard, at the request of the Earl of
Kildare, went to Mayoneth, where the Earl entertained him with
good cheer, .promising to conform in all things to the King's
pleasure, so as to content the mind of Sir Richard.

15th July, he continued with the Earl, where came the chief
of the Lords, and others of the council, and had great communi-
cations, but nothing was done that day, and Sir Richard was put
off till the next day.

Wednesday, l6th July, Sir Richard expected that the Earl
would have done as was agreed over night j but he the said Earl,
and his council, made unreasonable delays, which displeased Sir
Richard, who plainly and sharply told them of their unfitting de-
meanor. And that day the Earl, with the Lords and council, and
Sir Richard, came again to Develyn.

Thursday, 1 7th July, the Earl and other Lords, held a great
council at St. Thomas's convent, where they agreed to become
the King's true subjects, as they saidj and would give sureties, as
could be devised by the King's laws, but would not assent to the
bond of Nisi j and certain of the said council came three or four
times that day to Sir Richard, and required him to leave off call-
ing for the bond ; with which he not complying, and giving short
answers, angry words arose that day, so no conclusion was taken.
The same day, the Lord Gormanston dined with Sir Richard at
his lodgings.

Friday, 18th July, the Earl of Kildare and council assembled,
and in the afternoon gave Sir Richard for answer, that they would
in no wise be bound in the said bond of Nisi, and rather than do
it, they would become Yryshe every of them. The said Sir Ri-
chard hearing that the common voice in Develyn, and all the
country, was, that the King of Scots was dead 5 and considering
the danger of leaving them in their erroneous opinion, he at last
condescended, that the Earl of Kildare, and all the Lords of the
land, should be sworn on the sacrament, for their assurance
unto the King, in such form as should be devised by the said Sir
Richard) and that night Sir Richard devised as sure an oath as he
could.

Saturday, 10th July, Sir Richard sent to the said Earl, and
council, the oath ; who made great questions and doubts thereon.
So in the afternoon Sir Richard went in person to them 3 but they
making great delays, came to no conclusion.

Sunday, 20th July, the Earl and council agreed to be sworn
upon the holy sacrament, to be the King's true. liegemen, from

312 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

thenceforth, according to the oath agreed on between them and
Sir Richard, which was to be certified to the King under their
seals; and offered to be sworn in the afternoon 3 to which Sir
Richard would not consent, but would have them be sworn in
the forenoon, and that a chaplain of his own should consecrate the
host as they should be sworn upon; and so deferred it to the next
day. At night the Treasurer of Ireland, and Lord Gormanston,
supped with Sir Richard.

Monday, 21st July, Sir Richard went, at the desire of the Earl
of Kildare, to the monastery of St. Thomas the Martyr, where
the Lords and council were assembled; and in the great chamber,
called the King's chamber, Sir Richard took first homage of the
said Earl, and of other Lords. After which, the said E irl went
into another chamber, where Sir Richard's chaplain was at mass;
and in mass time the said Earl was shriven, and assoiled, from
the curse he stood in by virtue of the Pope's bull, and, before the
agues of the said mass, the host was divided in three parts; and
the priest turning about, holding the three parts upon the patten,
in the presence of many, the Earl, holding his right hand over
the host, made his solemn oath of allegiance to King Henry the
Seventh; and likewise the Bishops and Lords. All which being
done, the Earl, with the said Sir Richard, Bishops, and Lords,
went into the church of the said monastery, and in the choir the
Archbishop of Develyn began Te Deum, and the choir, with the
organs, sung it up solemnly; and all the bells in the church did
ring; which done, the Earl, and greatest part of the Lords, went
with Sir Richard, and dined with him, and had much good cheer.
Sir Richard, at the said Earl's homage, put a collar of the King's
livery about his neck, which he wore throughout the said city of
Develyn.

Tuesday, 22d July, Sir Richard went, about nine of the bell in
the morning, to the Guildhall within the city, where the mayor,
bailiffs, and commonalty, were assembled; and they were sworn
to the King, according to such form as they have certified under
their common seal.

Wednesday, 23 d July, Sir Richard, about eight of the bell,
went to the Earl of Kildare, to a place of canons, called All-
Hallows, within Develyn ; and there had a long communication
with him and his council; and after dinner Sir Richard rode
24 miles, thence to Drogheda.

Thursday, 24th July, Sir Richard took fealty of the mayor
and town of Drogheda, in the Guildhall, and took sureties for

EARL MOUNT-EDGCUMBE. 313

their good abiding towards the King; and delivered to them the
King's pardon; and lay all that day in the town, and had good
cheer.

Friday, 25th July, Sir Richard rode to Trymme, and took fealty
of the portreve, burgesses, and commonalty of the same.

Saturday, 26th July, Sir Richard returned to his lodgings, in
the Black-Friers in Develyn.

Sunday, 27th July, he dined with the Recorder of Develyn,
and had a great dinner 5 at which was present the Archbishop of
Develyn.

Monday, 28th July, he continued at Develyn, waiting the
coming of the Earl of Kildare, and of the Lords, to have their
letters, and certificates, to the King; for Sir Richard would in no
wise deliver to the Earl the pardon, till he had delivered the afore-
said certificate and obligation.

Tuesday, 29th July, the Earl of Kildare, and Lords spiritual
and temporal, come to All- Hallows priory within Develyn; to
whom Sir Richard came, and had with them long communica-
tion; and understanding that certain persons, noted to be the
chief causes of the great rebellion lately in Ireland, and Justice
Plunket, and the Prior of Kilmaynam, to be among the chiefs ;
thereupon great instances were made by the said Earl, and Lords
to receive them to the King's grace, which Sir Richard refused.
And that day the Earl, and Sir Richard, and many other Lords,
dined with Walter Yvers, and in the afternoon they met at St.
Mary's abbey, without Develyn; where Sir Richard took the
fealty and homage of many gentlemen; and the Archbishop of
Armagh came to Sir Richard's lodging, and made both his fealty
and homage.

Wednesday, 30th July, the said Earl, Sir Richard, and the
Lords spiritual and temporal, met at our Lady church of the
Daines, in Develyn; and great instance was made, to Sir Richard,
to accept of Justice Plunket and the Prior of Kilmaynam's sub-
mission to the King's grace: the said Sir Richard answered sharply,
that he knew better the King's commands and instructions than
they; and gave the Justice, and Prior, fearful and terrible words,
insomuch that the said Earl and Lords, would give no reply, but
kept their peace; and after the great ire past, the said Earl and
Lords laboured with such fair means and prorlers, as Sir Richard
agreed to admit Justice Plunket to the King's grace, and took his
homage and fealty; but refused the Prior of Kilmaynam unto the
King's grace. And then departing unto his lodging, he took

314 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

with him divers judges, and other noblemen, and went to the
castle of Develyn, and there put in possession Richard Archibell,
the King's servant, into the office of constable of the said castle ;
which the King's grace had given unto him by his letters patents ;
from the which office, the said Prior of Kilmaynam had wrong-
fully kept the said Richard, by the space of two years, and more.
And before he departed out of the said church of Daines, the said
Earl of Kildare delivered to the said Sir Richard, both his certifi-
cate, upon his oath, under the seal of his arms, as also the obli-
gation of his sureties. And there the said Sir Richard, in the
presence of all the Lords, delivered unto him the King's pardon,
under his great seal, in the presence of all the Lords ; and there
took his leave of the said Earl, and Lords spiritual and temporal.
And that day, after dinner, the said Sir Richard departed out of
Develyn, to a place called Dalcay, six. miles from Develyn, where
his ships lay. And the Archbishop of Develyn, Justice Ber-
myngham, and the Recorder of Develyn, with many other nobles,
brought him thither; and that night he took his ship, and lay at
Rode all that night, the wind being contrarious unto him ; and
the ships so lay, that he could not get into them without peril.

Thursday, the last day of July, the ships were gotten out of
the said road, and because the wind was contrarious, he could
make no sail 3 and that night lay beside a place called Houthe.

Friday, the first day of August, the wind being still contra-
rious, the said Sir Richard caused the master and mariners to take
sail, and traversed in the sea till it was about four of the clock at
afternoon : and the wind began to rise, being still contrarious, so
that he was fain to return again to a road called Lambrye, an
island about ten miles from Develyn, and there lay all night.

Saturday, the second day of August, such an huge and great
tempest arose, that no sail might be made, the wind being still
contrarious.

Sunday, the third day of August, the aforesaid tempest en-
dured still, and the aforesaid Sir Richard lay that day about the
aforesaid isle; and there he and his company avowed great pil-
grimages, that God would cease the tempest, and send a fair and
a large wind.

Monday, the fourth day of August, the aforesaid tempest en-
dured still; and at afternoon, that day, the wind began to come
large; but it blew so much, and the coasts were so jeopardous of
sands and rocks, that the same night the mariners durst not jeo-
pard to take the sea, but lay still at anchor about the said isle.

EARL MOUNT-EDGCUMBE. 315

Tuesday, in the morning, the fifth day of August, the said Sir
Richard made sail, and sailed a kenning, and more, into the sea;
and the wind began to come so contrarious, and so many great
damages were on every side, that he was fain to go again to the
said isle of Lambrye. And that day, at afternoon, the wind be-
gan to come large, and incontinent; the said Sir Richard caused
sail to be made, and all that afternoon sailed on his way; and at
night the wind calmed, and came again contrarious, and therefore
came to an anchor in the open sea, and there lay all night.

Wednesday, the sixth day of August, the wind being contra-
rious, the said Sir Richard caused the master, and mariners, to
traverse in the sea homeward ; and with great pain that day came
against a rock, called Tuskard, and there lay at anchor all that
night in the open sea; and the wind blew right sore, and was
right troublesome weather.

Thursday, the seventh of August, the wind came reasonably
large, and that day the said Sir Richard sailed, till he came open
upon Seynt Yves in Cornwall ; and because the wind fell, the
master, and mariners, durst not venture to pass by the great sea,
and perilous jeopardies, at the Land's End. And therefore all the
night they traversed in the sea; and that night many sudden
showers and winds fell.

Friday, the eighth day of August* the wind and the sea being
troublous, the said Sir Richard and his ships came into the ha-
ven of Fowey, and there he landed, and went a pilgrimage to a
a chapel of Seynt Savyour; and that night all his company
landed.

The title of the manuscript (Titus, b. 11, in the Cotton Li-
brary), from whence this was taken, is, ' Original Letters and
Papers concerning Ireland, until the end of Edward VI. and
Queen Mary.' Sir Richard Edgecumb is styled Privy -counsel-
lor, and Comptroller of the household, to the King. In the same
manuscript a farther account is given of the names of those in
Ireland who took the oath; the recognizances of the Lords spiri-
tual and temporal; the certificates; the oath of fidelity and alle-
giance; the oath devised by the Lord Chancellor for the Earl of
Kildare ; the homage they performed ; the Lords of Ireland cer-
tificates to the King on their taking to oaths, and doing allegiance
and homage; the recognizance, in a large penalty, to observe
their oath of fealty and allegiance; the bond and condition; the
condition for the towns corporate; the bond Nisi; and the oath

316 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

that at last the Earl of Kildare, and the other Lords spiritual and
temporal, took.

And so parsimonious was the King, that r Sir Richard Edge-
comb had only 3001 sterling allowed him for his costs and ex-
penses into and from the said kingdom.

On November lfjth, 1488, 4 Henry VII. at a chapter held in
the palace of Westminster, hes was in nomination for a Knight
of the most noble br&et of the Garter, and had the suffrages of the
Duke of Bedford, the Lord Chamberlain, .the Lord Dawbeny,
and the Lord Denham; but Sir John Savage* was chosen. The
same year he was, by commission bearing date December i 1th,
4th Henry VII. in consideration of his loyalty, industry, fore-
Sight, and care, appointed, with Henry Aynsworth, LL.D. secon-
dary in the office of privy seal, to treat with Anne, Duchess of
Britanny, about a truce, cessation of arms, alliance, and trade.
Also, on December 23d following, the King reciting, that by ad-
vice of his council, he was sending an army into Britanny for its
relief, he therefore, in full confidence of Sir Richard's loyalty and
care,u was commanded, with Edward, Earl of Devonshire, Lord
Willoughby of Broke, and Thomas Granvile, Esq. to summon
and examine what number of archers, armed and arrayed at the
King's expence, the county of Cornwall could provide 3 and to
article with them for the service, and to review them, and to
commit to writing the names of the said noblemen, knights, and
others, and the number of the archers they are to find, and to
certify the King thereof before the Quindenes of Hilary next.

It is certain that he went over into Britanny, and before his
voyage made his last will and testament, which bears datex at
Penryn, the Friday before St. John Baptist's day, in the fourth
year of King Henry the Seventh j the preamble whereof I shall
recite literatim : f First, I bequeath my sowle to allmighty God,
beseeching the blessedful Virgin Mary, his moder, to be a meane
unto his moost benygn grace, to shew his moest petyfull grace
and mercy to my sowle. And myn in especiall good maister,
Seint Thomas of Caunterbury, to be a rememberer, unto hir for
the same.' He bequeaths to his cousin Bowley's daughter and
heir, in his keeping, an hundred marks to her marriage, in re-

r Anstis's Regist. of the Order of the Garter, Vol, I. p. 364.
f Ibid. Vol. II. p. 231, 232. t Rymer's Foedera, Vol. XII. p. 348,

« Ibid. p. 355, 356, 357,
? Ex Regist. vocat. Dogget, fol. 81, in Cur. Praerog. Cantuar.

EARL MOUNT-EDGCUMBE. 31?

compence of what he had of her father's ; and forty marks to his
sister, Elizabeth Tremayne; to every of his household servants,
forty shillings j and enjoins that a priest be found to pray for him
for the space of five years, in the church of Caistock.

The residue of his goods, chattels, &c. he bequeaths to Joan
his wife, Sir Reynold Bray, Roger Holland, and Fulk Prideaux,
Esqrs. for his children $ at the will and pleasure of his said wife,
by the oversight of the Bishop of Exeter, and John Arundel, Dean
of Exeter.

The probate of his will bears date April 20th, 1492, the se-
venth of King Henry VII. but he died^ on September 8th, J 4QQ,
in Britanny.

Stow recites, that Sir Richard Edgecumb z was also sent, with
John, Abbot of Abington, and Christopher Urswick, to Charles
VIII. King of France, to offer King Henry's mediation to com-
pose the differences between Francis II. Duke of Britanny, and
that monarch. They went first to the French King, and after to
the Duke of Britanny ; in which service Sir Richard Edgecumb
departed this life at Morlaix, in that province.

It appears from writings in the custody of the present Earl of
Mount-Edgcumbe, that John, the Provost-prior of the Friers-
preachers of Morlaix, in Britanny, and the convent there, agreed
with Joan, late the wife of Sir Richard Edgecomb, and Roger Hol-
land, Esq. his executors, for his burial in the church of the convent
of the said Frier's-preachers, before the high altar, in an honourable
manner. Accordingly a monument is erected there to his me-
mory, under the high altar, shewing a man in armour, kneeling
upon a tomb, praying at a desk. And before him stands a Prior,
in his proper habit, holding in his left hand his staff, and the two
fore fingers of his right hand held up, as rebuking the said Sir
Richard. At the foot of the pedestal, or bracket, on which he
stands, are the arms and crest of Edgecomb, viz. On a bend, be-
tween two cottises, three boars heads couped: Crest, on a hel-
met, a boars head couped: On a label, between the figures of a
Knight and the Prior, is this inscription, ' Tho. ora pro me Ri-
chardo? Behind the figure of the Knight, and the aforesaid
arms of Edgecomb, impaling, a cheveron between three es-
callops j and under the said arms, on a scroll, is this inscrip-
tion :

Y Inscript. tumuli apud Morlaix.
z Annals, p. 474.

318 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

Memoriae Richardi Eggecumb, militis, quondarri
contrarotulatoris honorabilis hospitij illustrissimi
Principis Henrici Septimi, Regis Angliae, cujus cor-
pus restat humatum hie, coram alteri autentiquo,
qui obijt octavo die mensis Septembris, anno Domini
millmo CCCCmo mjxx nono.

On the tomb is a cross, and round it this inscription, beginning
at the head :

Ante hujus ecclesie sacratissime autentici "altaris me-
dium constat humatum corpus Richardi Eggecumb,
militis, potentis ac honorabilis hospitii illustrissimi
Principis Henrici, Regis Anglie, contrarotulatoris,
qui anno Domini millesimo CCCCinjxx nono, et
mensis Septembris die viii°, fide plena ab hac' luce
migravit.

He had to wife aJoan, daughter of Thomas Tremayne, of Col-
lacomb, Esq. by whom he left issue Peirs (or Peter) Edgecomb,
his son and heir, and three daughters; Margaret, married to Sir
William Courtenay, of Powderham-castle, in Devonshire, Knt.
ancestor to the present Viscount Courtenay; Agnes, wife of Wil-
liam Trevanion, of the county of Cornwall, Esq.; and Elizabeth*
to Wevmond Raleigh, of Raleigh, in the same county, Esq.

Which Piers Edgcomb was b made one of the twenty Knights
of the Bath, at the creation of Prince Arthur, on the eve of St.
Andrew, 5 Henry VII. He c was Sheriff of Devonshire, in 9,
10, and 13 of Henry VII. And in 2 Henry VIII. this Sir Piers
Edgecomb, with Robert Willoughby de Broke, Knt. John Arun-
del, Knt. and Richard Carew, Knt. they,d or any three of them,
were impowered to array and review all men at arms, archers,
and others, who were to accompany Sir Thomas Darcy, Knt.
Captain of the castle of Berwick, in his expedition against the
Moors and other infidels; and to certify to the King, and his
council, the number of men at arms, archers, and others. In 5
Henry VIII. he was in the expedition against France/ and was
there made a Knight Banneret, for his gallant behaviour at the

a Ex Stemmate penes Rich. Dorn. Edgcumbe.

b MS. Claudius, c.*3. p. 34, in Bib). Cotton.

c Fuller in com. Devon, d Rymer, Vol. XIII. p. 290.

* MS. in Bibl, Cot. Claudius, c. 3. p. 81.

EARL MOUNT-EDGCUMBE. 319

sieges of Therouene and Tournay, and the battle that ensued,
called by our historians, ' The battle of the Spurs,' from the
swiftness of the French in running away.

He married, first, Jane, daughter and heir of Stephen Durn-
ford, of East-Storiehouse, in com. Devon, -Esq. and of his wife,

— — , daughter and heir of Rame, of Rame, Esq. and,

secondly, Catherine, daughter of Sir John St. John, of Bletshoe,
Knight of the Bath, and widow of Sir Griffith Ryce, Knt. but by
her left no issue ; as is evident from her will/ which bears date
at Cuthele (or Cuttail), in the county of Cornwall, on December
4th, 1553, 1 Queen Mary. She orders her executors to distribute
several sums, therein mentioned, to the poor of the parishes of
Calstoke, Tavistock, Launceston, St. Mary Magdalen, St.Domi*
nick, and several other parishes. She bequeaths to her daughter,
Mary Luterel, all her household goods that she hath of hers at
Dunster, in the county of Somerset, which some time was Sir
Griffith liyce's, her husband; and also bequeaths to her chaplains,
and servants, each a black gown, and their whole year's wages.
The residue of her goods, chattels, &c. her tin works in Corn-
wall, &c. after her funeral is defrayed, and her legacies paid, she
bequeaths to her executors, her trusty and loving brother, Sir
John St. John, Knt. and her trusty nephew, Sir Thomas Strad-
ling, Knt. ; and if they be sued, or molested, concerning her will,
or for any matter or cause concerning her late husbands, Sir
Griffith Ryce, or Sir Piers Edgecomb, Knts, or either of them,
they repay themselves. The probate bears date December 12th,
1553, which shews she died in the same month and year she
made her will.

Sir Piers Edgecomb, with Jane his first wife, before-mentioned,
had the town of East-Stonehouse, and the village of West-Stone-
house, in Devonshire, on the other side the river Tamer,s which
was the dwelling of Joel de Stonehouse, in 27 Henry III. The
said Sir Piers had issue by her three sons, Richard, John, arrd
James, who are mentioned in his willj also three daughters; Eli-
zabeth, wife of John Arundel, of Lanhern, in com. Cornub. Esq.
Jane, the wife of Sir Thomas Pomeroy, of Sandridge, in Devon-
shire, Knt. and Agnes, who was unmarried when her father made
his will, who therein gave her a legacy of 3001. Which will
being remarkable, I shall give an extract of it.h

f Ex Regist. Tash. num. 36. qu. 22.
i Sir William Pole's Desctipt. of Devon, in Eas:-Stonehouse, MS.
h Ex Regist. Dinglsy, num. 27. qu. 33. in Praerog. Cant.

320 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

It bears date March 3d, 1530, 21 Henry VIII. wherein he
orders his body to be buried, where it shall please God to dispose
of it. He bequeaths to the parish church of Plymouth, 31. pray-
ing the curate thereof to pray for his soul; and in like manner,
3l. to each of the churches of Calstocke, and of Bodmin; and to
every chaplain present at his exequies, and there doing service for
his soul, at the time of his obiit and burial, 12d. He enjoins his
executors to cause, incontinently after his decease, a trental of
masses to be said for his soul, in such convenient place and time,
as to them shall be thought most expedient; and that they pro-
vide an honest priest to sing mass daily for his soul, in the parish
church of Mewye, in the county of Devon, for the space of five
years, to whom he bequeaths, for his salary and wages, 50 marks.
He likewise wills, that another honest priest sing for his soul in
the parish church of Calstock, in the county of Cornwall, for the
space of five years, with like salary and wages. He further orders
his executors to distribute 101. in penny- dole to poor folks; and
cause an obite, or anniversary, yearly to be holden for his soul, in
the parish church of Plymouth, during ten years after his decease,
expending on every such obite 20s.

He bequeaths to every of his household servants a year's wages.
And whereas Sir John Arundel, and Sir William Courtnay, Knts.
were infeoffed, by the name of Esquires, with Andrew Hillers-
don, John Wise, Thomas Tremayne, Esqrs. and Stephen Trevyl-
lian, to the use of him, and the performance of his last will, and
of his heirs, in the honour and borough of Totness, and in the
manor of Corneworth, in Devonshire, dated May 3d, 12 Henry
VIII.: also, whereas he had infeorTed Andrew Hillersdon, John
Wise, Thomas Tremayne, Esqrs. George Tanner, and Stephen
Trevyllian, in the manors of Bodrugan, and Wother, in Corn-
wall,- April 24th, 12 Henry VIII. for the performance of his
will, he now bequeaths to them the tin works in the said manors,
in the counties of Devon and Cornwall, as also all his plate, &c.
for the performance of his said will, and for the payment of his
debts. And after his will and testament is fully performed, his
debts truly paid, and restitution made of wrongs by him done, or
by his commandment, if any such be, and can be proved; then
he wills, that his said feoffees shall release all their right and title
to the heirs male of his body, and that his tin works in Devon-
shire, shall wholly remain to his son John, and the heirs of his
body; and his tin works in the county of Cornwall, to his son
James, and the heirs of his body.

EARL MOUNT-EDGCUMBE. 321

He bequeaths to Dame Catherine his wife, for her own use and
behoof, all that plate in her keeping, which was Sir Griffith
Rice's, her latevhusband, with all her other apparel, and stuff of
household, left her by him. And in case his son and heir do
trouble, or take from her any parcel of lands he has given her in
jointure, or attempt to procure to be done any thing to the least
breach, or accomplishment of this his will, or any part thereof;
or disallow any grants, passed by him, either of Dame Jane his
mother's inheritance, or of his own by indentures, copies, &c.
for which, upon their oaths, they may prove I have made grants,
and am paid fines; and in case it may, by any manner of due
proof, appear that he had taken fines of any of his tenants of his
own inheritance, or of the inheritance of Dame Jane, sometime
his wife, and the parties have no other writing, according to his
promise, he wills and requires his son and heir, for that time
being, to make them grants according to his promise, as his said
heir will answer to God, to both their discharges. And for this
he requires him on his blessing, and for the contrary at his peril,
and never to have any part of his goods. All this, he says, his
son, Richard, had bound himself, by his writing and seal of arms
in his lifetime, to do and perform. He thus proceeds: also I will,
that my daughter, Ann Edgecomb, have 3001. towards her Hy-
ing, and marriage; and the residue of all my goods, moveable,
&c. after my debts paid, my burial done, and this my testament,
and last will entirely fulfilled, I give to Dame Catharine my wife,
during her natural life, and, after her decease, to Richard Edge-
comb, my son and heir, or any other being my heir, if God call
him to his mercy from this world : so as the said Richard, or
other, being my heir, be conformable to every article of my will,
as far as in him may lie, &c. And I make and ordain my exe-
cutors, Dame Catharine my wife, and Richard Edgecomb, my
son. The probate bears date September 15th, 1539, and the in-
quisition taken after his death, shews that he died on August
14th, 31st Henry VIII. leaving Richard, his son and heir, forty
years of age.

Which Richard Edgecomb k was knighted at the creation of
Edward Seymour, Earl of Hertford, on October 18th, 1537, 29
Henry VIII. He was Sheriff of Devonshire in 35 Henry VIII.1

* Escaet. 31 Henry VIII.
k MS. sub effig. Claudius, c. 3. p. 131, in Bibl. Catton.
1 Fuller's Worthies in Devon.
▼ 9L.T. Y

322 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

and in the first year of Queen Mary, he built that stately house,
at East-Stonehouse, called from him Mount- Edgecomb, the most
beautiful seat in those parts, as Mr. Carew has observed,"1 who
gives this account of it. ' Upon the South shore, somewhat
within the land, standeth Mount-Edgecomb, a house builded and
named by Sir Richard Edgecomb. It is built square, with a round
turret at each end, garreted on the top; and the hall rising in
the midst, above the rest, yieldeth a stately sound as you enter it.
The parlour and dining-room give you large and diversified pros-
pect of land; and overlooks St. Nicholas island (lying in the
mouth of the harbour), the royal citadel, Plymouth town, Stone-
house, Milbrook, and Saltash. It is supplied with a never-failing
spring of water, stored with timber, wood, fruit, deer, and conies.
A little below the house, in the summer evenings, sail-boats come
and draw their nets for fish. Both sides of the aforementioned
narrow entrance, with the passage between the whole town of
Stonehouse, and a great circuit of the land adjoining, appertain to
this inheritance. The sides are fenced with blockhouses, and
that next to Mount-Edgecomb was formerly planted with ord-
nance, which at coming and parting, greeted such guests as vi-
sited the house. This curious and noble mansion" so affected
the Duke of Medina Sidonia, Admiral of the Spanish Armada in
1588 (though beholding it at a distance of the sea), as to reserve
it for his own possession, in the partage of this kingdom, which,
in hopes and expectation, they had already conquered. This
stately house is within the compass of the county of Devon ; as
is all that tract, anciently called West-Stonehouse, although it
be in the parish of Maker, which lieth in the county of Corn-
wall.'

Richard Carew, Esq. who wrote the Survey of Cornwall, was
the son of Thomas Carew,vof Anthony, in that county, Esq. by
Elizabeth, daughter of this Sir Richard Edgcomb; and from his
knowledge of him, has left his character in manuscript, intituled,
*' A Friendly Remembrance of Sir Richard Edgcomb."

' Among many his virtues (saith he), I will rehearse only these,
namely, his knowledge, courtesy, and liberality.

' His knowledge consisted in learning and wisdom. Touching
his religion, his upright dealing bears witness, " That he had the
fruits of a good conscience." Besides, in his lifetime he kept a

m Survey of Cornwall, p. y6, 100.
* Fuller's Worthies in- Cornwall, p. 166.

EARL MOUNT-EDGCUMBE. 323

chaplain in his house, who daily and duly said service j and, at
his death, he had the grace to call upon God.

* His learning in the arts he attained by his study in the Uni-
versity of Oxford, where he spent some part of his youth; not
idly, nor only whilst he bated his horse (as the scholary minister
answered the bishop's ordinary), but both orderly and profitably;
for he could tell what any man's errand was that came to him.
And in inditing of letters was so skilful, that being on a time at
the quarter sessions, where was some difference about the form of
one to be sent up to the Lords of the Council, he stepped down
from the bench, and at a sudden penned it so well, and to all
their likings, as, without farther amendment, they allowed, and
sent it forth. Yea, the Lord Cromwell, in this point, gave him
especial commendations. He had also a very good grace in
making English verses, such as in those days passed for currentj
which flowing easily from his pen, did much delight his readers.
The sharpness of his wit was also seen in his apophthegms; of
which, though I heard many, I only remember two; the one,
u That Ingratus was Latin for a priest" (understand him, reader,
of them of those times) ; and the other, ee That where the good
man did beat his wife, there Cupid would shake his wings, and
fly out of doors."

' For his wisdom, I will only give a taste or essay thereof, that
by some parts the whole may be guessed : for he that would take
upon him to discourse of every point, must needs be a wise man
himself. He used, what occasion soever he had of expences, to
keep always one hundred pounds in his chests untouched [a good
sum in those days], and yet he would never be long indebted to
any man, neither break promise of payment. He was also very
careful to have provision made beforehand, of all things belonging
to the household, for two years at least; and would very willingly
bestow his money that way, whensoever any good pennyworths
were to be had, though he did not presently need it. Besides, he
was so careful for his posterity, as at his death, he left 4001. of
old gold in his chest, for the suing of his son's livery.

• It was moreover noted in him, that whatsoever he did, he
would be always girt with a sword, at least with a hanger. His
reason thereof was, as I have heard, that some part of his oath of
knighthood did bind him thereunto. Another point of his wis-
dom was, that he continually maintained one in London to be a
solicitor of his causes; and to send him advertisement, with the
soonest, of all occurrences from the court, and elsewhere; wherein

524 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

if orders were given him of any business, concerning the service
of his Prince or country, or that his help were craved in behalf
of his friend, he would not slack any time, nor overslip any fit
occasion for dispatch thereof. For his friend, he would deal a*
advisedly, and follow it as effectually, as if the matter were hit'
own. In his Princess's service, he was ready with the foremost to
execute her commandments j and prepared with the soonest, to
return answer. And whensoever he was to meet at any place, for
his country's affairs, he would always come with the first, and
part with the last, saying, u. It were better that one man should
tarry for many, than many for one."

' He was in speech very fair, and in council very secret 5 and
yet was not his secretness towards his friends so close, but that
he would lovingly impart to them whatsoever was convenient,
nor his silence in speech so great, but that he could entertain
every one with courteous words, according to their calling} using
to his betters reverence j to his equals kindness j and to the meaner
sort, affability : and as he was naturally given to believe the best
of every one, so could he scarce be drawn to mislike any., of
whom he had once been well persuaded.

' Yea, even to such as were his enemies, being in distress, he
rather lent a hand to take them up, than a foot to tread them
down, as by this story following may plainly appear. There was
a Knight (Trevanion), dwelling in the same shire, with whom,
for divers causes in King Edward's days, he had sundry quarrels y
which, as at first they bred inward misliking between them, so
at last they brake forth into open hatred. This Knight, in the
troublesome change in Queen Mary's reign, partly for religion,
and partly for other causes, was clapped into prison j and though,
the matters discovered against him were heinous, and his enemies
(at that time bearing great sway), very grievous, yet he obtained
so much favour, as to be tried by certificate, from the gentlemen
of the chiefest authority in his country, for his behaviour therein.
According to whose report of the council, he was either to be de-
livered, or more strictly to be dealt with. This granted, he con-
ceived very good hope of every other's friendly advertisement ;
and feared only the hard favour of our Sir Richard Edgecomb,
who he doubted would use the sword of revenge (then put in his
hand), to his enemy's destruction. It happened, that upon return
of their answer he was delivered j and being at liberty, to the
end he might know how his countrymen's minds were affected
towards him, he, by means, procured a copy of all these adver-

EARL MOUNT-EDGCUMBE. 325

tisive letters; in perusing of which, he found that such as bore
him fairest countenance, wrote most against him ; and that Sir
Richard Edgecomb's certificate made most for bim : so as in all
likelihood, his greatest enemy, in shew, was the chieftest cause of
his deliverance in deed.

' I would stay here, in praise of his noble mind, who shewed
his valour, in conquering his own affections; his virtue, in ab-
staining from revenge, being offered; and his Christianity, in
doing good for evil ; but that I am carried forth with no less
wonder at this Knight's thankfulness; who pretending, as though
he wist not of his courtesy, to the outward shew, continued his
wonted enmity until the next Christmas after. At which time,
on a night, word was brought to Mount-Edgcomb, that a com-
pany of armed men were lately landed from Plymouth, marching
up to the house. Sir Richard having heard before, that this
Knight was in that town, and mistrusting he had picked out this
time to come and set upon him unawares, resolved to shew him-
self neither discourteous to them he knew not, through fear; nor
yet to lie open to his enemies, if they pretended any such prac-
tice, through heedlessness; he therefore caused his gates to be set
wide open, and placed his servants on both sides the gate, and
hall, where they must pass, with swords and bucklers; but they
coming in, turned this doubt into pastime, for their armour and
weapons were only painted paper, as by nearer approaching was
perceived; and instead of trying their force, with blows in fight-
ing with men, they fell to make proof of the ladies skill in dan-
cing.

' These pastimes at last being ended, they were led into ano»
ther room to be banquetted ; where this Knight taking off his
vizard, and disclosing himself to Sir Richard Edgecomb, uttered,
'* That having the great courtesy shewn him in his trouble, be-
sides his looking, and contrary to his deserving, he wras come
thither to yield him his most due thanks for the same; assuring
bim, that he would from thenceforth rest as faithfully his friend,
as ever before he had shewed himself a professed enemy." In
witness of which his true meaning, and to strengthen the friend-
ship, so newly begun in good will, into a fast knot of alliance, he
there presented him a young gentleman, his nephew, a ward, and
the heir of his house (who being of fair possessions, came amongst
the other company, masked in a nymph's attire), to match with
one of his daughters ; which marriage afterwards came to pass.
And here I should also run out into commendation of this rare

326 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

thankfulness, save that this Knight's many other shews of his
right noble mind are so well known, that they need not : and so
great, that they be praised enough. I will therefore let them pass,
and shut up this part of Sir Richard's courtesy, when I have spo-
ken a word or two of his soft nature ■> the rather, because I have
heard some discommend this his mildness, who were themselves
sooner to be pitied for their ignorance, than to be answered for
any weight of their frivolous reasons.

' His liberality rested chiefly in housekeeping, and gifts. What
provision he made for housekeeping is before shewed -, which be-
ing carefully procured, was both orderly and bountifully spent:
and as he wanted not store of meat, so had he a sufficient com-
pany of servants to attend him at his table; the most pan gen-
tlemen by birth, and all of them both trained in service, and
courteous to such strangers as haunted the house ; who, when
they came, found themselves so well entertained, that this good
Knight was seldom or never unvisited. Yea, if he understood of
any strangers come into the country, of any calling, either by sea
or land, he would freely invite them home. And these, by reason
of Plymouth, his neighbour town, were not a few; so that at
one time, besides many other great personages, he received into
his house the Admirals of England, Spain, and Flanders. And
this he did for some good space.1' A passage the more remark-
able, for that the Admirals of those nations never met before so
amicably at one table.

' Neither could these great guests cause him to forget the poor,
who were daily as duly served as himself. -Moreover, whosoever
(either servant or otherwise), had brought him word of any thing
to be bought at a reasonable price, or had done any errand or
service for him, was sure of a liberal reward. Strangers arriving
in the haven, were presented with such things as he had; and
the poor whom he met, received whatsoever came first to hand.
It happened once, that a beggar craved an alms of him, to whom,
instead of a shilling, he gave a piece of gold of ten ; the beggar
perceiving that he was mistaken, and doubting his displeasure,
came crouching, and began to tell how he was deceived, offering
him the gold again. But Sir Richard, loth to have his alms
known, said to him, f Away, knave, and if I catch thee any
mere here, &c.' So the poor fellow, shrewdly hurt by this re-
pulse, quietly departed.

• Survey of Cornwall, p. ioo.

EARL MOUNT-EDGCUMBE. 327

* But to draw this discourse to an end, he resembled the Em-
peror Titus, called, for his good disposition, ' The delight of the
World j" who sitting on a night at supper with his acquaintance,
and remembering he had bestowed nothing on any man that day,
cried out on a sudden, " Friends, I have lost a day." Sir Ri-
chard's virtues procured him the favour of his Prince and the
council, who, in times of danger, chiefly committed to him, and
a very few others, the government of the shire where he dwelt.
They got him love among his neighbours, who counted nothing
too dear for him 5 and coming home in their shipping from fir
countries, would hale his house with two or three pieces of ord-
nance, and present him with the best things they had. And,
lastly, they purchased him credit among strangers, who would
commonly call him, <f The good old Knight of the Castle."
These few things I have touched, among many, which in him
were worthy the noting.' Thus far that wrorthy author.

His last will bears date July 1st, 1560, the second, of Queen
Elizabeth; and he departed this life on February 1st, 1561-2, the
fourth year of her reign, as appears by inquisition taken at
Plimpton, on May 30th, 4 Eliz.P which shews that he died pos-
sessed, in Devonshire, of the castle and honour of Totness, and
twenty-eight Knights fees anciently belonging to that castle and
honour, which descended to him from his grandfather, Sir Ri-
chard Edgcomb, Knt. who had a grant thereof, on June /th,
I486, 1 Henry VII. to hold of the King in capite by Knight's
service. It also shews, that he died possessed of the manor of
Corneworth, with the appurtenances, and the manor of Drews-
Taynton, and the advowson of the church; and that Peter Edge-
comb was his son and heir, and of the age of twenty-six; and
, that he had three other sons, Richard, Henry, and Edward; also
four daughters; Catharine, wife of Henry Champernon, of Mod-
bury-court, in Devonshire, Esq.; Anne, married to William Tre-
vanion, Esq. ; Honor; and Elizabeth, wedded to Thomas Carew,
of Anthony, in com. Cornwall, Esq. before-mentioned; which
children <i he had by his second Lady, Winifred, daughter of
William Essex, of the county of Berks, Esq. but by his first wife
Lady Elizabeth, daughter of Sir John Arundell, Knight-Banneret,
he had no issue. Sir Richard lies buried in Maker church, under

P Cole's Escaet. Lib. 2. p. 33, not. a. 13. in Bibl. Hirley.
1 Edmonson's Baronagium Genealogicuaa.

328 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

a gravestone, with this inscription, which differs from the inqui-
sition as to the time of his death :

His jacet Richardus Edgcumbe, miles, films Petri
Edgecumbe, militis, obiit primo die Decembris,

His eldest son, Pkter Edgcumbe, Esq. succeeded to the estate,
and was r Sheriff of Devonshire in the 9th of Queen Elizabeth.
He served in the same reign, in four several parliaments, for the
county of Cornwall 3 viz. s in 14, 28, 31, and 35 Eliz.j and for
Devonshire in 13 Eliz. In the other parliaments of that Queen
he ' served for Lestwithiel, and Leskard, in Cornwall. He mar-
ried Margaret, daughter of Sir Andrew Lutterell, of Dunster-
castle, in com. Somerset, Knt. and by her he had issue four sons;
Sir Richard Edgcumbe, Knt j Piers, who died July 8th, 1628,
and was buried at St. Botolph's Aldersgate, London, and a mo-
nument erected there to his memory; Edward, u of Bodrygan, in
Cornwall; and Andrew/ buried in the church of Maker, on
March 17th, 1640; also four daughters; 1. Margaret/ who was
one of the maids of honour to Queen Elizabeth, and wife of Sir
Edward Denny, of Waltham-abbey, in Essex, Knt. 2. Catharine,
of Sir Edward Prideaux, of Netherton, in Devonshire, Bart, (and
by him mother of two sons; 1. Sir Peter, ancestor to the present
Baronet, seated there; and, 2. Edmund, of Ford abbey, in Devon-
shire, whose grand-daughter, Margaret, carried that estate, with
other lands, in marriage to Francis Gvvyn, of Lansanor^ in Gla-
morganshire, Esq.) 3. Elizabeth, of Sir John Speccot, of Spec-
cot, com. Devon, Knt. And, 4. Anne, of Richard Trefusis, of
Trefusis, in Cornwall, Esq.

Peter Edgcumbe, their father, died on January 4tb, 1(507, aged
seventy, and was buried in Maker church, where a monument is
erected to his memory, with the following inscription :

Hie jacet Petrus Edgcumbe, armiger, Richardi

equitis filius et pater, qui vixit annos lxx,

obiit 4° die Jan. MDCVII.

r Fuller's Worthies in Devon.

s Willis's Notit'u Pari. Vol.11, p. 12, and 2^4.

1 Ibid. p. 34, and 40.

« Vis. de com. Cornub. 66, p. 17, in Bibl. Harley.

* Ex Regist. Eccles. y Inscript. tumuli apud Waltham.

EARL MOUNT-EDGCUMBE. 329

Lief Tenant to my Queen long Time,
And often for my Shire a Knightej
My Merit did to Creddit clime,
Still biddinge in my Calling rightej
By Loyalty my Faith was tryede,
Peacefull I liv d, hopeful 1 diede.

Sir Richard Edgecumbe, eldest son, knighted by King James I.
served z in parliament for Totness, in 31 Eliz. and for Grampound
in Cornwall, in 35 Eliz. also in the reign of King James I.a and
for Bossiney, in the reign of King Charles I. He married Mary,
daughter and heir of Sir Thomas Cottle, of London, Knt. She
died eighteen years before him, and was buried at Maker, where
remains this inscription to her memory:

Hie jacet Domina Maria uxor Richardi Edgcumbe,
militisj filia et haeres Thomae Coteele, de civitate
Londini, militisj quae sepulta fuit 25° die Julii, anno
Domini 1620°.

He had issue by her three sonsj Piers ; Richard, who died un-
married, November 5th, 1656, and was buried in St. Gorran's
church; and Thomas,b who died an infant, May 22d, 1614, and
was buried at Bishop Stortford, in Hertfordshire; their father
died in the seventy-fourth year of his age, on March 23d, l638,c
and was buried at Maker, April 11th, l6'3Q. Mr- Edmondson, in
his Baronagium Genealogicum, mentions a former wife, the
daughter of George Cary, of Cockington, in Devonshire, Esq.
but no issue by her. ,

Piers Edgecumbe, of Mount-Edgecumbe, Esq.d the eldest son
and heir, served in parliament for Newport, and Camelford, in
Cornwall, in the reign of King Charles J. He was, as the in-
scription on his monument (hereafter mentioned), sets forth, a
pattern to posterity, and an honour to the age. ' A master of
languages and sciences} a lover of the King and church, which
he endeavoured to support in the .time of the civil wars, to the

utmost of his power and fortune.' Sir Alexander Carew, of An-

•

a Willis's Not. Pari. Vol. II. p. 98, and 28-4. * Ibid. p. izi.

b Chauncey'6 History of Hertfordshire.

c Ex Regist. Ecclfg. de Maker.

* Willis's Not. Pari. Vol. II. p. 86, and 164.

330 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

thorty, in Cornwall, Bart, was tried at Guildhall, in London, by
a court martial/ for holding intelligence with Colonel Edgcumbe,
and Major Scawen, of the King's party, not only by letters, but
by personal conference several times, at midnight, in their own
quarters; for which he was beheaded on Monday, December 23d,
1644, on Tower-hill, the day before the parliament voted that
the clause, ' For the preservation of his Majesty's person,' should
be left out of Sir Thomas Fairfax's commission.

The said Piers Edgecumbe married Mary, daughter of Sir John
Glanvil, of Broad-Hinton, in com. Wilts, Knt. and died in the
fifty-sixth year of his age, on January 6th, 1060, leaving two
daughters 3 , wife of Sir Baynham, Throckmorton, of Tort-
worth, Gloucestershire, Bart.) and Winifred, married to Thomas,
first Earl of Coventry ; also two sons, Sir Richard Edgcumbe, and
Francis Edgcumbe, Esq. who lies buried at Calstock, with this
inscription to his memory:

Hie repositum est corpus Francisci Edgcumbe, armi-
geri, nlii junioris Pearsei Edgcumbe, de Monte-
Edgcumbe, armigeri, qui obiit 27° die Aprilis, anno
Domini 1668, aetatis suae 21°.

The said Peirs Edgcumbe, Esq. was buried at Calstock, where
a monument is erected, with this inscription:

Exemplum posteris, et praesentis aevi decus, scien-
tiarum qui fuit et linguarum magister, Regis et ec-
clesiae cultor, quorum causam (heu nimis civili bello
labentem) summis viribus et proprio sumptu fulcire
conatus est, Pearseus Edgcumbe de Monte-Edgcumbe,
armiger, films Richardi Edgcumbe, militis (claro
admodum stemmate) qui Mariam uxorem dixit filiam
Johannis Glanville, militis, de Broad-Hinton, in
comit. Wilts. Ex qua binos filios et totidem natas
genuit relicto haerede Richardo milite Balnei, animam ,
Deo resignavit (depositis hie prope exuviis) 6° die
Jan. An. Dom. 1660°. Et aetatis suae 56°.

His eldest son, SirRicHARD-Edgecumbe, was made one of the

c Rushworth's Collections, Vol. V. p. 472.

EARL MOUNT-EDGCUMBE. 331

Knights of the Bath,f on April 19th, 1661, four days before the
coronation of King Charles II. They attended the grand solem-
nity, in their purple robes, from the court of requests to the
abbey-church, where they sat to see the ceremony, &c. He was
born at Mount-Edgecumbe/ where he was baptized on February
13th, 1639; and was chosen for the borough of Launceston (alias
Dunhivid), in the first parliament of King Charles II. and in the
three next parliaments served as hone of the Knights for the
county of Cornwall. He married the Lady Anne Montagu, se-
cond surviving daughter of Edward, Earl of Sandwich 3 and by
her had issue three sons,

1. John, who died an infant, and was buried at Maker, on
April 9th, 16>1.

2. Piers, who died at the University of Cambridge, aged
eighteen. And,

3. Richard, created Lord Edgcumhe.

Also five daughters; Anne, baptized on April l6th, 1672, and
buried at Maker, on May 26th, 16/4; Mary, baptized on Ja-
nuary 29th, 1673, and buried at Maker, on July 3d, 1674; Eli-
zabeth, baptized on April 22d, 167-5, married to — — Atkins,
Esq. of Gloucestershire; Catharine, baptized on January 25th,
1677 > ana* buried at Maker, on May 9th, i 681 5 Anne, who was
baptized on June 1 1th, 1679, and died unmarried,- Margaret,

baptized on May 26th, 1681, married to ^ine^ Esq. soa

to the Lord Chief Justice Pine, of Ireland.

This Sir Richard was buried at Maker, on April 3d, 1688, his
Lady surviving him, till March 14th, 1729, when she died, and
was buried by him; but had been, secondly, married to Christo-
pher Montagu, elder brother to Charles, Earl of Halifax.

Their only surviving son, Richard, the first Lord Edg-
cumbe, was born at Mount Edgcumbe, and baptized on April
23d, 1680. Soon after he came of age, he was chosen one of the
representatives of the county of Cornwall. In the next parlia-
ment, 13 William III.' he served for the town of St. Germainsj
and for Plympton, in the first year of Queen Anne; and was
constantly elected to every parliament whilst he was a com-
moner. His Lordship was constituted one of the Lords Commis-
sioners of the Treasury, on June 22d, 1716; also on June 11th,
1720; and on April 3d, 1724, with Hugh Boscawen, Viscount

f Anstis's Obssrvat. on Knighthood of the Bath, 4to, p. 81 to 89.

S Ex Rcgist. Eccles. de Maker. h Willis, ut antea, p. 14, 25.

i Willis, Vol. II. p. 154.

332 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

Falmouth, had the offices of Vice- treasurer, Receiver-general,
Treasurer of War, and Pay master- general of his Majesty's revenues
in Ireland.

He was created Lord Edgcumbe, on April 20th, 1742; and
on December 22d, 1743, he was constituted Chancellor of the
t)uchy of Lancaster.

On January 5th, 1743-4, he was sworn of his Majesty's Privy
Council j and was also Lord Lieutenant and Custos Rotulorum of
the county of Cornwall. On the rebellion in 1745, he was one
of the twelve noblemen, who were commissioned to raise a regi-
ment of foot, each, at the public expense; and on January 24th,
1758, having resigned the office of Chancellor of the Duchy of
Lancaster, was declared Warden and Chief-justice in Eyre of all
his Majesty's forests, parks, chaces, and warrens, beyond Trent.
His Lordship departed this life on November 22d, 1758; and by
Matilda his wife (who died March, 1721, and was buried at
Waldershare), daughter of Sir Henry Furnese, of Waldershare,
in Kent, Bart, left issue two sons, Richard and George, succes-
sively Lords Edgcumbe.

Richard, the eldest son, and second Lord Edgcumbe, re-
presented the borough of Lestwithiel in the tenth parliament of
Great Britain, and in the next, which met on May 31st, 1754,
sat for the borough of Penryn, until he succeeded to the peerage.
In December, 1755, he was appointed one of the Lords of the
Admiralty; but resigned his seat at that board in November,
1756, on being constituted Comptroller of his Majesty's house-
hold, and admitted to the Privy-Council. His Lordship, on Fe-
bruary 23d, 1759, was constituted Lord Lieutenant and Custos
Rotulorum of the county of Cornwall: but dying a bachelor on
May 10th, 1761/ when he was also a Major-general, the peer-
age and estate devolved upon his brother,

George, third Lord, and first Earl Edgcumbe, who was
then Clerk of the Council of the Duchy of Lancaster, but re-
signed that office in June, 1762. When a commoner, he was
returned for Plympton and Fowey, to the parliament which met
first for the dispatch of business on November 12th, 1747, but
took his seat for Fowey; for which he was also chosen in 1754;
and likewise at the general election in 1761, but was entitled to
a seat in the house of Peers before the Parliament met. His

k See a beautiful character of him in the Additions to the Royal and Noble
Authors, in the posthumous Collection of Lord Orford's Works, 4*0.

EARL MOUNT-EDGCUMBE. 333

Lordship being bred to a maritime life, was, after going through
the inferior stations of midshipman, &c. made a Captain in hit
Majesty's navy, on August 19th, 1744, and on all occasions dis-
played the spirit of a brave and judicious officer. On June 18th,
1761, his Lordship, as Lord Lieutenant and Custos Rotulorum
of the county of Cornwall, took the oaths appointed to be taken
instead of the oaths of allegiance and supremacy; and in No-
vember, 1762, was constituted Rear-admiral of the Blue.

His Lordship was advanced to the dignity of Viscount Edg«
cumbe, February 1/th, 1781, and to that of Earl of Mount-
Edgcumbe, August 18th, 1789.

In 1773, his Lordship was appointed Captain of the Band of
Gentlemen Pensioners; which he resigned in 1782.

His Lordship at the time of his death, which happened "on,
February 4th, 1795, was Admiral of the Blue, Lord Lieutenant
and Custos Rotulorum of the county of Cornwall, Joint Vice-
Treasurer of Ireland, and LL.D.

On August 6th, 1761, his Lordship wedded Emma, only child
of Dr. John Gilbert, Archbishop of York (who died a few days
afterwards); and by her Ladyship, who died December 26th,
1 807, had a son, -

Richard, born on September 13th, 1 /64, who succeeded hi*
father as second Earl Mount-Ebecumbe.

His Lordship married, February 21st, 1789, Lady Sophia Ho-
bart, daughter and coheir of John, second Earl of Buckingham-
shire; and by her, who died August lfth, 1806, had issue,

1. Lady Emma Sophia, born July 28th, 1791-

2. Lady Caroline, born October 22d, 1792.

3. William, Viscount Valletort, born November iQth, 1794.

4. Ernest, born March 23d, 1797.

5. A daughter, born June 26th, 1800.

His Lordship is Lord Lieutenant, Vice-Admiral, and Custos Ro-
tulorum of the county of Cornwall, Captain of the Band of Gen-
tlemen Pensioners, High Steward of Plympton, Devonshire, ancl
F.S.A.

Titles. Richard Edgcumbe, Lord Edgcumbe, Baron of Mount-
Edgcumbe; Viscount Valletort, and Earl Mount- Edgcumbe.

Creations. Baron Edgcumbe, [of Mount-Edgcumbe, in the
county of Devon, April 20th, 1742, 15 George II, ; Viscount
Mount-Edgcumbe and Valletort, March 5th, 178I; and Earl
Mount-Edgcumbe, August 18 th, J 789.

334 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

Arms. Gules, on a Bend, Ermines, cottised, Or, three-boars
heads couped, Argent.

Crest. On a wreath, Or and Gules, a boar passant, Argent,
about the neck a chaplet of oak leaves, Vert, fructed proper.

Supporters. On each side a greyhound, Argent, guttee de
poix, collared dovetail double, Gules.

Motto. Au Playsire fokt de Dieu.

Chief Seats. At Mount-Edgcumb, near Plymouth, in Devon-
shire 5 and Cotele, Cornwall.

EARL FORTESCUE. 33*

FORTESCUE EARL FORTESCUE.

This family derives its origin from Sir Richard le Forte, a
person of extraordinary strength and courage, and a distinguished
soldier under William, Duke of Normandy, in his expedition into
England, A. D. 1066; who bearing a strong shield before the
Duke, at the decisive battle of Hastings, in Sussex, against King
Harold, wherein he was exposed to imminent danger, having
three horses killed under him, contributed greatly to his preserva-
tion j from which signal event his posterity assumed the name
and motto of the family: the word scutum, in Latin, or escu, in
French (a shield), being added to their original denomination,
Forte, composes the name, and the motto is Forte Scutum sa-
lus Ducum. Likewise when the bearing of crests became here-
ditary, this family assumed a shield for theirs.

Sir Adam Fortescue, Knt. his son, was likewise a principal
commander in the same battle, and behaved so valiantly, that for
the services his father and he had done, the Conqueror gave him
Wimondeston, Wimstone, or (as it is nqw written) Winstone, in
the parish of Modberry, within the hundred of Armington, and
county of Devon, with divers other lands in that and other coun-
ties j which grants were confirmed by a charter of King John, in
the tenth year of his reign, and continued in the family to the
reign of Queen Elizabeth. After the affairs of this kingdom
were settled, Sir Richard returned to his family in Normandy,
where his posterity by another son continued in great repute 5
but Sir Adam remaining in England, became the patriarch of
several flourishing families of this name.

Sir William Pole observes in his manuscripts of Charters, "that

a Pole's MS. of Charters.

33<J PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

Wymondeston, now Winston, in the parish of Modbury, was tho
most ancient seat of this family, in whose possession it continued
from the days of King John to the reign of Queen Elizabeth.

King John, by his letters patent dated in the 10th year of his
reign, enfeoffed therewith John Fortescu,h after whom it came to
his son,

Sir Richard/ and after him to

Adam Fortescu, who was dead in 31 Edward I. for then it was
specified d he held Wymonston by one knight's fee of the honour
of Tremeton.

His son and heir was another Adam, who grants to Henry
Lopperigge seven shillings annual rent, which Richard, the son
of Philip Gretun, used to pay him for his tenement at Wymon-
ston 5 witnesses, Sir Andrew Trelesk, Peter de Prideaux, &c.
dated at Wymonston, Friday next following the fea.t of St, Am-
brose [April 4th] 1302, the 30th of King Edward, son of Henry .e
To the deed an oval seal is affixed, wherein was the badge of a
star, and circumscribed Sigillum Adce Fortescu.

To him succeeded his son and heir, another Adam, who mar-
ried Anne, daughter and coheir to William Delaport, of Old Port,
in com. Devon, by whom he had three sons, William/ Richard,
and Nicholas.

Which William, at making the King's eldest son a Knight,
in 19 Edward III. paid for one knight' s-fee in Wymondeston,
held of Tremeton, which Adam de FortGScu held.s In 28 Ed-
ward III. I find him witness to a deed of Walter de Strechlegh,1*
whereby he enfeoffed his lands in Strechlegh, Forsan, Cokesland,
Broke, Dunstan, and Tamerton, on the daughter of the said Wal-
ter, named Alice, whom this said William Fortescu married, and
had issue by her

William j and in 48 Edward III. William Coffin, son and
heir of Walter Coffin, grants lands in Strechlegh, Forsan, Cokes-
land, Broke, Boraton, Tamerton, and Dunstan,1 to Walter de
Strechlegh, and his heirs, in default to William Fortescu, son of
William Fortescu, and Alice, daughter of the said Walter de

b Lodge's Peerage of Ireland, Vol. IV. p. 292.
* Visit, dc Devon in Collect. Sim. Segar. d Pole, Ibid. p. 428*

e Pole's MS. Charters, p. 100, et seq.
t These descents somewhat differ from the deduction in Archdall's Irish Peer-
age, III. 341. In that work, occur Sir Richard and Sir Nicholas, Knights of
St. John of Jerusalem, who attended King Richard I. to the Koly Land.
■£ Pole's MS. Charters, p. 479. * Ibid. p. 215. * Ibid.

EARL FORTESCUE. 337

Strechlegh, and to the heirs of their two bodies. In 50 Edw. III.
William Fortescu, and Walter Strechlegh,k grant to William
Yearle, vicar of the church of Valhamton, an annual rent of 40 s.
sterling, to be received out of their lands on the feast of St. Mi-
chael the Archangel, for the term of twenty-one years/ sealed
with three seals of arms annexed, the middlemost being the arms
the Fortescue family bears. The said William, in 2 Richard II.
being wrote William Fortescue, senior, had a grant with Sir Phi-
lip and Sir Peter Courtenay, Knts. from Richard Mauldit, called
Somaister, of lands in Smytheston, Wimpell, and Thuverton. By
the said Alice his wife, he had issue,

William, his son and heir, who married Elizabeth, sister and
coheir to Thomas Beauchamp, of Ryme,1 in the county of Dorset,
widow of Richard, son of Adam Branscomb, by which Richard
she had no issue; and in 18 Richard II. I find an assignment of
dower, made at Over-Aller, the Tuesday next after the feast of
St. Martin that year, to the said William, styling him junior,
and Elizabeth his wife, of all lands, &c. which were the said Ri-
chard Branscomb's, husband of the said Elizabeth, in Over-Aller;
being sealed with the Fortescues1 arms, and a crescent for differ-
ence.m He had issue, by his said wife, Elizabeth, two sons.

1. William, bis successor, at Winston, from whom the For-
tescues of Winstone, Pristone, Spireliston, Falapit, and Hext,
were "descended. And,

2. Sir John Fortescue, one of those heroes who signalized
themselves in the wars under that victorious King, Henry V. and
merited knighthood for his valour and conduct upon the reduc-
tion of Meaux, in France, the metropolis of La-Brie, in 1422,
when he was made Governor and Captain thereof. He married
Joan,° daughter and heir of Henry, son of William Norreis, of
Norreis, in the parish of North-Hewisb, in com. Devon, by whom
he had among other children,

1. Sir Henry, appointed Lord Chief Justice of the Common
Pleas in Ireland, June 25th, 1426, 4 Henry VI. from whom by
bis first wife, Joan, daughter of Edmund Bozun, of Bozuns Hele,
heir to the family of Wood, in Devonshire, descended the first

k Pole's MS. Charters, p. 516.
1 Archdall says, Lord of Kyme, in Lincolnshire.,
m Pole's MS. p. 311.
n See these something more detailed in Archdall, III. 342., -
• Or, according to the Baronagium Genealogicum, Eleanor, daughter and- heir
9f William Norreis, of Devonshire.

VOL. V %■

338 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

Fortescues of Wood, which ended in an heir female, Joan, mar-
ried to Lewis Fortescue, of Pristonjp and by his second wife,
who was the daughter and heir of Fallopit, he had Richard For-
tescue, his successor there, from whom the first race of the For-
tescues of that place descended} whose heir female, Elizabeth,
conveyed it by marriage to Lewis, a younger son of John For-
tescue, of Spindelston.^

2. Sir John Fortescue, Knt. of whom hereafter.

3. Richard, returned among the gentry of the county of Devon,
in 12 Henry VI. and from him r are derived the Fortescues of
Punsburn, in com. Hertford} Falkborn, in Essex} and those of
Salden, in com. Bucks} and those of Suffolk.

I now return to Sir John Fortescue/ Knt. second son, edu-
cated in Lincoln's-Inn. He was in 1430, called to the degree of
Serjeant at Law,* and in u 1441, constituted King's Serjeant.
The next year he was made Lord Chief-Justice of Eng-
land/ being a particular favourite of King Henry VI. to whom
he was, lastly, Lord Chancellors

P Whose descendant, Peter, was created a Baronet January 29th, 1666.

9 His grandson, Peter, of Fallowpit, was father of Edmund, created a Baronet,
March 31st, 1664.

r Sir John Fortescue, of Punsburn, was his second son, and married Alice,
daughter of Sir Geffrey Bullein, by whom he had Sir John Fortescue, of Puns-
burn, whose son, John, married ■ ■ the daughter and heir of Montgomery,
of Falkborn Hall, in Essex, and left issue Henry Fortescue, of Punsburn, and of
Falkborn Hall, Esq. who was Sheriff of Hertfordshire, 1563, and was one of the
four Squires for the body to Queen Elizabeth. He died Oct. 6th, 1576, and was
buried in Falkborn church. By Elizabeth, daughter of Stafford, of Broadfield,
Berks, he had four sons, and five daughters; of whom, Dudley, a younger son,
married, July 29th, i$8i, Mary Strongman, widow; and Katharine, one of the
daughters, married Anthony Bridges, third son of John, first Lord Chandos, from
whom descended the late claimant to the Barony of Chandos. Francis Fortescue,
their elder brother, died 1588, aged forty-two. His son, Edmund Fortescue,
who died 1596, was grandfather of William Fortescue, who sold Falkborn to the
Bullocks in 1637.

Sir Adrian Fortescue, younger son of Sir John Fortescue, of Punsburn, was
father of Sir John Fortescue, Chancellor of the Exchequer, 1590, who was
seated at Salden House, in Bucks, and died 1607. The posterity of his second
son, Sir John, remained at Salden, till they became extinct in Sir Francis For-
tescue, who died at Bath, without issue, November nth, 1729.

s Former editions of Collins have made Sir John younger son, and not younger
brother of Sir Henry; but I have followed Archdall's Irish Peerage, for the rea-
lons assigned by him.

1 Dugd. Orig. Jurid. et Chron. Series, p. 61. u Ibid. p.

x Ibid. p. 62.
X Selden's Notae prefix. J. Fortescue de Laudibus Ltg. Angl.

EARL FORTESCUE. 33g

He is highly commended by our most eminent writers for the
wisdom, gravity, and uprightness, with which he presided in the
Court of King's Bench for many years. He remained in great
favour with the King, of which be received a signal proof, by an
unusual augmentation of his salary. He held his office through the
reign of Henry VI. to whom he steadily adhered, and served him
faithfully in all his troubles: for which, in the first parliament of
Edward IV. which began at Westminster in November 146l. he
was attainted of high treason, in the same act by which Hen. VI.
Queen Margaret, Edward, their son, and many persons of the
first distinction, were likewise attainted. After this Henry fled
into Scotland ; and it is generally believed, that he then made
Fortescue Chancellor of England. His name, indeed, upon this
occasion, is not found recorded in the patent rolls; because, as
Selden2 says, " being with Henry VI. driven into Scotland by
the fortune of the wars with the House of York, he was made
Chancellor of England while he was there. Several writers have
styled him Chancellor of England; and in his book De Laudibus
Legum AngVue, he calls himself Cancellarius Anglicey

In April 146-3, he embarked with Queen Margaret, Prince
Edward, and many persons of distinction, who followed the for-
tunes of the House of Lancaster, at Bamburgh, and landed at
Sluys, in Flanders: whence they were conducted to Bruges, thence
to Lisle, and thence into Lorrain. In this exile he remained for
many years, retiring from place to place, as the necessities of the
royal family required : for, though during that space, the Queen
and Prince were often in motion, and great efforts were made to
restore Henry, yet considering the age of Fortescue, it is not pro-
bable that he was suffered to expose himself to such hazards;
especially as he might do them better service by soliciting their
interest at different courts. It is certain that he was not idle;
but observing the excellent understanding of Prince Edward, who
applied himself wholly to military exercises, and seemed to think
of nothing but qualifying himself for an expert commander, he
thought it high time to give him other impressions, and to infuse
into his mind just notions of the constitution of his country, as
well as due respect to its laws; so that, if Providence should fa-
vour his designs, he might govern as a King, and not as a tyrant,
or a conqueror. With this view, as we learn from his Introduc-

2 Epistle to the Reader, prefixed to his Notes on Fortescue De Laudibus Legum
Anglite,

340 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

tion, he drew up his famous work, intitled, De Laudibus Legum
Anglicc; which, though it failed of its primary intention, that
hopeful Prince being not long after cruelly murdered, will yet
remain an everlasting monument of this great and good man's
respect and affection for his country. This very curious and con-
cise vindication of our laws, was received with great esteem when
it was communicated to the learned of that profession ; yet it was
not published till the reign of Henry VIII. Several editions have
since been given of it, with different titles each time: yet none
of them suitable to the value of the performance, till that printed
in folio in 1732; and again in 1741 j with a copious preface, with
large, learned, and useful annotations, an accurate index, and
whatever else is necessary to satisfy a curious and inquisitive
reader.

The House of Lancaster having afterwards a prospect of re-
trieving their fortunes, the Queen and the Prince went over to
England, Fortescue, with many others, accompanying them. They
did not succeed j so that this Chancellor was forced to reconcile
himself as well as he could to the victorious Edward IV. for
which purpose he wrote a kind of apology for his own conduct.
This treatise, though it has never been published, Selden had
seen; as he tells us in his Preface to Fortescue's Book De Laudi-
bus. After all these extraordinary changes of masters and for-
tunes, be preserved his old principles in regard to the English
constitution j as appears from another valuable and learned work,
written by him in English, and published in the reign of Queen
Anne, with this title, The Difference between an absolute and
limited Monarchy, as it more particularly regards the English
Constitution; being a Treatise written by Sir John Fortescue,
Knight, Lord Chief Justice, and Lord High Chancellor of Eng-
land under King Henry VI. faithfully transcribed from the Ma-
nuscript Copy in the Bodleian Library; and collated with three
other Manuscripts. Published ivith some Remarks by John For-
tescue Aland, of the Inner Temple, Esq. F. R. S. \^IA, Svo.
-There is a Manuscript of this work in the Cotton Library, in the
title of which it is said to be addressed to King Henry VI j but
many passages in it shew it to have been plainly written in favour
of, and for the service of Edward IV. A second edition, with
amendments, was published in \7^9> 8V0- As for this author's
other writings, which were pretty numerous, as they were never
printed, we know nothing more of them, than we learn from the
pities, and the commendations bestowed upon them by those wbo

EARL FORTESCUE. 341

had perused them. They have, however, been carefully preserved
in libraries, some of them being still extant under the following
titles: Opusculum de natura legis natures, et de ejus censura in
successione regnorum supremorum. — Defensio Juris Domus Lan-
castrian.— Genealogy of the House of Lancaster. — Of the Title
of the House of York. — Genealogioe Re gum Scotice. — A Dialogue
between Understanding and Faith.— A Prayer Book, which sa-
vours much of the Times we live in. It would certainly be a great
benefit to the learned world, if his manuscripts were printed ; for
he was a man of general knowledge, great observation, and his
writings would probably throw much light upon the dark parts of
our history and antiquities.

We know nothing further of his life, which probably was spent
in retirement in the country, free from the cares, and remote from
the dangers of a court. Neither is there any distinct account
preserved of his death ; we are only told in general, that he was
then near ninety years of age, which the circumstances of his life
rendered very probable. His remains were interred in the church
of Ebrington, in Gloucestershire,where he had purchased an estate;
and where Colonel Robert Fortescue, of Filley, in \Q77> caused
a monument to be repaired, on which was the figure of this ve-
nerable person in his robes, and added an inscription a to his me-

a In

Faelicem ct immortalem Memoriam
Clarissimi Viri, Domini

JoHANNIS FORTESCUTI

Militis, Grandaevi, Angliae Judicis primarii,

et processu temporis, sub Hen. 6. Rege &

Edwardo Principe, summi Cancellarii,

Regis Conciliarii prudentissimi,

Legum Angliae peritissimi,

nee non earundem

Hyperaspistis

fortissimi.

Corporis exuvias, laetam Resur-

rectionem expectantes,

Hie deposuit.

Marmoreum hoc Monumentum

• positum est A. D.

M. DC. LXXVII.

Voto et expensis Roberti Fortescutt,

Arraigeri, ejusdem Familiae Hae :

: redis, nuper defuncti.

342 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

mory. It was truly said by Mr. Fortescue Aland,b that " all
good men, -and lovers of the English constitution, speak of him
with honour and that he still lives in the opinion of all true
Englishmen, in as high esteem and reputation as any judge that
ever sat in Westminster-Hall. He was a man acquainted with all
sorts of learning, besides his knowledge of the law, in which he
v/as exceeded by none; as will appear by the many judgments he
gave when on the Bench, in the Year -Book of Henry VJ. His
character in history is that of pious, loyal, and learned; and he
had the honour to be called the chief counsellor of the King. He
was a great courtier, and yet a great lover of his country.0

Martin Fortescue, Esq. his son and heir (by Elizabeth his
wife, daughter of Sir Miles Stapleton), married Elizabeth, daugh-
ter and heir of Richard Deynsell, of Filleigh and Weare-GirTord,
in com. Devon, Esq. whereby he became possessed of those estates,
together with Buckland-Filleigh; and had issue two sons:

1, John, ancestor to Hugh, Earl Fortescue, of whom I am
principally to treat. And,

2. William, who got the estate of Buckland-Filleigh, and from
whom the family in Ireland is descended.d

Angligenas intra Cancellos juris et aequi
Qui tenuit, cineres jam tenet Urna Viri.
Lex viva ills fuit Patriae, Lux splendida Legis,
Forte Bonis Scutum, Sontibus et Scutica.
Clarus erat titulis, clarus Majoribus, Arte
Clarus, Virtute ast clarior emicuit.
Jam micat in tenebris, veluti Carbunculus Orbi,
Nam Virtus radios non dare tanta nequit.
Vivit adhuc Fori escutus laudatus in aevum;
Vivic et in Legum laudibus ille suis.
fc Preface to the Difference between an absolute and limited Monarchy, p. 39.
c This account of Sir John Fortescue is copied from the Biographical Dic-
tionary.

A William Fortescue, of Buckland-Filleigh, had a son and heir, John; who, by
Christian Arscot, had William, of Buckland-Filleigh j who, by Anne GifFord,
had John, of the same place; who married, first, Anne Porter; and, secondly,
Susanna Chichester; which last was the ancestress of the Earl and Viscount
Clermont.

By the former wife, John had Roger, whose son, John, by the daughter of
Prideaux, had three sons; of whom, William was the eldest. — Wiiliam Fortescue,
Esq. of Fallowpit and Buckland-Filleigh, was appointed a Baron of the Exche-
quer, 1736; Judge of the Common Pleas, 1738; and Master of the Rolls,
1741; in which office he was succeeded by Si* John Strange, 17^0. He was the
friend and correspondent of Pope j and fifty-four of the Poet's letters to him are

EARL FORTESCUE. 343

John, the eldest son and heir, married Jaquetta, eldest daugh-
ter of Ralph St. Leger, Esq. by whom he had issue

Batholomew Fortescue, of Filleigh and Weare-Gifford,
Esq. who had issue e

Richard Foktescue, Esq. his son and heir, who was father
of

Hugh Fortescue, Esq. his son and heir, who had to wife Eli-
zabeth, eldest daughter of Sir John Chichester, of Raleigh, in
com. Devon, and sister of Sir Arthur Chichester, Baron of Bel-
fast, and Lord Deputy of Ireland, by whom he was father of

John Fortescue, Esq. He wedded Elizabeth, daughter of
Sir John Specot, Knt. and from them proceeded

Hugh Fortescue, Esq. their son and heir, who died l66l,
and by Mary his wife/ daughter of Robert Rolle, ancestor to Lord
Rolle, had five sons :

1. Colonel Robert Fortescue, who married Grace, daughter to
Sir Bevile Granville, of Stowe, in Cornwall, Knt. and sister to
John, Earl of Bath, but died without male issue.

2. Arthur, of whom hereafter.

3. Edmonds Fortescue, of London, Esq. who married Sarah, eldest
daughter to Henry Aland, of Waterford, Esq. who died l681,h
and sister to Henry, who died without issue in 1083; and dying
1691, left three sons. ]. Edmund Fortescue Aland, of Speccot,
Esq. who died unmarried, in August, 1704. 2. Sir John Fortescue
Aland, created Lord Fortescue. 3. Henry, born March 17th,

published in the Supplemental volume to Pope's Works, 1807, 8vo. extracted
from Polwhele's Devonshire j where see more of this family.

John Fortescue, by his second wife, Susanna Chichester, had issue Sir Faith-
ful Fortescue, who removed into Ireland early in the reign of King James I. and
was settled at Dromisken, in the county of Louth. His conduct at the battle of
Edgehill is to be found in Clarendon. He survived the Restoration. His eldest
son, Chichester, was ancestor of Sir Chichester Fortescue, Ulster King of Arms.
His second son, William, settled at Newragh, in the county of Louth, and dying
1 733, left issue, Thomas of Randalstown, who dying, 1769, aged eighty-six, left
William-Henry, his son and heir, who was advanced to the Irish Peerage, by the
title of Lord Clermont, 1770; created a Viscount, with remainder to the issue male
of his brother, James, 1776} and Earl of Clermont, 1777. He died 1806, and
was succeeded as Viscount Clermont by his nephew, William-Charles Fortescue.

e He had also a second son Levi, who had three sons ; James, Nicholas, and
Martin j and Mary, wife of Robert Yeo, of Heanton Sackvilie, Esq. Archdall.
f Pedigree of Rolle, by John Warburcon, Esq. Someiset Herald.

% This is on the authority of Archdall's Irish Peerage ; for former editiors of
Collins deduce him from the Irish branch.

** Biogr. Diet. I. 18 x.

344 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

1678, died unmarried in 1702. Sir John, second son, was born
March 7th, 16705 educated at Oxford, and the Inner Temple, of
which last he was chosen reader 1716. On October 22d, 1714,
he was appointed Solicitor-General to the Prince of Wales; and
December 16th, 1716, Solicitor-General to the King; appointed
a Baron of the Exchequer, January 24th, 1717; and May 1 5 1 h >
1718, a Judge of the King's Bench. At the accession of George IT.
his commission was superseded. However, the next year after
his removal, on 27th January, 1728, he was appointed a Judge of
the Common Pleas, in which he continued till Trinity Term,
1746, when he resigned; having sat in the superior courts of
Westminster for the long period of thirty years. On this occasion
he was, in testimony of his services, created Lord Fortescue, of
Credan, in the kingdom of Ireland, by patent August 15th, 1746;
which honour he enjoyed but a short time, dying 19th December
following, aged seventy-six. He deservedly had the name of one
perfectly read in the Northern and Saxon literature. His juridi-
cal writings were, 1. Sir John Fortescue's difference between an
absolute and limited Monarchy, written in the time of Hen. VI.
with Remarks by the Editor, 1714, 17 19, 8vo. 2. Law Reports,
1784, fol. posthumous. 3. The same Preface to both these
works, which is an excellent historical treatise in commendation
of the laws and constitution of England.11 His eldest son, John,
having died before him in 1742, he was succeeded by his son
Dormer, second Lord Fortescue, on whose death without issue,
1781, the title expired.

4. Joseph Fortescue.

5. Samuel, of Ware, who left a son, John, father of Samuel
Fortescue, of Ware.

Arthur, second son> before mentioned, married a daughter of
Elford, Esq. and had issue by her four sons :

1st. Hugh, of Filleigh, of whom hereafter.

2d. John, of Penwarn, in Cornwall.

3d. Arthur, of St. Endar, and of Penwarn, who died in Octo-
ber, 1735, leaving a son, John.

4th. Joseph.

Hugh Fortescue, of Filleigh, Esq. the eldest, married, first,
Bridget, sole daughter and heir of Hugh Boscawen, of Tregothnan,
in Cornwall, by Margaret his wife, fifth daughter, and at length
coheir of Theophilus Clinton, Earl of Lincoln (whose eldest sister
was married to Robert Rolle, of Heanton-Sackville-court, in com.
Devon, Esq. and dying in 1667, had issue by her Samuel Rolle,

EARL FORTESCUE. 345

Esq. whose sole daughter and heir, Margaret, was married in
1 724, to Robert> Lord Walpole, afterwards second Earl of Or-
ford, and was mother to George, the third Earl of Orford.)

The Barony of Clinton being therefore in abeyance, King
George I. conferred it on Hugh Fortescue, Esq. son and heir of
the before -mentioned Hugh and Bridget, by writ of summons to
parliament, March 16th, 1721, who thus became Lord Clin-
ton 5 and he took his seat in the house of Peers, as the ancient
Barons Clinton, who by several summonses had enjoyed the honour
from February 6th, 1298, 26 Edward I. On April 11th, 1721,
he was constituted Lord Lieutenant and Custos Rotulorum of
Devonshire.

In 1723, his Lordship was appointed one of the Lords of the
Bed-chamber to the King; and, on May 27th, 1725, elected a
Knight of the most honourable order of the Bath. At his late
Majesty's accession to the throne, he was, on July 24th, 1727,
appointed one of the Lords of his Bed-chamber, and, on October
2rJth following, constituted Lord Lieutenant and Custos Rotulo-
rum of Devonshire; both which he resigned on April 13th, 1733.
On July 5th, 1 746, his Majesty was pleased to create him Lord
Fortescue, Baron of Castle hill, in com. Devon, and Earl
Clinton, with limitation of the barony to Matthew Fortescue,
Esq. his brother (by his father's second wife), and his heirs male;
and his Lordship deceasing on May 3d, 1751, was succeeded in
the barony of Castle-hill by his brother Matthew, and in that of
Clinton, by Margaret, Countess Dowager of Orford before men-
tioned; which Barony of Clinton will be more particularly treated
of in Vol. VI. of this work.

But I shall now take notice, that their father had also issue by
his wife Bridget,

Boscawen Fortescue, second son, who died December 1st, 17l9>
and was buried at Filleigh.

Theophilus Fortescue, third son, who was chosen for the bo-
rough of Barnstaple, to the parliament summoned to meet on
November 28th, \72J, also to the succeeding parliament in 1734,
He was elected one of the Knights for Devonshire in 1741, died
unmarried during the sitting of that parliament, on March 12th.,
1745, and was buried at Filleigh.

Also two daughters; 1. Margaret, who died unmarried in
1760, and was buried at^ Filleigh. 2. Bridget, who died unmar-
ried in April, 1742, and was buried at Filleigh.

The said Hugh Fortescue (Earl Clinton's father), married, to

346 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

his second wife, Lucy, daughter to Matthew, first Lord Aylmer,
in the kingdom of Ireland ; and by her, who died February 18th,
1767, aged eighty, and was buried at Filleigh, had issue,
Matthew, second Lord Fortescue; and a daughter,
Lucy, who was married in 1/42 to the Right Honourable Sir
George Lyttelton, Bart, late Lord Lyttelton,1 and died on January
19th, 1746.

Which Matthew, second Lord Fortescue, took his seat
in parliament on May I7tnj 1751. His Lordship (who was High
Steward of Barnstaple), married on June 8th, 1752, Anne, se-
cond daughter k to John Campbell, of Calder, in Scotland, and
of Stakpole-court, in the county of Pembroke, Esq. one of the
Lords Commissioners of the Treasury; and by her Ladyship had
issue,

1. Hugh Fortescue, present Earl.

2. Matthew, born on April 12th, 1754; a superannuated Cap-
tain in the Navy,1 married in June, 1 795, Lady Ackland, widow
of Sir T. Ackland, Bart.

3. John, born on March 6tb, 1755, died single in March,
1773. And,

Lucy, born July 20th, 1 J 56, and married, September #

1778, to the Rev. Mr. Harrington.

His Lordship died July 8th, 1785, and was succeeded by his
eldest son,

Hugh, first and present Earl Fortescue, born March 12th,
1753.

His Lordship is Lord Lieutenant, Custos Rotulorum, and Vice-
admiral of Devonshire, High Steward of Barnstaple and South
Moulton.

His Lordship married, May 10th, 17S2, Hester Grenville,
sister to George, Marquis of Buckingham, K. G. by whom he
has

Hugh, Viscount Ebrington, M.P. for Barnstaple, 1804, 1806,
in the Army, born February 13th, 17S3.

Hester, born December 17th, 1784; married May 26th, 1804,
Peter, Lord King.

Matthew, born in August, 1786-

George, Cornet in the 14th Light Dragoons.

* She was the subject of that Peer's celebrated Monodj.
k Aunt to Lord Cawdor.
1 He has a son, Matthew, a Lieutenant in the Coldstream regiment of Foot
Guards, who must have been by a former wife.

EARL FORTESCUE. 347

His Lordship was advanaed to the dignities of discount Ebring-
ton, and Earl Fortescue, August 18th, 17SQ.

Titles. Hugh Fortescue, Lord Fortescue, Baron of Castle-hill,
Viscount Ebrington, and Earl Fortescue.

Creations. Baron Fortescue, of Castle-hill, July 5th, 1746, 20
George II. j Viscount Ebrington, and Earl Fortescue, August 18th,

1789.
Arms. Azure, a Bend ingrailed, Argent, cotized, Or.

Crest. On a wreath, a plain shield, Argent.

Supporters. Two greyhounds, Argent, each having a ducal
collar, and line, Gules.

Motto. Forte Scutum Salus Ducum.

Chief Seats. At Filleigh, and at Castle-hill, both in Devon-
shire,

348 PEERAGE OF ENGLANLl

DIGBY, EARL DIGBY.

The surname of this ancient and honourable family a is said to
be originally Tilton, assumed from their residence at b Tilton,
in the county of Leicester, where they possessed a fair estate in
the reign of Henry II. in whose time lived Sir John Tilton, who
gave certain parcels of land in Billersdon and Kirby-Bellers, in
that county, to the lepers of St. Lazarus of Jerusalem, which the
King confirmed to the infirm brethren of Burton- Lazars. In
1256, 40 Henry III. the family removing from Tilton to c Digby,
in the county of Lincoln, received a name from that place, which
hath ever since been retained} and of this line we read of

John Digby, who*1 in the 11th, 12th, 14th, 15th, 32d, and
33d years of Edward I. was a Commissioner for the gaol-delivery
at Warwick, and served that King in his wars. He lies buried at
Tilton, under a tomb, adorned with his effigies at full length, and
cross-]egged, holding a shield of his arms of the Fleur de lis, with
the sun and moon thereon, and this line,

Jehan de Digby, gist icy, praiez pour luy.
To him succeeded Robert de Diggeby, to whom, in the reign

a There is a famous genealogy of the Digbys of Tilton, compiled by the direc-
tion of Sir Kenelrn, in 1634, at the expence of 1200I. Pennant was furnished
with the use of it by his neighbour, Watkin Williams, Esq. See Journey to Lon-
don, p. 328.

b Lib. rub. f, 99. b. ■ * Rot. f. 40 Henry III. m. 7. — —

d Pat. de iisd. Ann. in d.

EARL DIGBY. 34£

of Henry III. William Franceis conveyed certain lands in Billers-
don, in Leicestershire; and by Catharine, daughter and coheir of
Simon Pakeman, he was father of

Simon, otherwise Everard Digby, Esq. who marrying Agnes,
daughter of John Clarke, and widow of Richard Seddale, had
issue e

Everard Digby, of Tilton, and three other sons, who all in
1440, 1 Edward IV. lost their lives at Towton-Field, in the county
of York, fighting against that King, on the part of his unfortu-
nate predecessor Henry VI. -

Everard Digby, of Tilton, Esq. (for he was not a Knight, as
lome make him), was ' also possessed of the lordship of Digby,
and the manor of Stoke-Dry, or Drystoke/ in the county of Rut-
land, the latter whereof descended to him from Richard Digby,
who was interred in the church there, with Agnes his wife, who
only survived him a few days, under an alabaster gravestone, with
this circumscription :

. Hicjacent Ricardus Digbi et Agnes Uxor
Ejus, qui quidem Ricardus obiit xvii°. die
Mensis Octobris, et Agnes obiit penultimo
Die Mensis Octobris, Anno Domini M. CCC.
Septuagesimo nono, quorum Animabus
Propitietur Deus. Amen.

In 1434, 12 Henry VI. the King's Commissioners returned the
said Everard one of the Gentry of the county of Huntingdon, in
which reign he was Sheriff and Member of Parliament for the
county of Rutland; but being killed in the said battle of Towton,
he left issue by h Jaqueta, daughter and coheir to Sir John Ellys,
of Devonshire, seven sons and a daughter, Baringold, married to
Robert Hunt, of Lynden, in Rutlandshire, living 20 Henry VII.
This Jaqueta ' lies buried in the church of Stoke-Dry, under an
alabaster tomb, adjoining to the South wall, with this memorial
round the verge :

e Ex vet. Membr. f Wright's Antiquities of Rutland.

f Pennant says, Stoke-Dry descended to him by the marriage of Everard Dig-
by, Esq. with Agnes, daughter of Francis Clare, of Wyssenden and Stoke-Dry,
Esq. Journey to London, p. 328.

* Visit, com. Leicest. anno 1634. * Wright's Antiq. of Rutland.

350 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

Hicjacet Jaqueta Digbi, quondam Uxor Eve:
irardi Digbi Armigeri, quce quidem obiit vi:
cessimo nono die Mensis Junii, Anno Domini
M°. CCCC. LXXXXV1. Cujus Animce propitietur Deus.

The k seven sons, not forgetting the Lancastrian cause, fought
resolutely at Bosworth, against King Richard III. and were,

1. Sir Everard, of whom presently.

2. Simon, of Coles-Hill, in the county of Warwick, ancestor
to the Lord Digby.

3. Sir John, of Eye-Kettleby, in the county of Leicester, who
1 was knighted by King Henry VII. for his services at the field
of Bosworth; appointed Knight-Mareschal of his household ;
Steward to the priory of Lewes, in Sussex ; Sheriff in 1515, for
the counties of Warwick and Leicester, and for that of Rutland,
in the years 1491, 1517, and 1523. On the 18th of July, 1511,
he accompanied Sir Edward Poynings, Captain of 1 500 archers,
in aid of Margaret, Duchess of Savoy, daughter to Maximilian
the Emperor, Governess of Flanders and the Low-Countries ap-
pertaining to Charles, the young Prince of Castile, against the
Duke of Guelders, when they performed their commission, by
restoring peace to that country. In 1513, he attended King
Henry VIII. to Calais, and fought valiantly in the battle of The-
rouenne, but died 25 Henry VIII. having a monument erected
to his memory at in Frisby, and another at Melton, where he lies
buried, both adorned with his coat-armour, and this epitaph on
the latter:

Of your Devotion arid Charity,

Say a Pater-noster and an Ave.

That God to his Grace and Light

Meceive the Soul of Sir John Digby, Knight,

And of Dame Catharine and Dame Anne his wives.

Which Sir John Digby died Anno Do1. 1533.

By his first wife, Catharine, daughter to Sir Nicholas Griffin,
of Bra) brook, in the county of Northampton, Knight of the Bath,
he had two sons, William, who left no issue $ Simon 5 and a

k Dugd. Warw. fo. 270. i Ibid.

81 Burton's Leicestershire, p. 109.

EARL DIGBY. 351

daughter, Elizabeth, married to Humphry Hercy, of Grove, in
Nottinghamshire, Esq. whose son, Sir John Hercy, left no issue.
Simon Digby, Esq. was pensioner to King Henry VIII. and
Sheriff of the county of Rutland, in 1548 and 1555; married Ca-
tharine, daughter to Clapham, of Beamsley, in Yorkshire;

and deceasing in 156 1, was buried under a monument on the
south side of North-Luffenham church, leaving Roger Digby,
Esq. who settled at Luffenham, being possessed of a moiety of
that manor. He married Mary, daughter to John Cheney, of
Agmondisham, in the county of Bucks, Esq. died in 1582, and
was buried under a mnnument, by his father, leaving James, his
heir, who, by his first wife, Catharine, daughter to Kenelm
Digby, of Stoke-Dry, had a daughter, Ursula, married to George
ClhTord, of Brackenburgh, in the county of Lincoln, Esq. and a
son, John Digby, of North-LufFenham, Esq. who married Mary,
only daughter to Richard Martin, of Long-Melford, in Suffolk,
Esq. (who died March 8th, 1624), by his second wife, Barbara,
daughter to Thomas Daniel, of Acton, in that county, Esq.) and
had James, his successor, who marrying Elizabeth, daughter to
James Ravenscroft, Esq. had five sons, and four daughters;
James, who died unmarried; John, ancestor to the Luffenham
branch; George, Joseph, Simon; Mary, married to Maurice Rich,
merchant; Elizabeth, Catharine, and Magdalen.

4. Libaeus, also seated at Luffenham, who married — ,

daughter of Hunt ; their son, Thomas Digby, of Coates,

Esq. had an only daughter, Anne, who carried a good estate to
her husband, John Burton, of Stockerston, in the county of Lei-
cester, Esq. by whom she was mother of Sir Thomas Burton,
created a Baronet, July the 22d, 1G22.

5. Rowland, of Welby, in the county of Leicester, who be-
came possessed thereof in the reign of Henry VII. by marriage
with Agnes, daughter and heir of John Sheldon, and left it to his
son John, whose posterity continued here until the time of Jas. I.
when it was sold to a citizen of London.

6. Sir Thomas Digby, seated at Oulney, in the county of
Bucks, and honoured with knighthood by King Henry VII. on
his victory at Bosworth, who also made him a Gentleman-usher
of his Chamber, and conferred on him the Bailywick of Oulney,
with the custody of the Park there; and his daughter, Catharine,
was first married to Simon Wheeler, of Kenilworth; and, se-
condly, to John Fisher, of Packington-Magna, Esqrs. in which

352 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

church she lies buried by him, under a monument, with their
arms impaled.

7. Benjamin, of Bathiey, in the county of Norfolk.

Sir Everard, the eldest son of Everard Digby, Lord of Tilton,
and Drystoke, was progenitor to the families of Drystoke, in the
county of Rutland, and Sandon, in the county of Stafford. He
was Sheriff of the former county in 1459, I486, and 14QQ ; and
from the 25th to the 38th years of Henry VI. inclusive, its re-
presentative in parliament. He died in 150g,n and was buried
under a tomb in the church of Tilton, leaving

Sir Everard, his heir, who also served the office of Sheriff for
the said county in 1513, 1518, 1528, and 1532, and for Leicester
and Warwick, in 1521. He deceased in 1540, and was buried
in a chapel on the south side of the chancel of Drystoke church,
under a handsome tomb, supporting the figure of an armed
knight, with this circumscription \

Hicjacet Everardus Digby, Miles qui ohiit
TJndecimo die Aprilis, Anno Domini CCCCC.
XL. Cujus Animee propitietur Deus. Amen.

He married Mary, daughter to Sir John Heydon, and had
Kenelm Digby, of Drystoke, Esq. (by some falsely made a
Knight), also Sheriff of the county of Rutland for the years 1541,
1549, 1554, 156], 1567, and 1585, and representative thereof in
parliament from 1 Edward VI. to 14 Eliz. inclusive. He mar-
ried Anne, daughter to Sir Anthony Cope, of Hanwell, in the
county of Oxford, Knt. Vice-Chamberlain to Queen Catharine,
wife of Henry VIII. and deceasing in 1590, was buried in the
chancel of Stoke-Dry, adjoining to the partition wall of the cha-
pel, where his father lay, under a tomb, with this memorial on
the verge :

n This Sir Everard is omitted in some pedigrees, as he is by Mr. Wright, in
his History of Rutlandshire, and other copiers from him ; but their mistake (oc-
casioned by the name occurring thrice in succession), is evident, if it be consi-
dered that (supposing hina to be omitted), there is the space of 100 years between
the deaths of father and son, viz. Everard, killed at Towton, 1440, and Sir Eve-
rard, who died in 1540.

The matter is indeed now decided, by the copy of his curious will, printed
by Pennant, ut supr. p. 328, 329. It appears thence, that he had another son,
John, and four daughters; Alice, Ellen, Katharine, a nua at Sernpiingham, and,
Darnegold.

EARL D1GBY. 353

Here lye the Bodies of Kenelm Digby, Esq.
Which Kenelme deceased the 21. of April 15()0;
And of Anne his Wyfe> which Anne deceased

The

And under their arms, impaled, this motto;
Nul que Ung. None but One.

Their issue were three sons and one daughter: Everard; An-
thony, of Aston, who died childless; John, of Seaton, both in
Rutlandshire; and Anne, married in April, 156/, to Sir Edward
Watson, of Rockingham castle, in the county of Northampton:
and she deceasing February the 1/th, l6ll, was mother of Lewis,
created Lord Rockingham.

Everard, the eldest son, being educated in St. John's College,
Cambridge, took the degree of A. M. and was Fellow of that
House; a person of learning, and publisher of several books.0
He died at Drystoke, in or about the year 15()2, having issue by
Mary/ daughter and coheir to Francis Nele, of Prestwould, and
widow of Sampson Erdesvvick, of Sandon, in Staffordshire, Esqrs.
three sons and two daughters. 1. Sir Everard, his heir. 2.
George. 3. John. 4. Mary, married to Sir Robert Wright,
otherwise Reeve, of Thwaite, in the aforesaid county; and Eli-
zabeth.

George, the second son, was seated at Sandon, and his only sur-
viving child, Jane, was first married to Charles, the fourth Lord
Gerard, of Gerard's-Bromley, and had an only son, Digby, the
fifth Lord; and, secondly, to Sir Edward Hungerford, and died
in Novemher, 1603.*!

o See their titles in Biogr. Dictionary, V. 44.

P She was born in 1559, and was great grand-daughter to Sir Christopher
Nele, by his wife, Mary, daughter of John Digby, of Walby, before men-
tioned.

*I This accomplished Lady (says Dr. Plot, in h's Natural History of Saftord-
shire), by her tntst exquisite sagacity, and perspicacious insight into the most hid-
den recesses of nature, first discovered the restorative virtues of the well in VVii-
lough bridge Park (where no less than threescore springs lie within the space of
ten yards square), and, at her charitable expence, inclosed several of the springs
with square stones, to preserve them pure and fie, both for bathing and drink-
ing ; and divers apartments were built for lod^in$ the poorer sort of diseased im-

VOL. V. a A

354 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

Sir Everard Digby, the eldest son, born in 1581, was knighted
by King James I. was one of the most beautiful men of his time,
and by the accomplishments of bis mind, reputed one of the
finest gentlemen in England/ but being drawn (as Camden says)
into the Powder- Plot, was much pitied, for that it was his ill fate
to suffer for it, by being convicted the 27th, and executed the
30th of January, 1 605, at the west end of St. Paul's church, aged
twenty-four years.8 He married Mary, daughter and heir to Wil-
liam Mulsho, of Gothurst, in the county of Bucks, Esq. with
whom he had a great fortune, and left two sons;

1. Sir Kenelm. And,

2. Sir John Digby, Knight, who very readily served King
Charles I. in whose army he was a Colonel, and a Major- General
in the western parts of England, and was killed in his Majesty's
service.

Sir Kenelm Digby, the elder son, was seated at Gothurst, his
mother's inheritance, where he was born June 11th, 1603, and
about the year 1618 (says Ant. a' Wood), was sent to Gloucester-
Hall, in Oxford, after he had been trained up in the Protestant
religion under the direction of Archbishop Laud, then Dean of
Gloucester (which, in 1 636, he left for that of Rome), and com-
mitted to the care of Mr. Thomas Allen, one of the most learned
men of those times, who, discerning the natural strength of his
faculties, directed him in the right method of applying his won-'
derful capacity, which he frequently compared to that of the
celebrated wit of Italy, Picus de Mirandula, by saying, that he
was the Mirandula of his age. He continued there a Gentleman-
Commoner above two years, and then travelling for a time in
France, Spain, and Italy, received the honour of knighthood at
his return, Ocober 28th, 1623, from the King, at Hinching-
broke.

potent people ; so that it is hard to determine whether the world stands more in-
debted to her Ladyship'i philisoph'cal or theological virtues; whether to her
knowledge as first finder, or her piety as founder of those sanative wells.
r See his life in Biogr. Diet, ut supr. V. 44.
* Religion was the only motive of Sir Everard's engagement in the Gunpow-
der-plot, as he acknowledged at his trial; to introduce which he resolved to hazard
his life and estate; protesting, that if he had thought there had been the least
sin in the plot, he would not have been of it for all the world ; and the reason
why he kept it secret was, because they, who were best able to judge of the law-
fulness of it, had been acquainted with it, and given way unto it; and therefore,
afterwards, he calls it the best cause.

EARL DIGBY. 355

In the beginning of King Charles's reign, he was made a Gen-
tleman of the Bedchamber 5 was a Commissioner of the Navyj
and some disputes having happened with the Venetians, in the
Mediterranean, by which the English trade suffered, as well as
by the depredations of the Algerines, he was appointed, in 1628,
commander of a small squadron, destined to the Levant (at which
time he was styled, a secretiori Conclavi ad Carolum I. et in Re-
bus Maritimis Administrator pnecipuus) , and acquired great
honour by his gallant behaviour at Algier, in taking several armed
vessels, redeeming many English slaves, and (June l6th) by
bearing up so bravely in the resolute attack of the Venetian fleet,
with a very inferior force, in the Bay of Scanderoon, whereby he
brought the Venetians also to reason.

When the civil wars broke out, he shewed himself active for
the King; and in l63g, with the Abbot Walter Montagu, was
employed by the Queen, to prevail with the Roman Catholics
for a liberal contribution to raise forces against the Scots; for
which, and other services, he was imprisoned by the Parliament,
in Winchester-House, London, until released August 3d, 1643,
upon certain conditions, at the intercession of the Queen-Dow-
ager of France, who wrote a letter, with her own hand, in his
favour, whereupon he retired to that kingdom; but returning
afterwards to England, in order to compound for his estate, he
was (notwithstanding his composition), voted by the Parliament
to depart the Commonwealth, and not return without leave, un-
der pain of death, and confiscation of his estate; and during his
exile, being Chancellor to Henrietta-Maria, the Queen Mother
of England, she sent him her Envoy from France, to Pope Inno-
nocent the Xth ; after which he is said to temporise with Crom-
well, and promote his interests.

This " Magazine of all Arts" or (as Edward Leigh, in his
Treatise of Religion and Learning, page 180, called him), the
Ornament of England, wrote several learned books; was a great
benefactor to the Bodleian library, by presenting to it, in 1633, a
large collection of MSS.; recovered the reputation of his family,
and rendered it famous through the Christian world. He re-
turned to England in l66l ; Was appointed one of the Council on
the first settlement of the Royal Society, and died, at his house in
Covent-Garden, on his birth-day, June 11th, 16(55, aet. 62, and
was buried in a vault, built at his own charge, under the east end
of the South aisle of Christ-Church, within Newgate, London,

356 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

with his wife, Venetta/ daughter and coheir to Sir Edward Stan-
ley (grandson to Edward, Earl of Derby), of Tonge-Castle, in
Shropshire, Knight of the Bath; by his wife, the Lady Lucy
Percy, daughter and coheir to Thomas, Earl of Northumberland,
to whose memory he had erected a stately altar-monument of
black marble, with her bust, of copper, gilt, fixed thereto, thus
inscribed :

Insig. prceclariss. Dominie D. Venetice Digby e
Familia Stanleyorum, Coin. Darhia:, ex parte
Patris, et Percioruyi, Com. Northuinbria,
Materno jure, aliisque quamplurimis Christian.
Oriis Principibus oriundte.

The year after his burial the monument was. defaced, when the
church itself was burnt in the dismal conflagration, which then
happened in London; and the following lines were composed, by
way of epitaph, for him:

Under this Tomb the matchless Digby lies,
Dlgb-v the Great, the Valiant, and the Wise;
This Age's wonder for his noble Parts,
Skili'd in six. Tongues, and learn'd in all the Arts;

t Pennant speaks of a famous picture of Venetia, Lady Digby, " in a Roman
habit, with curled locks. In one hand is a seipent, the other is on a pair of
white doves. She is painted at Windsor in the same emblematic manner, but in
a different dress, and with accompanyments, explanatory of the emblems. The
doves shew her innocency j the serpent, which she handles with impunity, shews
her triumph over the envenomed tongues of the times. We know not the par-
ticulars of the stoiy. Lord Clarendon must allude to her exculpation of the
charge, whatsoever it was, when he jnentions her, as l a Lady of extraordinary
beauty, of as extraordinary fame.* In the same picture is a genius about to
p'ace a wreath on htr hea^. Beneath her is a Cupid prcstrate; and behind him
is Calumny with two faces, flung down, and bound ; a beautiful compliment to'
her victory over malevolence. Sir Kenelm was so enamoured with her beauty,
that he was said to have attempted tw exalt her charms by 4 variety of whimsical
experiments. Among others, that of feeding her with capons fed with the flesh
of vipers ; and that to improve her complexion, he was perpetually inventing new
cosmetics. Probably she fell ^ victim to these arts; for she was found dead in
bed, May i^t, 1 63 3, set. j$." Journey to London, 33$. There is a print of
Lady Venetia, and another of her mother, in Harding s Biogr. Mirror, Vol. Ill-

EARL DIGBY. 357

Born on the Day he died, th' Eleventh of June,

And that Day bravely fought at Seanderoonj

It's rare that one and the same Day should be

His Day of Birth, of Death, of Victory. R. Ferrar.

" Sir Kenelm Digby (says the noble historian) was a person
very eminent and notorious throughout the whole course of his-
life, from his cradle to his grave: of an ancient family, and noble
extraction; and inherited a fair and plentiful fortune, notwith-
standing the attainder of his father. He was a man of a very ex-
traordinary person and presence, which drew the eyes of all men
upon him$ which were more fixed by a wonderful graceful beha-
viour, a flowing courtesy and civility, and such a volubility of
language, as surprised and delighted; and though in another man
it might have appeared to have somewhat of affectation, it was
marvellous graceful in him, and seemed natural to his size, and
mould of his person, to the gravity of his motion, and the tone
of his voice and delivery. He had a fair reputation in arms, of
which he gave an early testimony in his youth, in some encoun-
ters in Spain and Italy, and afterwards in an action in the Me-
diterranean Sea, where he had the command of a squadron of
ships of war, set out at his own charge, under the King's commis-
sion; with which, upon an injury received,, or apprehended from
the Venetians, he encountered their whole fleet, killed many of
their men, and sunk one of their galeasses; which in that drowsy
and unactive time, was looked upon with a general estimation,
though the crown disavowed it. In a word, he had all the ad-
vantages that nature, and art, and an excellent education, could
give him, which, with a great confidence and presentnessof mind,
buoyed him up against all those prejudices and disadvantages (as
the attainder and execution of his father for a crime of the highest
nature; his own marriage with a Lady, though of an extraordi-
nary beauty, of as extraordinary a fame; his changing and re-
changing his religion; and some personal vices, and licences in
his life), which would have suppressed and sunk any other man,
but never clouded or eclipsed him, from appearing in the best
places, and the best company, and with tlfe best estimation and
satisfaction."

" Sir Kenelm Digby (adds Dr. Kippis) seems to .have ob-
tained a reputation that was beyond his merit. He was undoubt-
edly a man of strong natural abilities, and possessed of consider-
able learning} but he has no claim to the character of a sound

358 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

philosopher. His notions were visionary, and his credulity very
great ; besides which, we are afraid that his veracity may some-
times be called in question. It is not easy to give credit to all
which he relates concerning his Sympathetic Powder; and it is
still more difficult to believe his story of the transmutations of a
fixed salt, though he asserted that he had experienced them him-
self. We admire the candour of our ingenious predecessor in his
narration of these matters, but we cannot pay an equal compli-
ment to his judgment."11

By Venetia, his Lady (who was found dead in bed, leaning her
head ou her hand), Sir Kenelm had two sons; Kenelm j John;
and a daughter, Margery, married to Edward Dudley, of Clopton,
in the county of Northampton, Esq.

Kenelm, the elder son, a young Gentleman of great hopes,
appeared for the King, July 7th, 1648, with the Duke of Buck-
ingham, and others, under the Earl of Holland, near Kingston,
in Surrey, but being attacked before they could well form, they
were obliged to retreat; and being surprised at St. Neots, in
Huntingdonshire, by Colonel Adrian Scrope's regiment of horse,
were, after a gallant defence, totally routed, and he was killed on
the spot.

John Digby, Esq. his brother, succeeded at Gothurst, and
married, first, Catharine, eldest surviving daughter to Henry,
Earl of Arundel, Norfolk, and Surrey, sister of Thomas Howard,
restored to the Dukedom of Norfolk; and, secondly, Margaret,
fourth daughter to Sir Edward Longueville, of Wolverton, in
Bucks, by Margaret, daughter to Sir Thomas Temple, of Stow,
Baronet, and by her he had two daughters, coheirs.

1. Margaretta-Maria, first wife to Sir John Conway, of Bodry-
than, in Flintshire, Bart, by whom she had one son, Henry (who
died before his father, leaving an only child, Honora, married to
Sir John Glynne, of Hawarden-Castle, in the same county, Bart.)
and one daughter, Margaretta, married to Sir Thomas Longue-
ville, of Eastclusham, in the county of Denbigh, Barf.

2. Charlotta-Theophila, born in 1671, was married in lfJ87 to
Richard Mostyn, of Penbeddw, youngest son of Sir Roger Mos-
tyn, of Mostyn, Bart, died March 17th, ]6g3, and was buried,
under a marble monument, in the church of Nannerch, Flintshire,
having one son, Richard, and three daughters; Penelope, who
died, a nun, abroad; Bridget, married to Lytton Lytton, of Kneb-

u Bio^raphia Biitannica, V. 197.

EARL DIGBY. 359

worth, in Hertfordshire, Esq. who died without issue ; and Char-
lotta, to Richard, third and youngest son of Sir William Williams,
of Llandvorda, in Shropshire, and brother to the late Sir Watkyn
Williams Wynne, Bart.x

I now proceed with Sir Simon Digby, second son of Sir Eve-
rard, who was killed at Towton-Field, ancestor to the Lord
Digby. Which Simon, seeing the House of York prevail, be-
haved so obsequiously to King Edward IV. that in 1477, he
received from him the honour of Knighthood, with the annuity
of ten pounds, issuing out of Retford Mills, in the county of Not-
tingham, as a recompence of his faithful services ; and within
two years after, pro bono et commodifero Servitio, quod idem Si-
mon tiiultimodis laboribus et expensis nobis perantea et multipli-
citer impendit (as the King expresseth himself), had the forester-
ship of Thornewoods, in the southern part of Shi re wood- Forest,
conferred on him for life, with the fee of four-pence a day : yet,
no sooner did the Earl of Richmond appear in England, though
but with slender forces, than he and his six valiant brothers joined
him, and stoutly fought for him, at Bosworth, against King Ri-
chard III. when that Usurper being slain, and the Earl crowned
in the field, by the name of Henry VII. he rewarded the faithful
services of the Digbys as before related, and considering Sir Simon
as a principal actor in that decisive battle, he made him, in the
first year of his reign (1-485), Steward of the Lordships of Up-
pingham, Preston, Barroughdon, Esenden, and Gretham, in the
county of Rutland, with all the lands in that shire, which had
belonged to George, Duke of Clarence, to hold for life j and also
Steward and Receiver of the manor of Bedale, in Yorkshire.

The next year he was a Commander for the King, at the battle
of Stoke, against the famous impostor Lambert Simnel, who was
entirely routed ; in consideration of which, and other services,
the King, in 1487, gave to him, and his heirs male, the manor of
Ravysbury, in Surrey; appointing him also, the next year, Comp-
troller of the Petty Customs in the Port of London, and confirm-
ing him in the forestership of Thornewoods. By patent, dated
at Westminster, December 23d, 1495 (11 Henry VII.) the King
granted to him, and his heirs male, the Lordship of Coles-Hill,
in the county of Warwick, upon the confiscation of Sir Simon

* See a print of G ;thurst (which was sold to George Wright, Esq, in 1704)*
in Pennant, ut supr.

360 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

Montfort, the preceding year, which hath ever since continued
the principal residence of his family; he being, at that time,
Deputy to John, E-irl of Oxford, Constable of the Tower of Lon-
don. In M96, he was commissioned to exercise martial law in
the counties of Devon and Cornwall, against divers malefactors;
and in 1506, was the first in Commission for the Peare in the
county of Warwick, as the next year he was for the Gaol-De:ivery
at Warwick; and by his Majesty's grants of these several offices
and estates, his posterity grew considerable, and much in favour
with succeeding Princes.

In 1509 and 1517, he was Sheriff of the counties of Leicester
and Warwick; and by his last will, bearing date August 22d,
1517, ordered his body to be buried in the chancel of Coles-Hill
church, und^-r the tomb made by himself, which still remains;
and deceasing February 27th, 1519, was there buried, by his
Lady, with this memorial:

Hie jacent Corpora Symonis Digby Armigeri,
et AUcie Uxoris ejus, qui quidem Symon oliit
xxvii die fel-ruarii Anno Dom. Mill. CCCCCXIX.
Et Dicta Alicia oliit — die — Anno Dom. M.CCCCC.

She was daughter and heir to John Walleys, of East-Radston,
in Devonshire, Esq. and their issue weie two sons, and three
daughters; viz.

1. Reginald, his heir.

2. Thomas, of Mansfield Woodhouse, in the county of Not-
tingham, whose descendant, John Digby, Esq. was Membe r o
Parliament for East-Retford, m the reigns of Queen Anne and
George I. and left a son, John, who died without issue; and two
daughters, who became coheirs to their brother; Frances, mar-
ried in 1726, to Sir Thomas Legard, of Ganton, in Yorkshire,
Bart, (father of Sir Digby Legard); and Philadelphia, May 31st,
1730, to Sir George Cayley, of Brompton, in the said county,
Bart.

The three daughters were, Catharine, married to Anthony
Worth, of Worth, Esq.; Agnes, to William Tracy, of Todding-
ton, Esq.; and Alice, to Robert Clifton, Esq. and lies buried
under a flat marble, in the chancel, at Coles-Hill, with her effi-
gies engraven thereon, in the dress of the times, and this circum-
scription :

EARL DIGBY. 3<5i

Of your Charity, pray for the Soul of Alice
Clifton, late the IVyjje of Robert Clifton, Esq. and
Daughter of Simon Digby, Esq. ' Which Alice
Died the Year of our Lord God M.CCCCC.XL.
On whme Soule Jhu have Mercy. Amen.

Reginald Digby, of Coles Hill, Warwickshire, the elder son,
was Sheriff of the county of Leicester, for the 26th and 36th years
of Henry VIII. married Anne, daughter and coheir to John Dan-
vers, of Calthorpe, in Oxfordshire, Esq. and lies buried at the
entrance into the chancel, at Coles-Hill, on the right hand, under
a cross tomb, with the portraitures of him and his wife, one son,
and four daughters, and this inscription :

y Under here lieth the Bodies of Reginald Digby, Esq.
And Anne his Wyfet the which Reginald died the
xxv >. Day of April, in the Year of our Lord M.D.XLIX.
And the said Anne died the — Day of — whose
Souls Jhu pardon. Amen.

Of the daughters, Anne was married to Ralph Brome, of Wod-
low, in Warwickshire, Esq. whose son, Reginald, married Eliza-
beth, daughter to Thomas Skeffington, of Skeffbgton, Esq. And
the son,

John Digby, Esq. succeeding at Coles-Hill, married Anne,
eldest daughter to Sir George Throgmorton, of Coughton, in the
cotmty of Warwick, Knt. by his wife, Catharine, daughter to
Nicholas, Lord Vaus, of Harrowden, and they lie buried in
the north side of the said chancel, with this memorial on their
tomb:

zHere lyeth the bodies of John Diggeby of Coleshill, Esq.
And Anne his Wyfe, one of the daughters of George
Throgjiwrion, Knt. WhiclTJohn deceased the xvtb of
Nov. and the said Anne the xxis\ of Dec. in the
Year of our Lord God M.D.LVIIl. Upon whose
Smiles Jhue have Mercy. Amen.

Sir George Digby, their son, received the honour of knight-
hood, 28 Eliz. from Robert, Earl of Leicester, for the service he

y Dngdale's Warw. Vol. II. fol. 1017. 2 Ibid.

3(52 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

performed at the siege of Zutphen, in Flanders/ and married
Abigail, daughter to Sir Arthur Heveningham (vulgo Henning-
ham), of Ketteringham, in Norfolk, Knight-Banneret (who re-
married with Edward Cordell, Esq.) and they also lie buried at
Coles-Hill, under a tomb, in the south-east corner of the chancel,
thus inscribed :

hHere lyeth interred Sir George Digby, who died the j\th
Of Febr» 1.586. He married Abigail, daughter of Sir
Arthur Henningham, Knight- Banneret, by whom
He had issue George, who died young; Sir Robert
Dishy, who succeeded his father; Philip his
Third son, John his fourth son, created Earl of
Bristol by King James; Eliz. married to Sir
Baldwin Wake, Knight- Baronet.

Sir Robert, the second son, was ancestor to the Lord Digby.

John, the youngest, created Earl of Bristol, was born at Coles-
Hill, in February 1580; and admitted, for his education, into
Magdalen-College, Oxford, in 1595 5 after which, travelling into
France and Italy, he became so singularly qualified, that when
he was sent to Court by the Lord Harrington, to intimate to the
King the designed insurrection of the Gunpowder-Conspirators,
on Dunsmore-Heath, to seize the Princess Elizabeth, that Prince,
discerning his abilities and fidelity, admitted him a Gentleman of
his Privy Chamber, and one of his Carvers, in 1605, having been
created A. M. the 30th of August, in that year, when his Majesty
visited Oxford. On the 15th of March ensuing, he was knighted,
and in April, lfjll, sent Ambassador into Spain, as he was again
in 1 6 14, and so continued until Sir Francis Cottington was sent
thither, January the 3d, 1615, to call him home, where he arrived
about the middle of March, and was appointed, April 3d, 1616,
Vice-Chamberlain of the Household, and was sworn of the Privy-
Council. On April 16th, 1(517 ', he was commissioned to treat of
a marriage between Prince Charles and the Infanta Maria, daugh-
ter to Philip III. King of Spain, which was entrusted to him, as

* He died seised in fee of the manor of Coles-Hill, &c. and also of Sheldon,

in the county of Warwick, which he had purchased from Henry Grey, Esq^

leaving them to his son, Robert, then above twelve years of age ; who, for the

corroboration of his title, obtained a patent, dated November 15th, 1605, con~

firming the premises to him and his heirs, since when his posterity hath enjoyed

them.

b Dugdale's Warw. Vol. II. 1017.

EARL DIGBY. 36S

the words of the commission express, " Pro ea fide et fiducia,
quam semper in Prudentia, Industria, et Experientia fidelis et
dilecti nostri Johannis Digby Militis, nostrique apud dictum His-
paniarum Regem nuper Legati ordinarii habnimus, ipsum nostrum
verum et indubitatum Commissarium, Oratorem, Procuratorem,
et Deputatum ad praedicta facimus." He repaired to Spain in
July, and upon his return the next year, was created, the 25th of
November, Baron Digby, of Shireburn, in the county of Dorset,
the castle and manor c of which the King had before granted to
him, and the monastery and parsonage he purchased about the
year 16*20; in which year he was sent Ambassador to the Arch-
duke Albert, and May 18th, the year after, to the Emperor Fer-
dinand, to press a positive answer, whether the Palatinate might
be recovered by peace, before the King proceeded to actual warj
as also to the Duke of Bavaria ; whence returning in November,

1621, he was, a fourth time, by commission, dated March 13th,

1622, sent Ambassador Extraordinary to Spain, to treat with
Philip IV. (son of the deceased King Philip III.) touching a treaty
of friendship and alliance; and to conclude the aforesaid marriage,
jointly with Sir Walter Aston, who resided there as Ambassador
in Ordinary, which took no effect ; having been created Earl of
Bristol, September 15th, 1622, in recompence of his services in

. his frequent embassies abroad.

After his return from Spain, in 1624, the Duke of Bucking-
ham and his Lordship impeached each other in articles, equally
laboured to render their religion and loyalty suspected, when the
Earl shewed himself right able to appear before the Parliament;
and though, February 6th, 1626, he was committed to the Tower,
yet (says Anthony a Wood), he worsted the greatest minion of
any King since the conquest, the Commons resolving to put an
end to the Duke's power and grandeur. However, the Prince
having contracted a prejudice against him, during his Highness's
being in Spain, he could never recover any admission to Court,
but lived in the country in ease, plenty, and great reputation
with all who had not an implicit reverence for the Court, until
the beginning of the troubles; when, in September, 1640, he was
one of the Commissioners to treat with the Scots, in order to
compose the differences of the two nations; and in the beginning
of the Long Parliament, appeared at the head of all the discontented
party; but being found guilty of counselling (some say, promot-
ing) a petition of the Gentry and Ministers of Kent, he and

c They were Sir Walter Raleigh's.

364 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

Thomas Mallet were committed to the Tower, March 28th, 1642;
whence being released in two or three days, and perceiving the
destructive courses which the Parliament pursued, he left them,
and hastening to the King at York (who had before restored him
to his place in the council and bedchamber), attended him at
Edgehill, and thence to Oxford; and at the end of the war, re-'
tiring into Fiance, suffered the loss of his estate, and died at Paris,
on January 21st, lfJ52, having burial in a cabbage-garden, which
Sir Piichard Browne, Clerk of the Council, had a little before
purchased to bury the bodies of Protestants.

" John Digby, Earl of Bristol, father of the celebrated Lo d
Digby (says Lord Orford), was by no means inconsiderable him-
self, though checked by the circumstances of the times from
making so great a tigure, in various lights, as fortune and his own
talents seemed to promise. Marked for a season as a favourite
by King James, he was eclipsed by the predominant lustre of the
Duke of Buckingham; and traversed by the same impetuosity in
his Spanish negotiations, to which his grave and sratcly temper
had adapted him. Being attacked by that overbearing man, he
repelled and worsted him; and shone greatly among the discon-
tented in parliament. But the violences of that assembly soon
disgusted his solemn disposition; for he, that was not supple
enough for a Court, was by far too haughty for popularity. Pie
would have been a suitable minister for Austrian phlegm; or a
proper patriot in a Diet, which would have betn content lo pro-
ceed by remonstrance and memorial. A mercurial favourite, and
a military senate, overset him."

Lord Clarendon informs us, that the Earl of Bristol was a very
handsome man; and that it was this circumstance which first re-
commended him to the favour of King James. Beauty and dig-
nity of person seem to have characterized the Digbies of the last
century. The noble historian adds, that though Lord Bristol was
a man of great parts, and a wise man, yet as he had been for the
most part single, and by himself in business, and had lived little
in consort, he was passionate and supercilious in council, and did
not bear contradiction without much heat. He was likewise too
voluminous in discourse; so that he was not considered at the
Board with that respect to which he was otherwise intit!ed.c

He married Beatrix, daughter to Charles Walcott, of Wakotr,
in Shropshire, Esq. widow of Sir John Dive, of Bromham, in the

• Kippis's Biogr. Bilt. V. 210, where see his life more at large.

EARL DIGBY. 365

county of Bedford, Knt. She is buried under a flat marble, within'
the rails of the altar of the parish church of Sherborne, in Dor-
setshire, with this inscription :

Isto sub marmore positte sunt exuviit illustrissimce herionce,
et domin/e \Beatricis~\ comitis Bristol, utriusqua fortune,
torique consortis jidelissim.ee, 1658: came placide exutd
immortalitatem induil, cujus animce miserere Deus maxim*
oj>time, et speratam gloriam dedisse pie speramus.

Quo Deus ex pura virginef actus homo-,
Vagiit inter oves hostia veras pias.

They had issue two sons and two daughters:

1 . George, his successor.

2. John, born in l(il8, was entered a nobleman in Magdalen-
College, Oxford, anno l6o4$ sided with the King in the begin-
ning of the civil war, and being esteemed a valiant and good man,
was made a General of the Horse in the army of Ralph, Lord
Hopton, and fought bravely in many encounters. When tho
King's cause declined, he retired into France, and some time fol-
lowed the court of Charles II. but at length retired to Pontoise,
entered himself among the religious there, became a secular
Priest, said mass daily to the English nuns, and died there after
the restoration.

Lady Mary, eldest daughter, was married to Arthur, Earl or
Donegal.

Lady Abigail, second daughter, married to George, son and heir
of John Freke, of Shrowton, in Dorsetshire, Esq. and grandson
of Sir Thomas Freke; Knt. She died, 1640, and was buried at
Sherborne.

George, the second Earl of Bristol, born at Madrid, in Octo-
ber, 1612, was educated in Magdalen College, and took the de-
gree of A.M. August 13th, 1636, being then esteemed of good
parts, and in hopes to do the state service. On April 13th, 1640,
being returned Member of Parliament for the county of Dorset,
he became one of the darlings of the people, as a person discon-
tented; but November llth, that year, be^ng appointed one ol
the Committee to prepare a charge against Thomas, Earl of Straf-
ford, and one of the managers of the evidence, he became his
advocate, upon a discovery of the unjust practices against him ;
and April 21st, 1641, when the bill of attainder was debating in the

366 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

House, he argued strongly against it, and concluded his speech,
" I do before God, discharge myself to the uttermost of my
power, and do with a clear conscience wash my hands of this
man's blood, by this solemn protestation, that my vote goes not
for the taking of the Earl of Strafford's life." This declaration
lost him the esteem he had, both with the Commons and the Fac-
tion, being expelled the House on the 10th of June 5 but that
very day (having been summoned the preceding one to the House
of Peers by writ), he took his place in the upper House. How-
ever, the Commons, to testify their resentment, July 13th, or-
dered his speech to be burnt the Friday after, at ten o'clock, by
the common hangman; one part in the Palace-Yard, at Westmin-
ster, another in Cheapside, and the rest in Smithfield, and his
name was posted up in the head of those called Straffokdians.

From this time he became the declared enemy of the leading
party, who let slip no occasion to despite and prejudice him; pro-
claimed him Traitor, and banished him; but the King soon after
leaving the Parliament, he adhered to his Majesty, and was there-
fore excepted by the Parliament, in a treaty of peace with the
King at Oxford, in 16*42. The next year he was made one of
the Secretaries of State; chosen High Steward of the University
of Oxford, in the place of William, Lord Say, who adhered to
the Parliament; and in 1645, constituted Lieutenant- General of
all the King's forces north of Trent, for his services in which sta-
tion he was excepted from pardon, October 24th, 1(548, by the
Parliament; and retiring beyond sea, suffered much by the loss
of his estate ; to which he was restored after the King's return,
and to his post of High Steward of the University; but by chang-
ing his religion, whilst abroad, in compliance with Don John of
Austria, he incapacitated himself from being restored to the Se-
cretary's office. After his father's death, he was chosen a Knight
of the Gaiter, and installed in April l6fjl; became a frequent
Speaker in parliament; wrote several letters, speeches, &c. and
having lived to the age of sixty-four years, died at Chelsea, March
20th, 16/6, and was buried there.

Of George Digby, Earl of Bristol, Lord Orford speaks, as « a
singular person, whose life was one contradiction. He wrote
against Popery, and embraced it; he was a zealous opposer of the
Court, and a sacrifice for it; was conscientiously converted in the
midst of his prosecution of Lord Strafford, and was most uncon-
scientious^ a prosecutor of Lord Clarendon. With great parts,
he always hurt himself and his friends; with romantic bravery,

EARL DIGBY. 367

he was always an unsuccessful commander. He spoke for the
Test Act, though a Roman Catholic; and addicted himself to
astrology, on the birth-day of true philosophy."

" The Earl of Bristol (says Granger), well known for his fine
parts, his levity, and extravagant passions, was Secretary of State,
and Privy-Counsellor to Charles II. at the time of the Interreg-
num. But he forfeited both these offices, by reconciling himself
to the church of Rome, against which he had written several
pieces of controversy. He imputed his removal to the influence
of his friend the Lord Chancellor Hyde, whose ruin he afterwards
sought with all that vehemence which was natural to him. It is
pity that the romantic history of this nobleman's life was never
written.*1 Dr. Swift, in one of his letters, styles him " the proto-
type of Lord Bolingbroke."

He married the Lady Anne Russell, second daughter to Francis,
Earl of Bedford, and had by her Ladyship (who died January 20th,
1696, and was buried at Cheneys, in Buckinghamshire), two
sons and two daughters j John, his heir 3 Colonel Francis Digby,
who lost his life in the great sea-fight with the Dutch, May 28th,
16/2, leaving no issue, and his body was deposited in the vault
of his mother's family, at Cheneys, in Buckinghamshire, in an
open coffin, and is yet entire, except the loss of some teeth and
toe-nails, which have been stolen. Lady Diana was married to
the Baron of Mall, in Flanders -, and Lady Anne, to Robert, Earl
of Sunderland, died April 15th, 1715, and was buried at Althoipe,
Northamptonshire, being grandmother to Charles, Duke of Marl-
borough.

John, the third Earl of Bristol, was L. L. and C. Rot. of the
county of Dorset, in the reign of King James II. and King Wil-
liam j and married, first, Alice, daughter and heir to Robert
Bourne, of Black-Hall, in Essex, Esq. ; and, secondly, Rachel,
daughter and coheir to Sir Hugh Wyndham, of Siltcn; in Dorset-
shire, Knt. Justice of the Court of Common Pleas ; but having
no issue by either, the honour ceased on his death, Sept. 18th,
1698, and he lies buried at Sherborne, under a sumptuous mo-
nument, in the south cross aisle of the church, said to have cost
15001. It is composed of various kinds of marble, and executed
by that ingenious artist, J. Nostj on it is the statue of an Earl,
standing, in his parliamentary robes, holding a coronet in his
right hand} on his left, stands the figure of his first Lady, hold-
ing in her left hand a burning lamp; on his right, his second

A See bis character at length in Clarendon's State Papers, copied into Dodsley*s
Ann. Reg. 1786.

3<J8 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

Lady, holding in her right hand a flaming heart. On the pedestals
of these statues are their names, and the dates of their births and
burials ; at the sides are two weeping cupids. A vein in the
marble of the left leg, which is naked, represents the mortifica-
tion near his knee, which occasioned the Earl's death $ over the
whole is a noble semicircular pediment, supported by two fluted
columns of the Corinthian order, on which are two urns, and be-
tween them the arms and crest of Digby, and this motto, Nul
qu'un. Supporters, two man-tygers, Sable, collared with Earl's
coronets, Or. On one side, Argent, three chevronels between
three lions passant, Sable, for Bourne 5 on the other side, Azure,
three lions heads erased, Or, for Wyndham. Underneath is a
pedestal, with proper compartments, containing this inscription,
composed by Dr. Hough, Bishop of Worcester;

John, Lord Digby, Baron Digby of Sherborne, and Earl of
Bristol 5 titles to which the merits of his grandfather first
gave lustre, and which he himself laid down unsullied. He
was naturally inclined to avoid the hurry of a public life,~"yet
careful to keep up the post of his quality j was willing to be
at ease, but scorned obscurity 5 and therefore never made
his retirement a pretence to draw himself within a narrower
compass, or to shun such expense as charity, hospitality, and
his honour called for. His religion was that which by law
is established, and the conduct of his life shewed the power
of it in his heart. His distinction from others never made
him forget himself or them. He was kind and obliging to
his neighbours, generous and condescending to his inferiors,
and just to all mankind.

Nor had the temptations of honour and pleasure in this world
s rength enough to withdraw his eyes from that great object
of his hope, which we reasonably assure ourselves he now
enjoys.

We now return to Sir Robert Digby, of Coles-Hill, imme-
diate ancestor of the Lord Digby. In 15Q6, he was knighted at
Dublin, by Robert, Earl of Essex, and having his education in
the university of Oxford, took the degree cf A.M. July 10th,
15^8. In 1013, he was returned to parliament, with Walter
Weldon, Esq. for the borough of Athyj was called into the
rrivy Council by King James I. and appointed, May 20tb,
1615, of the Council for the province of Ivlunster. He married

EARL DIGBY. 369

Lettice,d daughter and heir of Gerald, Lord Offaley, who died
before his father, Gerald, the eleventh Earl of Kildare, and de-
parting this life, May 24th, 1618, lies buried at Coles-Hill, with
this inscription, on a half pillar, fixed to the north wall of the
Chancel :

To the Memorie
of
Sir Robert Digby, Kt.
who wedded the Lady Lettice>
Baronesse OfFaly, Heir General
to that Ancient Family of the
Earles of Kildare in Ireland;
and departing this Life 24th May
A°. 161 8. Lyeth interred here
amongst his Ancestors;
Leaving issue seven sons, viz. Rob, created Lord Digby of
Geashill in Ireland, George, Gerard, John, Simon, Essex,
and Philip; and three daughters, viz. Lettice, married to

d She ums created Baroness of Offaley, for life, and brought into this family
the barony, lordship, manor, and territory of Geashill, in the King's County,
with the monastery of Kiileigh, the rectory and prebend of Geashill) and ail the
heredka-nents within the said barony, which were the inheritance of her grand-
father, Gerald, Earl of Kildare, the same being confirmed to her and her heirs,
by the awarH of King James I. bearing date July nth, 1619. After which,
Some persons, under the pretence of conrcalment, and some defect or omission
in the patents granted to htr ancestors, endeavouring to defeat h#r of divers par-
cels of the said barony, and to pass patent secretly for the same, the King wa*
pleased, by privy-seal, from Greenwich, June 26th, 162O) to order a new grant
and confirmation, to hold the same for ever, by such ren;s, tenures, and services,
as were reserved by the patents of Queen Elizabeth, granted in the nth and
20th years of her reign, to the said Gerald, Earl of Kildare, and that the pre-
mises should be erected into the manor of Geashill, wiih the privilege s of courts*
free warren, liberty to make a park, to hold a Tuesday's market, and two fairs,
on June 1st, and October 5th, at Killeigh, with the advowson of the church ;
and she passed patent accordingly, on the 4th of September, that year.

Her Ladyship living in the time of the rebellion, the Irish, in that part of the
country, robbed and despoiled many Protestants, committed many outrages and
acts of cruelty; and at several times assaulted and besieged her in her castle of
Geashill, which she defended with great resolution*

But notwithstanding numerous menaces and attacks, she held out with great
spirit, until fetched off sife by Sir Richard Granville, in October 164:, after
Which she retired to Coles-Hill. See several menacing letters to her, printed in
the former edition, and in Arch Jail, with her an-.wers.-
VOL, V. a ft

370 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

Sir Roger Langford, Knt. Mabel, to Gerald Fitz-Gerald
Lord of the Decies in Ireland} and Abigail, who died a
child.

Which Robert, Lord Digby, espoused the Lady Sara,
daughter to Richard, Earl of Corke; by whom he had issue
one son, viz, Kildare, now Lord Digby, and four daughters,
viz. Catharine, Mary, Lettice, and Catharine; and departing
this world the 6th of June, anno 1042, lieth buried with his
said Lady, in the cathedral church of St. Patrick in Ireland.
Of his said younger sonnes, only Essex hath issue by Thoma-
sine, daughter to Sir William Gilbert, Knt. sometime Go-
vernor of the. Fort at Lexe in Ireland.

On a shield, Digby empaling, Argent, a saltire, Gules.

Arms on the middle shield on John Digby 's tomb: 1st. Digby.
2d. Gules a fess, ermine. 3d. Argent on a bend, Gules, three
martlets, Or. 4th. Argent on a fess, Sable, three mullets of the
first, between three ducks of the second. 5th. Ermine on a
bend, Gules, three cheverons, Or, empaling Throckmorton with
six quarterings. And upon a flat marble stone on the floor is
engraven :

,Here lye the Bodyes of Sr. Robert Digby, Kf.,
And the Lady Lettice, Baroness of Offaley
His Wife. She died the first day of December
M. D.CLVIII.

Their issue were seven sons and three daughters; I. Robert,
created Lord Digby. 2. George. 3. Gerald. 4. John. 5. Si-
mon, member of parliament, in 1039, for Philipstown. 6. Essex,
of whom presently. 7. Philip, who married Margaret, daughter

of Forth, and widow of Sir Thomas Moore, of Croghan,

ancestor to the Lord Tullamoore; Lettice, married to Sir Roger
Langford, Knt.; Mabel, first, to Gerald Fitz-Gerald, of Dro-
mana, in the county of Waterford, Esq.; secondly, to Donogh
O Brien Arragh; and Abigail, who died a child.

Essex, the sixth son, was born at Coles-Hill, and educated in
the University of Dublin, where whilst he was a student, bein<*
presented, December 15th, 1630, to the Rectory of GeashilJ, a
clause was inserted in the presentation, containing the King's
Qrace or Faculty, to hold the same, notwithstanding his being

EARL DIGJBY. 371

rtut of orders ; but that he should continue his study, until he
came to riper years to take orders upon him. On June 7th, 163/,
he was presented to the rectory of Ballycomman, in the diocese
of Kildare, where fixing his residence, he was robbed and de-
prived of his goods, stock, cattle, &c. to the value of 15;0l. in
the very beginning of the rebellion, and had his house burnt by
the Dempsies, Dunns, and Connors. After the reduction of Ire-
land, by the Parliament, he was their established minister at Bel-
fast, with the allowance of 1201. a year; and, upon the restoration
of King Charles, was made Dean of Cashel, February 6th, 166'],
commenced D.D. and the same day, 1670, was promoted to the
See of Dromore. He married, first, Thomasine, daughter to Sir
William Gilbert, of Kilminchy, in the Queen's County, Knt.
Governor of the fort of Leix (who was buried at St. John's, Dub-
lin, June 8th, 1654). He married, secondly, Lettice, daughter

of Brereton, by whom he had a son, William; who settled

at Newton, in Kings County^ and marrying Anne Newcomer;;
left a daughter, Lettice, married to Randal Cooke, Gent. He
deceased 12th May, 16S3, having had by his first wife, Tho-
masine, 1. Robert, who married a daughter of Spencer.

2. Simon; and two daughters; the elder married, first, to John
GifTordj and, secondly, to Thomas Loftus, of Killyan, Esqrs.; and
the younger, to Sir Henry Warrington, of Cloghstoken, in the
county of Galway, Knt.

Simon, his youngest son, being bred also to the church, became
as eminent in station as his father. He was born at Kilminchy ;
educated in the College of Dublin ; incorporated A.M. at Oxford,
July 11th, 16/6, and D.D. by diploma, December 12th, 1677.
He was presented to the Rectory of Dunshaghlin, in the diocese
of Meath, March 22d, 1668; Prebendary of Geashill, and Rectcr
of Ballycomman, in the diocese of Kildare, February 22d, 1670,
of which cathedral church he was Dean, and incumbent of tic
parish of St. Michan, Dublin, whence he was advanced to the
United Sees of Limerick, Ardfert, and Aghadoe, March 19th,
1678, with which he held the Rectories and Vicarages of Bally-
iax, Bally scurloge, Tymachoe, and Cloncurry, in the diocese of
Kildare, being thereto presented t]?e 30th of the same month -f
and January 12th, I69O, he was translated to the See of Elphin;
to the poor of which town, and those of Mount-Talbot, Abbert,
Lackan, and Tralee, he bequeathed 109.1. by his will. He mar-
ried Elizabeth, daughter of Warner, and sister to Henry Wcstenra,

372 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

of Dublin, Esqrs. and departing this life, April 7th, 1?20, at
his house of Lackan, in the county of Roscomon, had issue by
her (who died there the 15th of the same month, and were inter-
red together the 20th, in the church of Tosraragh), nine sons, and
eight daughters j viz. Robert, Simon, Henry, John, Westenra,
William, Essex, Gilbert, Benjamin, Thomasine, Elizabeth, Let-
tice, Margaret, Abigail, Mary, Jane, and Rebecca; of whom, six
sons, and three daughters, died young, or unmarried, and the
survivors were,

John Digby, of Landanstown, Esq.

Rev. William Digby, of Lackan, presented September 5th,
1730, to the Rectory of Ahaskera, in the diocese of Elphin; mar-
ried Oliva, daughter to John French, of French-Park, in the
county of Roscomon, Esq. and had one son and one daughter j
Simon and Anne.

Rev. Benjamin Digby, made Prebendary and Vicar of Geashill,
February 23d, 1743, married, September 2fjtb, 1734, Mary,
daughter to Lewis Jones, of Osbertstown, in the county of Kil-
dare, Esq. , He died at Osbertstown, in May 1769, having had
issue by her, who died 1769, 1- Simon, who entered into Holy
Orders, and married Elizabeth Marsh. 2. Lewis-John. 3. John.
4. Elizabeth.

Elizabeth was the second wife of the Reverend Doctor Jeremy
Marsh, Dean of Kilmore, and Treasurer of St. Patrick's (son of
Francis, Archbishop of Dublin), and by him, who died June 3d,
1734, aet. 67, she had one son, Jeremy, who married Jane, daugh-
ter to Patrick French, of Monevae, in the county of Galway, Esq.
and one daughter, Arabella Frances, married February 20th,
1732, to Rev. William French, of Abby-Boyle, in the county of
Roscommon.

Abigail, married May 5th, 1721, to Rev. Joseph Graves, oi
Ballycoman and Gleab, in the King's County, Rector of Geashill,
and Vicar-General of the diocese of'Kildare, and had issue three
sons and two daughters 3 Simon, William, Joseph, Abigail, and
Mary.

Mary, born 1692, married to Edward Birtles, of Ardnegratb,
in Westmeath, Esq. and had one surviving daughter, Mary-Anne,
born 1724.

Jane, to the aforesaid Patrick French, of Monevae, Esq. Mem-
ber of Parliament for Blesinton, and by him, who died 3d June,
1744, had two sons and four daughters; Robert; Digby; Eliza-
beth} Jane, married to Jeremy Marsh, as before -, Mary> and
Lettice.

EARL DIGBY. 373

Rebecca married, 5th May, 172I,e to John King, of Charles-
town, in the county of Roscomon, Esq. to whom she was second
wife, and had a son, John, and a daughter, Jane.

John Digby, Esq. the eldest surviving son, was seated at Lan-
danstown, in the county of Kildare, of which county he was
sheriff in the year 1732; and was chosen to parliament 17th Ja-
nuary, 1731, for the town of Kildare. On 20th March, 1717, he
married Mary/ only child of the aforesaid Dean Jeremy Marsh,
by his first wife Henrietta-Catharine, only daughter of Henry
Dodwell, of Athlone, Esq. by his first wife, Lettice Cuff; and
she deceasing in 1731, lies buried in St. Peter's Church Yard,
Dublin, with this memorial :

Here lies the Body of Mary Digby
Alias Marsh, Daughter to the Revd. Dean
Marsh, and Wife to John Digby, Esq. who
Departed this Life fcjie 17th of July 173 1, in
the 32d year of her Age, and left behind
Her 4 Sons and 5 Daughters, besides her
eldest Daughter Henrietta-Catherina, who
Died May the 28th 1721, in the third
Year of her Age, and is here also interred;
As lies the Body of her Brother Simon
Marsh, who died May the 29, 1720.

And on a grave-stone near the tomb, is

Here lies the Body of the Rev'd
Dr. Jeremy Marsh, late Dean of
' Kihnore, who died June the 3d. 1734,
Aged 67 years.

Their children were,

Simon, heir to his father.

Jeremiah, baptized 3d November, 1726, resided in Dublin;
married 13th September, 1758, a daughter of Mr. Cooper, and
died 6th January, 17^3.

e St. Anne's Reg'srry.
f Rot. A». 4 George I. i. p. f. being a letter of attorney from the Bishop of
E'phin, 5th Mirth, 1717, to Rev. Joseph Grave, to treat about bs son's, said
marri lge, and to agree to all such covenants « he should see fir, relating to the
said marriage and settlements.

3?4 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

John.

William* baptized 9th June, 1730, entered into Holy Orders,
and became Dean of Clonfert; in 1760 he married Mary, only
child of Edward Birtles, of Ardnegragh, Esq. before mentioned,
and by her who is deceased had issue.

Daughter Mary, married 14th December, 1752, to Andrew
Ram, Esq.

Elizabeth.

Lettice, baptized 11th November, 1722, and married 10th Fe-
bruary 1755, to Rev. Doctor Daunt, of Cork.

Frances, baptized 22d Septemher, 1725, married in January,
1770, to John King, of Ball) lid, in the King's County, Esq.

Henrietta-Catharine, baptized 31st January, 1728-9, died of
the small-pox 26th February, 1 747.8

Simon Digby, Esq. the eldest son, of Landanstown, and re-
presentative in parliament for the borough of Kildare, married,
first, 1st June, 1749? Elizabeth, daughter of Rev. Richard Daniel,
Dean of Down 5 she dying 21st January, 1755, he married, se-
condly, 23d February, 1756, Jane, daughter of William Gore, of
Barrowmount, in Kilkenny, Esq.; and he married, thirdly, 1st
September, 1763, a daughter of William Sandys, of Creevagh, in

the county of Longford, and relict of Daly. Mr. Digby, had

by his first lady a son, John, born 7th March, l749-50.h

Robert, first Lord Digby, the eldest son of Sir Robert Digby,
who succeeded to the large estates of his father and mother, both
in England and Ireland, had a new patent in 1618, for a Wed-
nesday market, and two fairs on the Feasts of St. Matthew and
Mark, at Coles-Hill, in regard the market and fair granted by
King John were discontinued; and was advanced to the peerage
of Ireland by privy seal,' dated at Westminster, July 29th, 1620.

g St. Anne's Registry, and Lodge. *\ Idem.

* Wherein his Majesty writes, " That the gracious remembrance of his fa-
ther's merits, together with the hopes he had conceived, that he would worthily
endeavour to imitate those virtuous courses, left him by his ancestors, had moved
his Majesty to confer upon him the title of a Baron of Ireland, by the style of
Lord Digby, Baron of Geashill, with the limitation of the honour to his brethren*
and their issue male. And whereas, the Lady Lettice, his mother, as heir-
general to the house of Kildare, had long enjoyed the title of Baroness of Offaley,
notwithstanding the many oppositions that had been made against it; forasmuch
as his Majesty desired, that love and amity should be truly settled among parties
SO near in blood, thought good, for the appeasing of all differences which might
arise concerning that honour, to deliver this as his express pleasure therein ;
namely, that the said Lady Lettace, as well in regard of her manifold virtues, as

EARL DIGBY. 373

On May 11th, 1627, he was appointed Governor and Commander
of the King's County, and the borders thereof, with as large and
ample command as James, Lord Balfour, Baron of Glenawlie,
held the government of Fermanagh; and 26th November follow-
ing, with his brother, Simon, Constable of the Castle or Fort of
Philipstown, during their respective lives. On July 14th, 1634,
he took his seat in parliament, was a member of all committees,
and a leading man in the House of Peers 5 and the session being
prorogued from November 12th, to January 26th, the L. D.Wan-
desford died during that recess, and the L. L. being absent, it was
disputed, whether the Parliament might be continued by virtue
of the King's Commission to hold the same 5 when, of eight
Judges, four being of opinion it might continue, and four, that in
law it could not be, the Lord Chancellor desired the opinion of
the House, whereupon the Lord Digby said, that the Judges being
equal in vote, he therefore thought the discontinuance might
prove prejudicial, and the continuance thereof good for the King
and Commonwealth, and so thought it fit to adjourn till the King's
pleasure was known, and to desire an act to be transmitted to
make good and continue the Parliament : which motion being
agreed to, it was voted fit to adjourn, that the King's pleasure
might be known before the Parliament be dissolved; and his
Lordship, with the Lords Ormond, Moore, and Slane, were or-
dered to draw up a protestation, or declaration, expecting his
Majesty's pleasure, which they accordingly did ; but a new com-
mission coming over in the interim, appointing Lords Justices, it
was held needless to proceed further.

After the meeting of the Parliament under the new Lords Jus-
tices, he was licensed, February 23d, to repair into England, on
his own urgent occasions, and desired and authorised by the
House, to deliver to their Committee attending the King, their
protestation and declaration touching part of the preamble of the
Act of Subsidy^ the order and schedule of certain grievances
voted by the House; and an abstract of the graces granted by his
Majesty in the fourth year of his reign, desired to be confirmed
by act of parliament.

her birth, shall during her natural life enjoy the said title, honour, and dignity
of Baroness of Offaley, together with the place and precedency in all assemblies
belonging unto it, without any interruption or impediment given unto her by any
one or other, whom it may any ways concern ; and that after such decease, the
said honour shall revert again to the house of Kildare, and not to the children of
the said Lady Lettice, or any others claiming by or under her." (Rot. A°. i&.
Jac. I. 1. p.d.)

37(5 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

After tbe discovery of the rebellion, by the examinations or
Conolly and Mac-Mahon, and the Lord Maguire's apprehension,
his Lordship was one of the Privy Council who signed the Pro-
clamation at the castle of Dublin, October 23d, advertising his
Majesty's good and loyal subjects of the discovery, and requiring
them to stand upon their guard. And being appointed Captain
of a troop of horse in the King's army, he was commanded, April
J9th, 1642, to march to Drogheda, and May the J 6th following,
from Trim to Luttrellstown ; in which year his mother being, for
some months, besieged in her castle of Gcashill (as before re-
lated), and reduced to great extremity, she found means to send
to Sir Charles Coote, at the Naas, an account of her situation,
and the miserable condition of the place; who, accompanied by
her son, marched to her relief, and so plentifully supplied the
Castle, that she resolved, though far distant from any friendly
garrison, to abide there, which she did, till fetched off by Sir Ri-
chard Granville, in October following.

He married, first, the Lady Sarah Boyle, second daughter to
Richard, the first Earl of Cork, who dying, July 14th, 1633, was
buried August 12th, in her father's vault, at St. Patrick's: and
he took to his second wife, Elizabeth, daughter of Sir James Al-
tham, of Oxehey, in the county of Hertford, Knt. widow of Sir
Francis Astley, of Hill-Morton, in Warwickshire, Knt. and de-
ceasing, June 6th, 1642, had no issue by her (who became the
second wife of Sir Robert Barnard, of Huntingdon, Knt. and
Bart. Serjeant at Law, died January 3d, 1662, and was buried in
the middle aile of Covent-Garden church) j but by his first Lady
had one son, Kildare, and four daughters } Catharine, and Mary,
who died young j Lettice, who lies buried under a flat marble at
Coles-Hill, with this memorial :

kHere lyeth the Body of Lettice, eldest Daughter
Of Robert Ld. Digby, and Wife to William
Dilke of MAXSTOKE-Castle, Esqj, who de:
•.parted this Life xxi. Day of December An°. 1656,

and Catharine, who died unmarried, July 20th, 1661, and wat
buried by her mother.

Kildare, the second Lord Digby, was left a minor, but in the
first Parliament after the Restoration took his seat, June 25th,

k Dugdale'iVVanvickihire, Vol.11, folio 1018.

EARL DIGBY. 377

1661, and was L. L. of the King's County; but dying the 11th
of July, that year, was buried the 13th, in St. Patrick's church;
and (says Mr. Ketlewell), his excellent Lady, ten years after, as
one, who was not to be comforted for the loss of her Lord, other-
wise than in the dear pledges of his love which he had left her,
caused to be set up for him in the church of Coles- Hill, a ceno-
taph, which might declare the inviolable regard she had for his
memory; for, upon a black marble pedestal, fixed to the South
wall of the chancel, stands a white marble urn, and on the tablet
is an inscription,1 drawn up by the Reverend William Rawlins,
her Chaplain, to whom she committed the education of her sons,
and who so loved the family, and was so beloved by it, as to con-
tinue in it thirty-three years.

After his Lordship's death, his Lady (a most accomplished wo-
man), returned to England, and resided at Coles-Hill, with her

1 Kildare, Lord Digby, Baron of

Geashill in Ireland,

Lord Lieutenant of the King's County,

Grandson and Keir of Lettice, Baro :

: ness Offaly ;

Married Mary, Daughter of Robert

Gardiner of London, Esq,

By whom he had four sons, and

Three Daughters;

Robert, Elizabeth, and Mary are dead ;

Robert (now Lord Digby) Simon, Wil s

:liam, and Lettice are living:

And departing this Life at Dub'in

The xi*h. July Anno 1661, lieth interred

There with his Father and Mother,

And her Ancestors, in St. Patrick'*

Church ,m

And underneath,

Memoriae

Optimi Mariti dicta Maria Vidua decennaHs,

Etiamdum insolabilis,

Hoc Monumentum

Posuit,

Et Luctui et Cultui

Sacrum.

CIn.DfCL.XXIl.n

m Dugdale'* Warwickshire, Vol. II. folio 1018, •» Ibid.

378 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

children, where she lies buried under the same cenotaph, with a
beautiful inscription,1" on the west side of the same square pe-
destal, composed by Dr. John Hough, Bishop of Worcester, as a
monument of her truly honourable qualifications.

m Mary," Relict of Kildare, Lord Digby,

Departed this Life December 23.

An: Dom: 1692.

Whom it were unpardonable to lay down in Silence,

And of whom 'tis difficult to speak with Justice;

For her just Character will look like Flattery,

And the least Abatement of it is Injury to her

Memory.

In every Condition of Life she was a Pattern to her Sex,

Appeared Mistress of those peculiar Qualities,

That were requisite to conduct her thro' it with

Honour,

And never failed to exert them in their proper Seasons,

With the utmost Advantage.

She was modest without Affectation,

Easy without Levity, and reserved without Pride,

Knew how to stoop without sinking,

And to gain People's Affection, without lessening

Their Regards.

She was careful without Anxiety,

Frugal without Parsimony ;

Not at all fond of the superfluous trappings of

Greatness,

Yet abridged herself in nothing that her Quality

required.

She was a faithful member of the Church of

England:

Her Piety was Exemplary, and her Chanty Universal.

She found herself a widow in the Beginning of

her Life,

When the Temptations of Beauty, Honour, Youth,

and Pleasure,

Were in their full Strength;

Yet she made them all give way to the Interest of

Her Family,

And betook herself entirely to the Matron's Part;

The education of her Children engrossed all her Cares,

No Charge was spared in the Cultivation of their Minds,

Nor any Pains in the Improvement of their Fortunes.

In a word,

She was truly Wise, truly Honourable, and truly Good.

n Dugdale's Warwickshire, Vol. II. folio 10 18.

EARL DIGBY. 379

Their children were, Robert, born April 22d, 1653, who died
the 11th of July following, and has this memorial of him on a
flat stone, near the aforementioned pedestal, in Coles-Hill church,
Warwickshire.

Here lyeth Robert, the eldest Sonne of Kildare Lord
Digby, who was borne the 23d of April 1653, and
died the 11th of July in the same Year."

Robert, Simon, William, successive Lords Digby ; Elizabeth,
Mary, both died infants; and Lettice was married to Charles
Cotes, of Woodcot, in Shropshire, Esq.

Robert, the third Lord Digby, born April 30th, 1654, had his
education in Magdalen College, Oxford, and took the degree of
A.M. July 11th, 1676; but dying, unmarried, in the twenty-
fourth year of his age, was buried with his elder brother, at
Coles-Hill, where a flat stone, near the aforesaid pedestal, is thus
inscribed :

Here lyeth the Body of the Right Honoble.
Robert, Ld. Digby, second Son to Kildare,
Ld. Digby, Baron of Geashell in the Kingdom of
Ireland, who W3s born the 30lh. of April 1(354,
And died the 29th of Decemb1". Anno Dom. 1677.0

Simon, the fourth Lord Digit/., heir to his brother, was born
July 18th, 1657, and educated in the same college j married
Frances, eldest daughter to Edward Noel, Earl of Gainsborough
(by Elizabeth, eldest daughter and coheir to Thomas Wriothesley,
Earl of Southampton, Lord High Treasurer of England), and de-
ceasing, January 19th, 1685, was buried the 24th, under a flat
stone, at Coles-Hill (to the poor of which parish he left 5001.),
having issue by her, who died suddenly in child-birth, September
29th, 1684, in the twenty-third year of her age, and was there
buried, October 5th,P an only child, Frances, who was married

More can scarce be said,

Yet he that says this, knew her well,

And is well assured he has said nothing,

Which either Veracity or Modesty should oblige him

to suppress.

n Dugdale's Warwickshire, Vol. II. folio 1020. ° Ibid.

P Their accomplished characters may he found in their Funeral Sermons,

preached by Mr. Kettlewe'l, then Vicar of Coles-Hill, and published, with his

380 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

to Sir James Scudamore, Viscount Sligo, and died, May 3d, 1729,
act. 44, having an only daughter of her name, born August 14th,
3711, and first married, June 28th, 1729, to Henry Somerset,
Duke of Beaufort, and being heiress to a very large estate, an
act of parliament passed, in 1730, enabling them, and her chil-
dren, to take the additional surname, and bear the arms, of Scu-
damore, pursuant to a settlement made by her father ; but his
Grace dying, February 22d, 1744, without issue, she re-married
with Charles Fitz-Roy Scudamore, Esq. and died February lfjth,
1749, in child-birth, of a daughter, Frances, who is now married
to Charles Howard, the present Duke of Norfolk ; but has no
issue. His Lordship was buried at Coles-Hill, where is the fol-
lowing inscription for him :

Here lyeth the Body of Simon Lord Digby, 3d son of
Kildare Lord Digby Baron of Geashell in the Kingdome
of Ireland. He married Frances eldest daughter of Ed-
ward Earl of Gainsborough, whose Body lyeth here in-
terred by him, and had Tssue by her one only daughter
Frances married to the Lord Viscount Scudamore. He was
born July the 18th, 165?, and departed this Life on the
19th of Janry l685.c»

Willtam, the fifth Lord Digly3 succeeded his brother j and
being educated in the same college, took the degree of A. B. July
5th, 168 1, and July 13th, 1708, was created Doctor of the Civil
Law. At his first entrance into the world, to his own stock of
an excellent good nature and religious principles, he had made
the discreet choice of his brother's admirable example to improve
both. In April, 1733, he was chosen one of the Common Council
for Georgia ; was a member of the Society for propagating the
Gospel in foreign parts ; and in 1689, represented the county of
Warwick,, when he was attainted by King James's parliament.1"

other works, in two volumes folio. — -His Lordship adorned the Choir of the
church at Coles-Hill; nobly augmented the furniture of the communion-plate;,
allotted a considerable sum, upon the death of his Lady,, to the use of the poor
for a perpetual settlement, and at his own death gave a much greater; restoring
also the two impropriations of Coles-Hill, and Upper-Whitacre, to those respec-
tive churches.

1 Dugdale's Warwickshire, Vol. II. folio 1020.

r On March nth, 1733, ne Passed Patent to hold a Saturday market, and
four fairs; the first on April 20th; second, June 28th; third, September 17th ;.
fourth, December 15th, at Geashill.

EARL DIGBY. 381

His Lordship married Jane, second daughter to the said Edward,
Earl of Gainsborough ; and by her, who died at his seat at
Sherborne, in September, 1/33, had four sons, and eight
daughters.

1. John, educated at Magdalen College, Oxford, took the de-
gree of A.M. May 8th, 1707, and was chosen Member for East
Retford, to the fourth and fifth parliaments of Great Britain, but
died, unmarried, in 17V7> ana* was buried at Sherborne.

2. Robert, educated in the same college, took the like degree,
October 17th, 1711, and in 1722 was returned to parliament for
the county of Warwick, but died, unmarried, April 19th, 1726,
and was buried at Sherborne; in which church is a black marble
tablet, fixed in the wall, under the great South window; on which
are these insciiptions, composed by Mr. Pope:

To the memory of Robert, second son,

and Mary, eldest daughter of,

William, Lord Digby.

Go, fair example of untainted youth,

Of modest reason and pacific truth;

Go, just of worth, in ev'ry thought sincere,

Who knew no wish but what the world might hear;

Of gentlest manners, unaffected mind,

Lover of peace, and friend of human kind;

Compos'd in sufferings, and in joys sedate,

Good without noise, without pretensions great;

Go, live, for heaven's eternal year is thine,

Go, and exalt thy moral to divine.

And thou, too close attendant on his doom,
Blest maid, hast hasten d to the silent tomb;
Steer'd Ae same course to the same quiet shore,
Nor parted long, and now to part no more.
Yet take these tears, mortality's relief,
And, till we share your joys, forgive our grief;
These little rites, a stone and verse receive,
'Tis all a father, all a friend can give.

3. Edward, chosen May 12th, 1726, to supply his brother's
seat in parliament, which he continued to represent to his death,
on October 2d, 1746; and having married, July 10th, l/2g,

382 PEERAGE OF ENGLAND.

Charlotte, only surviving daughter of Sir Stephen Fox, Knight,
and sister to Stephen, Earl of Uchester, and Henry, Lord Holland,
had, by her, who survived till November — , 1778, and was bu-
ried at Coles-Hill, one daughter, Charlotte, who died unmarried,
June lfjth, J 753, and was buried at Coles-Hill j also six sons;
viz.

1. Edward, the sixth Lord.

2. Henry, the seventh Lord.

3. Robert, born December 20th, 1732, who was promoted to
be Rear Admiral of the Blue, March igth, 1779> a»d is now Ad-
miral of the Red. He married, August 19th, 1784, Eleanor,
daughter of Andrew Elliot, Esq. late Lieutenant Governor of New
York, and relict of Jauncy, Esq.

4. William, born 1/33, and having taken Holy Orders, was
presented to the Vicarage of Coles-Hill, made one of his Majesty's
Chaplains in ordinary, also Canon of Christ Church, in Oxford;
on August 19th, 176Q, was made Dean of Worcester, and in
August, 1777> was promoted to the Deanery of Durham, and
was likewise LL.D. He died in September, 1788. In April,
1766, he married Charlotte, daughter8 of Joseph Cox, Esq. who
died June 27th, I79l> and had issue, three sons $ Henry, Captain
in the Navy; William-Sheffield, died December, 1793; Charles-
George j and four daughters} Charlotta-Sophia, married, 1/84,
Sir Charles Sheffield, Bart ; Juliana; Mary, married, August
28th, 1794, Henry -Thomas, second Earl of Uchester; Frances-
Caroline, married, June 13th, 1/01, Thomas N