Historic, Archive Document

Do not assume content reflects current scientific knowledge, policies, or practices.

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United States n O g-% mm n I I I ^

s.rr ^ Control Lake

Timber Sales

Tongass

National

Forest

R10-MB-349a

January 1998

Supplemental Draft Environmental Impact Statement

Volume I — EIS M 3 %

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Foster Wheeler Environmental Corporation 10900 NE 8th Street Bellevue, Washington 98004 Contract No. 53-0109-3-00369 Control Lake Environmental Impact Statement

United States Department of Agriculture

Forest

Service

Alaska Region

Tongass National Forest Ketchikan Area Federal Building Ketchikan, AK 99901

Reply To: 1950

Date: December 19, 1997

Dear Planning Participant:

Enclosed is the Supplemental Draft Environmental Impact Statement for the Control Lake Project Area.

This Supplemental DEIS was prepared to respond to the following changes: 1) timber volume from Control Lake will no longer go to Ketchikan Pulp Company (KPC) under the Long-Term Timber Sale Contract; 2) the closure of the KPC pulp mill; and 3) the revision and adoption of the new Forest Plan. The document is responsive to the comments we received on the Draft EIS as well.

The Supplemental DEIS is in two volumes and is accompanied with a large scale color map to aid in your review. Color maps at 11"X17" scale for each alternative are included in Volume 1. An 11"X17" scale map that displays the proposed road management strategy is also included in Volume 1.

Alternative 11 in the Supplemental DEIS represents a collaborative effort to identify where best to harvest timber in balance with other uses and resource needs in the Project Area.

Alternative 11 with the following adjustments is my Preferred Alternative.

Proposed harvest units 597.2-449 and 597.2-450 would be dropped and unit 597.2-414 would be changed to helicopter logging to existing roads. This would strengthen wildlife habitat objectives.

Clearcutting prescriptions included in proposed harvest units in VCU 597.2 that have helicopter, shovel or running skyline logging systems will be changed to partial cut prescriptions. The purpose of this is to address new TLMP Standards and Guidelines for the marten.

Caring for the Land and Serving People

Printed on Recycled Paper FS-6200-28b (12/93)

The Thorne Bay Ranger District has been very active in recent weeks working with the public and other interested parties to determine how best to manage the roads on the District. Roads proposed to be open or closed are shown on the Access Plan map in Volume 1 and on the large scale map. Your comments related to specific roads will be most helpful.

You are encouraged to review and comment on the Supplemental DEIS, as well as, the road management strategy. Comments need to be submitted by March 16, 1998 to :

Forest Supervisor

Tongass National Forest, Ketchikan Area Attn: CONTROL LAKE SDEIS Federal Building Ketchikan, AK 99901

Your input will be used to prepare the Final EIS and Record of Decision. Your interest in the management of the Tongass National Forest is appreciated.

Sincerely,

BRADLEY E. POWELL Forest Supervisor

enclosure

Supplemental Draft Environmental Impact Statement

Control Lake

United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service — ^Alaska Region Alaska

Lead Agency

Responsible Official

For Further Information

U.S.D.A. Forest Service Tongass National Forest Ketchikan Administrative Office

Forest Supervisor Ketchikan Administrative Area Tongass National Forest Federal Building Ketchikan, Alaska 99901

Dave Arrasmith Planning Staff Officer Ketchikan Administrative Area Tongass National Forest Federal Building Ketchikan, Alaska 99901 (907) 228-6304

Abstract

The Forest Service proposes to implement the Tongass Land Management Plan by harvesting timber in the Control Lake Project Area. Timber volume would be offered to timber companies under the Ketchikan Area Independent Timber Sale Program. The actions analyzed in this EIS are designed to implement direction contained in the Tongass Land Management Plan (TLMP 1997). The Supplemental Draft EIS describes five alternatives which provide different combina- tions of resource outputs and spatial locations of harvest units. The alternatives are: Alterna- tive 1, No Action, proposes no new harvest from the Project Area at this time; Alternative 10 emphasizes units that can be most readily harvested by small operators and completely avoids harvest in the Honker Divide, Logjam Creek, and Rio Roberts watersheds, and the Western Peninsula; Alternative 1 1 avoids harvest in the Honker Divide, Upper Logjam Creek, and Rio Roberts watersheds, limits harvest in the Western Peninsula, and allows harvest near the 1997 Forest Plan Revision implementation level in most other zones; and Alternative 12 allows harvest at the full 1997 Forest Plan Revision implementation level in all zones that permit harvest.

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Control Lake Supplemental Draft

Summary

Introduction

In compliance with the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) and other relevant state and Federal laws and regulations, the Forest Service has prepared this Supplemental Draft Environ- mental Impact Statement (EIS) on the effects of timber harvest in the Control Lake Project Area (Figure 1-1) on Prince of Wales Island, Alaska. This Supplemental Draft EIS is designed to inform the public of the proposed action and its effects, and to solicit public comment for consideration in developing the Final EIS. This Supplemental Draft EIS was prepared to respond to several changed conditions. It also addresses comments received on the Draft EIS.

Changes Between Draft EIS and Supplemental Draft EIS

As indicated above, this Supplemental Draft EIS was prepared to respond to several changed conditions. First, it addresses the fact that timber volume from Control Lake would no longer be provided to Ketchikan Pulp Company (KPC) under the Long-term Timber Sale Contract.

Second, it considers the closure of the KPC pulp mill. Finally, it evaluates effects under the existing Forest Plan (TLMP, 1997). Public and agency input and new or revised analyses also produced changes between the Draft EIS and Supplemental Draft EIS as described below.

Public and agency input on the Draft EIS included comments received at the ANILCA Subsis- tence hearings, EIS open houses, meetings with state and other federal agencies, and written comment letters. Appendix B, which presents the written comments, oral testimony, and Forest Service responses, has been added to the Supplemental EIS. In addition, public input together with the new information identified above led to the deletion of Alternatives 2, 7, 8, and 9 from detailed consideration in the Supplemental Draft EIS. Alternative 10, which was presented in Appendix B of the Draft EIS, has been brought into the main text and two new alternatives were designed. Alternative 1 1 was designed to be consistent with the 1997 TLMP and responsive to public and agency input regarding wildlife, biodiversity. Honker Divide, the Elevenmile area, subsistence, and other issues. It represents the Preferred Alternative. Alternative 12 was also designed to be consistent with the 1997 TLMP and represents the unit pool under the new Forest Plan. Public comment on the Draft EIS also led to revision and clarification of several analyses.

New analysis was required to incorporate the effects of Alternatives 1 1 and 12 into Chapters 2 and 4 of the Supplemental Draft EIS. In addition, new analyses were conducted to reflect new land use designations (LUD’s), standards and guidelines, and projections made by the new TLMP (1997). New information and public/agency input also led to revision of text and tables in several EIS areas. A summary of the watershed analyses that have been conducted through the Control Lake studies is presented in Appendix E. Unit cards that were substantially revised are presented in Appendix D.

Control Lake Supplemental Draft EIS

SUMMARY ■ iii

iv ■ SUMMARY

The ROD for the 1997 TLMP identified Control Lake as a Category 3 timber sale project.

Projects in Category 3 need to be consistent with all the applicable management direction of the revised plan, except for new standards and guidelines for wildlife, which address landscape connectivity, endemic terrestrial mammals, northern goshawk, and American marten. These new standards and guidelines were implemented in a manner that was least disruptive to the design and implementation of the project. The extent to which these measures were incorporated was determined through review by an interagency implementation team consisting of the National Marine Fisheries Service, Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and pertinent state agencies.

Proposed Action

The Forest Service proposes to harvest an estimated 94 million board feet (MMBF) of timber, construct or reconstruct an estimated 78 miles of roads, and use existing log transfer facilities (LTF’s) at Thome Bay, Coffman Cove, and other locations to implement the action alternatives. Timber sale offerings from this harvest will be made available to the Independent Timber Sale Program. Based on this environmental study and analysis, the Forest Supervisor will decide on:

• The timber volume to make available from this Proj ect Area;

• The location, design, and schedule of timber harvest, silvicultural, road construction, and reforestation management practices;

• Access management measures (road, trail, and area restrictions and closures); and

• Mitigation measures. Best Management Practices (BMP’s), and monitoring measures.

Purpose and Need

The Control Lake Project is proposed at this time to respond to the goals and objectives identified by the Tongass Land and Resource Management Plan (TLMP, 1997) for the Project Area and to move the Project Area towards the desired future conditions described in the TLMP. The Forest Plan identified the following goals and objectives: (1) improve timber growth and productivity on suitable timber lands made available for timber harvest and manage these lands for a long-term sustained yield of timber; (2) contribute to a timber supply from the Tongass that seeks to meet annual and TLMP planning cycle market demand; and (3) provide opportunities for local employment in the wood products industry, which in turn contributes to the local and regional economies of Southeast Alaska (TLMP, pp. 2-3 to 2-4). The Control Lake Project will respond to these goals and objectives, and will also help move the Project Area towards the desired future condition identified by the Plan by managing suitable timber lands for the production of sawtimber and other wood products and allowing a variety of successional stages within the Project Area that provide a range of wildlife habitat conditions (TLMP, pp. 3- 127,3-135 to3-136,and 3-144).

Control Lake Supplemental Draft EIS

Alternative 1

Public Participation

Public involvement in the Control Lake Project decision-making process began formally on September 27, 1993 with the mailing of the scoping package, which invited comment on the scope of the issues and areas of major concern to be addressed in the environmental analysis.

A news release was also issued and newspaper advertisements were also placed about that time containing much of the same information and inviting comments. A Notice of Intent (NOI) to prepare an EIS was published in the Federal Register on October 6, 1993. Public scoping meetings were held in Klawock, Thorne Bay, and Ketchikan. Individual consultations also took place between Control Lake project team members and community representatives, environmen- tal organizations, timber industry representatives, agency representatives, and other interested parties.

The Draft EIS was released in October 1995 and subsistence hearings and public open houses were held in Klawock, Thorne Bay, Coffman Cove, and Ketchikan in December 1995. Many comments were received and reviewed and analyzed; responses are provided in Appendix B of this Supplemental Draft EIS.

A NOI to prepare a Supplemental Draft EIS was published in the Federal Register on August 14, 1997. A news release, announcing the availability of this Supplemental Draft EIS was issued.

Issues

Based on consultation with the public and government agencies, the scoping comments and Draft EIS comments received, the subsistence hearings, and internal scoping, seven issues were identified that were determined to be significant and within the scope of this EIS. These issues have been addressed by alternative development (e.g., a total of 12 different alternatives have been developed and analyzed for the project), with mitigation, or by analyzing the effects in terms of the issues. The seven significant issue areas are: (1) Honker Divide; (2) Recreation and Visual Quality; (3) Subsistence; (4) Wildlife Habitat and Biodiversity; (5) Fish Habitat and Water Quality; (6) Timber; and (7) Karst and Cave Resources.

Alternatives Considered in Detail

Four alternatives are considered in detail in the Supplemental Draft EIS. These include the No Action Alternative (Alternative 1) and three action alternatives (Alternatives 10, 1 1, and 12). Alternatives 3 and 5 were previously considered, but not analyzed in detail. Alternatives 2, 4, 6, 7,8, and 9 were previously analyzed in detail and presented in the Draft EIS (including appendi- ces), but are no longer being considered.

The No Action alternative. Alternative 1, would result in no additional timber harvest or road construction in the Control Lake Project Area. This alternative serves as a baseline, against which the three action alternatives are measured.

Control Lake Supplemental Draft EIS

SUMMARY ■ v

Alternative 10

Alternative 1 1

Alternative 1 2

Vi ■ SUMMARY

Alternative 10 results in the harvest of 1,281 acres in 38 harvest units producing 38 MMBF of net sawlog and utility volume. To implement this harvest, approximately 30 miles of road would be constructed or reconstructed. This alternative does not schedule harvest in the Honker Divide (“ridge-to-ridge”) north of Forest Road 30, in the Upper Logjam Creek area, in Rio Roberts Watershed, or in the Western Peninsula. It attempts to emphasize community-based, value-added products by choosing units that would be more easily harvested by independent and small operators. Units in this alternative minimize road construction, are smaller, and use conventional logging systems. This alternative was independently developed by a group consisting of environmental organization representatives, independent timber contractors, Alaska natives, educators, business owners, and fishermen, most of which are residents of Prince of Wales Island.

If Alternative 1 1 is implemented, it would result in the harvest of 3,612 acres in 98 harvest units producing approximately 94 MMBF of new sawlog and utility volume. To implement this harvest, approximately 78 miles of road would be constructed or reconstructed. This alternative was designed to be completely consistent with the 1997 Forest Plan Revision. It avoids harvest within all of the Old-Growth Habitat and Semi-Remote Recreation LUD’s including the Honker Divide area, Rio Roberts Watershed, most of the Western Peninsula, and other areas. Alterna- tive 1 1 reflects collaborative efforts between the Forest Service and other federal and state agencies.

If Alternative 12 were implemented, it would result in the harvest of 4,452 acres in 123 harvest units producing approximately 113 MMBF of new sawlog and utility volume. To implement this harvest, approximately 98 miles of road would be constructed or reconstructed. This alternative was designed to provide a maximum level of harvest consistent with the 1997 Forest Plan Revision. It avoids harvest within all of the Old-Growth Habitat and Semi-Remote Recreation LUD’s including the Honker Divide area, Rio Roberts Watershed, most of the Western Penin- sula, and other areas.

Effects of the Alternatives

The effects are summarized, by significant issue, along with the alternative descriptions in Chapter 2. Tables 2-2 and 2-3, located at the end of Chapter 2, provide quantitative summaries of the effects.

Control Lake Supplemental Draft EIS

Contents

Volume I

Summary

Contents

Figures

Tables

Chapter 1 Purpose and

Need for Action introduction

Proposed Action Purpose And Need

Timber Growth and Productivity Market Demands Local Employment Opportunities Project Area

The Decision-Making Process Relationship To Forest Plan Land Use Designations

Forest-wide Standards and Guidelines Other Land Status Scoping And Public Involvement DraftEIS

Supplemental Draft EIS FinalEIS Issues

Significant Issues

Issues Outside The Scope Of This EIS Legislation And Executive Orders Related To This EIS Federal And State Permits And Licenses Availability Of Project Files

Chapter 2

Alternatives introduction

Changes between Draft EIS and Supplemental Draft EIS New Information Public/Agency Input Revised Analysis TLMP ( 1 997) Transition Development of Alternatives Ecosystem Management Items Common To All Alternative Frameworks Alternatives Considered But Eliminated From Detailed Study Alternative 2

iii

vii

xiv

XV

1

4

5

6

8

7

8

10

11

12

14

15

1

2

3

4

10

13

Control Lake Supplemental Draft EIS

TABLE OF CONTENTS ■ vii

Chapter 2 (cont.) Alternative 3 13

Alternative 4 13

Alternative 5 13

Alternative 6 14

Alternative 7 14

Alternative 8 14

Alternative 9 ^ 14

Alternatives Considered In Detail 14

Alternative 1 Framework (No Action) 15

Alternative 1 0 Framework 16

Alternative 1 1 Framework (Preferred Alternative) 19

Alternative 1 2 Framework 21

Comparison And Evaluation Of Alternatives 24

Mitigation Measures 36

Site-Specific Mitigation Measures 36

Monitoring 36

Forest Plan 36

Chapter 3 Affected

Environment Introduction 1

Available Information 1

Land Divisions 2

Geographic Information System 2

General Project Area Description 3

Climate And Air Quality 5

Climate 5

Air Quality 5

Geology, Minerals, And Karst 9

Introduction 9

Geology 9

Minerals 11

Karst 12

Soils 13

Introduction 13

Soil Groups 13

Soil Productivity 17

Erosion 17

Landslides 18

Wetlands, Floodplains, And Riparian Areas 21

Wetlands 21

Floodplains 23

Riparian Management Areas 25

Water, Fish, And Fisheries 29

Introduction 30

Water Resources 30

Fish And Fisheries Resources 35

Vegetation And Timber Resources 51

Introduction 52

Desired Future Condition 52

Forest Land Classification 53

Previous Harvest 54

Silvical Characteristics Of Tree Species 54

viii ■ TABLE OF CONTENTS

Control Lake Supplemental Draft EIS

Chapter 3 (cont.)

Plant Communities And Cover Types 56

Proportionality Analysis 61

Forest Health 61

Silviculture 63

Even-Aged Systems 61

Uneven-Aged Systems 67

Timber Harvest Methods 67

Wildlife 77

Introduction 77

Wildlife Habitats 77

Special Wildlife Habitats 81

Management Indicator Species 82

Snag Density By Watershed 91

Threatened, Endangered, And Sensitive Species 93

Plants 93

Fish 91

Wildlife 91

Biodiversity 103

Stand, Between Stand, And Landscape Biodiversity 103

Habitat Diversity 101

Fragmentation And Connectivity 105

Lands 115

Introduction 115

State And Native Lands, Claims, And Allotments 115

Other Land Use Issues 117

Comprehensive Plans 117

Transportation And Facilities 119

Transportation 119

Post-Harvest Maintenance And Access Management 120

Logging Camps 121

Forest Service Facilities 121

Log Transfer Facilities 121

Economic And Social Environment 123

Introduction 123

Southeast Alaska Regional Economy 123

Demographics and Income 131

Subsistence 139

Introduction 139

Subsistence Overview 140

Tongass Resource Use Cooperative Survey 140

Control Lake Subsistence Interviews 141

Affected Resources 153

Cultural Resources 161

Introduction 161

Ethnohistory Of Project Area 161

Control Lake Cultural Resource Inventory 165

Project Area Cultural Resources 166

National Register Registration Requirements And Recommendations 169

Visual 171

Introduction 172

Visual Character Types 172

Scenic Quality 172

Visual Sensitivity 175

Control Lake Supplemental Draft EIS

TABLE OF CONTENTS ■ ix

Visual Quality Objectives 175

Existing And Future Visual Conditions 177

Visual Absorption Capability 180

Cumulative Visual Disturbance 180

Project Area Viewsheds 180

Recreation, Roadless Areas, Wild And Scenic Rivers, And Wilderness Areas 187

Introduction 187

Recreation Opportunity Spectrum 188

Recreation Places 189

Recreation Sites 198

Future Recreational Resources Near The Project Area 201

Existing Activities And Use Patterns 201

Commercial Outfitters And Special Recreational Use Permits 204

Wild And Scenic Rivers 206

Roadless Areas 206

Wilderness 208

Chapter 4 Environmental

Consequences introduction i

Analyzing Effects 1

Climate And Air Quality 3

Geology, Minerals, And Karst 5

Introduction 5

Direct, Indirect, And Cumulative Effects On Mineral Resources 5

Mitigation for Mineral Resources 5

Monitoring for Mineral Resources 6

Direct, Indirect, And Cumulative Effects On Karst Resources 6

Mitigation for Karst Resources 8

Monitoring for Karst Resources 9

Soils 11

Introduction 11

Direct And Indirect Effects 1 1

Soil Productivity 11

Soil Erosion 13

Landslides 14

Cumulative Effects 15

Mitigation 16

Monitoring 17

Wetlands, Floodplains, And Riparian Areas 19

Wetlands 19

Estuaries 22

Floodplains 23

Riparian Management Areas 25

Mitigation 27

Cumulative Effects 29

Monitoring 30

Water, Fish, And Fisheries 31

Direct And Indirect Effects To Water Resources 31

Stream Sediment 33

Water Chemistry 36

Stream Temperature And Dissolved Oxygen 36

X ■ TABLE OF CONTENTS

Control Lake Supplemental Draft EIS

Chapter 4 (cont.) Consumptive Water Use 37

Direct And Indirect Effects To Fish And Fisheries 37

Cumulative Effects 42

Mitigation 48

Monitoring 51

Silviculture, Timber, & Vegetation 53

Environmental Consequences 54

Direct Effects 54

Forest Plant Communities 54

Non-Forested Cover Types 55

Threatened And Endangered Plant Species 55

Volume Class 55

Site Class 59

Proposed Harvest Volume 60

Proposed Harvest By Silvicultural System 60

Proposed Harvest Methods 61

Proposed Harvest Unit Size 64

Operability 65

Indirect Effects 65

Cumulative Effects 70

Projected Harvest Through 2004 71

Cumulative Harvest Through 2054 71

Timber Supply 72

Mitigation 72

Monitoring 73

Wildlife 75

Wildlife Habitats 75

Forest Successional Habitats 75

Management Indicator Species (MIS) 77

Effects On Snag Density By VCU 84

Wildlife Population Objectives 86

Cumulative Effects 86

Mitigation 88

Monitoring 91

Threatened, Endangered, And Sensitive Species 93

Plants 93

Wildlife 93

Cumulative Effects 98

Mitigation 98

Monitoring 99

Biodiversity 101

Stand And Landscape Biodiversity 101

Habitat Diversity 102

Forest Fragmentation 102

Patch-Size Effectiveness 107

Population Viability 108

Cumulative Effects 108

Mitigation 109

Monitoring 109

Lands 111

Harvest Units Adjacent to Non-national Forest System Lands 111

Rights of Way and Land Use Agreements 112

Land Use Designations 113

Control Lake Supplemental Draft EIS

TABLE OF CONTENTS ■ xi

Chapter 4 (cont.) Special Use Permits 1 13

Transportation And Facilities 115

Introduction 115

Road Development 115

Construction Coordination With Fish And Wildlife 118

Rock Quarries 118

Maintenance Level 119

Access Management 119

Logging Camps 120

Log Transfer Facilities 121

Economic And Social Environment 123

Introduction 123

Economic Evaluation 123

Socioeconomic Analysis 129

Sectoral Economic Effects 134

Cumulative Effects 136

Subsistence 137

Introduction 137

Evaluation Criteria 138

Direct, Indirect, And Cumulative Impacts On Subsistence Use Of Deer 139

Direct, Indirect, And Cumulative Impacts On Subsistence Use Of Other Resources 146

Other Conclusions 151

Cultural Resources 155

Introduction 155

Direct And Indirect Effects 155

Visual 159

Introduction 160

Effects Of Alternatives 160

Summary Of Effects By Alternative 169

Cumulative Visual Effects 169

Mitigation 172

Monitoring 174

Recreation, Roadless Areas, Wild And Scenic Rivers, And Wilderness Areas 175

Introduction 175

Impacts On ROS Settings 175

Impacts On Recreation Places 180

Impacts To Recreation Sites 183

Commercial Outfitters And Guides 184

Effects Of Timber Industry Facilities And Employees 185

Road Management 185

Roadless Areas 185

Effects On Wild And Scenic Rivers 186

Wilderness 187

Cumulative Effects 187

ROS Settings 188

Recreation Places 188

Recreation Sites 189

Mitigation 189

Monitoring 190

Chapter 5

References i

xii ■ TABLE OF CONTENTS

Control Lake Supplemental Draft EIS

Chapter 6

Glossary i

Chapter 7

Distribution List i

Chapter 8

Preparers i

Chapter 9

Index 1

Volume II

Appendix A

Appendix B Appendix C Appendix D Appendix E

Reasons for Scheduling the Environmental Analysis of the Control Lake Project Area

Responses to Comments and Subsistence Hearing Testimony Mitigation Measures By Harvest Unit Revised Unit and Road Design Cards Summary of Watershed Analyses

Control Lake Supplemental Draft EIS

TABLE OF CONTENTS ■ xiii

	Figures
Chapter 1	1-1	Project Vicinity Map	2
	1-2	How This EIS is Organized	3
	1-3	VCU’sand 1 997 TLMP Revision LUD’s	9
Chapter 2	2-1	Map of Landscape Zones	8
	2-2	Number of Units Seen from Priority Travel Routes and Use Areas	24
	2-3	Timber Harvest and Road Construction/Reconstruction	26
	24	Risk to Water Quality and Fish Habitat by Alternative	27
	2-5	Net Stumpage Values ($/MBF) and PNV’ s ($million)	28
	2-6	Mitigation/Monitoring Feedback Loop	41
Chapter 3	3-1	Average Monthly Precipitation in Craig and Hollis, 1991 and 1992	7
	3-2	Soil Characteristics of Project Area	15
	3-3	Major Watersheds in the Project Area	16
	34	Soils by Mass Movement Index	19
	3-5	Wetland Types in Project Area	23
	3-6	Average Monthly Discharge of Staney Creek 1 964 to 1 98 1 , and 1 990 to 1 992	31
	3-7	Average Monthly Discharge of North Fork Staney Creek	32
	3-8	Average Monthly Discharge of Black Bear Lake	32
	3-9	Salmon Life Cycle	37
	3-10	Schematic Diagram of Harvest Type A	68
	3-11	Schematic Diagram of Harvest Type B	68
	3-12	Schematic Diagram of Harvest Type C	69
	3-13	Schematic Diagram of Harvest Type D	69
	3-14	Schematic Diagram of Harvest Type E	70
	3-15	Schematic Diagram of Harvest Type F	70
	3-16	Schematic Diagram of Harvest Type G	71
	3-17	Schematic Diagram of Harvest Type H	71
	3-18	Schematic Diagram of Harvest Type I	72
	3-19	Live Skyline Yarding System	74
	3-20	Running Skyline Yarding System	74
	3-21	Highlead Yarding System	75
	3-22	Slackline Y arding System	75
	3-23	Distribution of WAA’s In and Around the Project Area	80
	3-24	Distribution of Forest and Interior Forest Patches in 1954	108
	3-25	Distribution of Forest and Interior Forest Patches Under Existing Conditions - 1995	109
	3-26	Land Ownership/Management in the Project Area	116
	3-27	Coffman Cove TRUCS Map	144
	3-28	Craig TRUCS Map (Areas Ever Hunted for Deer - Percent of Households)	146
	3-29	Hollis TRUCS Map (Areas Ever Hunted for Deer - Percent of Households)	147
	3-30	Hydaburg TRUCS Map (Areas Ever Hunted for Deer - Percent of Households)	148
	3-31	Klawock TRUCS Map (Areas Ever Hunted for Deer - Percent of Households)	150
	3-32	Thome Bay TRUCS Map (Areas Ever Hunted for Deer - Percent of Households)	152
	3-33	Typical Scenery in the Coastal Hill Portion of the Project	173
	3-34	Typical Scenery in the Kupreanof Lowland Portion of the Project	173
	3-35	Variety Classes in the Control Lake Project Area	174
	3-36	Sensitivity Levels in the Control Lake Project Area	176
	3-37	Visual Quality Objectives in the Control Lake Project Area	178
	3-38	Existing Visual Conditions in the Control Lake Project Area	179

xiv ■ TABLE OF CONTENTS

Control Lake Supplemental Draft EIS

3-39	Visual Priority Area Viewsheds in the Control Lake Project Area	182
340	Acreage of ROS Settings in Control Lake Project Area	190
341	Map of ROS Settings	191
342	Recreation Places	193
343	Recreation Sites	196
344	Project Area Streams and Rivers for Which Outfitter/Guide Permits
	Were Requested	205
345	Number of Service Days (Clients Used by Outfitters/Guides in and Near
	the Project Area in 1991 and 1992	205
4-1	Relative (Dimensionless) Risk of Potential Effects to Class I, Class II, Class III, and All Streams Combined Based on Quantity, Type, and
	Location of Stream Buffering	44
4-2	Distribution of Forest and Interior Forest Patches Under Alternative 1
	(Existing Condition)	103
4-3	Distribution of Forest and Interior Forest Patches under Alternative 10	IM
44	Distribution of Forest and Interior Forest Patches under Alternative 1 1	105
4-5	Distribution of Forest and Interior Forest Patches under Alternative 12	106
4-6	View North From South Shore of Big Salt Lake	164
4-7	View South From Control Lake Cabin	165
4-8	View Northwest From East Shore of Balls Lake	167
4-9	Alternative 10 ROS Settings	177
4-10	Alternative 1 1 ROS Settings	178
4-11	Alternative 12 ROS Settings	179

Tables

Chapter 2 2-1 Control Lake Project Area Landscape Zones 5

2-2 Physical and Economic Outputs of Alternatives '29

2-3 Environmental Consequences of Alternatives 30

2-4 Landscape Zone Effects 32

2- 5 Site-Specific Mitigation Measures Incorporated into Unit and Road Design 37

Chapter 3 3-1 Number of Days, by Month, With Winds Over 30 Miles Per Hour 6

3- 2 Mean Yearly Summer and Winter Temperatures, Precipitation, and Snow

Accumulation for Craig and Hollis 6

3-3 Project Area Floodplains (in acres) 24

34 Riparian Management Area in the Control Lake Project Area (acres) 26

3-5 Previously Harvested Project Area Riparian Management Area (acres) 27

3-6 Stream Temperatures in the Control Lake Proj ect Area 35

3-7 Project Area Streams by Class (in miles) 38

3-8 Existing and Planned Stream Enhancement Projects in the Control Lake Project Area 44

3-9 Coho Salmon Habitat Capability 1 954 to 1 995 by VCU 46

3-10 Pink Salmon Habitat Capability 1954 to 1995 by VCU 48

3-11 Dolly Varden Char Habitat Capability 1954 to 1995 by VCU 49

3-12 Past Timber Harvest Acreage: Control Lake Project Area 54

3-13 Forest Plant Series in the Control Lake Project 56

3-14 Non-forested Plant Communities 58

3-15 Net Sawlog Volumes in Each Volume Class 59

3-16 SiteClassdistribution within Control Lake VCU’ s Site Class Acres 60

Control Lake Supplemental Draft EIS TABLE OF CONTENTS ■ xv

Tables (cont.) 3-17 Inventory Volume, Trees, and Basal Area per Acre by Volume Class 60

3-18 Percent Volume Composition by Species for Volume Classes 61

3-19 Silvicultural System and Harvest Type Designations 65

3-20 Project Area WAA’s and VCU’s 79

3-21 Successional Stages in Acres, Current Condition ( 1 995) 79

3-22 Acres of Special Wildlife Habitats Existing Condition (1995) 81

3-23 Management Indicator Species for the Project Area 83

3-24 Estimated MIS Habitat Capabilities for 1 995 Expressed as a Percentage

of 1954 Habitat Capabilities 83

3-25 Bald Eagle Nest Sites in the Control Lake Project Area on National Forest System Lands

89

3-26 Snags Per Acre by VCU 92

3-27 Candidate Threatened/Endangered and Sensitive Plant Species Potentially

Occurring in the Project Area 95

3-28 Marbled Murrelet Survey Results by Area Sampled 100

3-29 Patch Size Class Relationships 107

3-30 Area (acres) in Forest Patches and Interior Forest Patches by Size Class for

1954 and 1 995 (Existing Conditions) 1 10

3-31 Patch Size Effectiveness Curve Values by Patch Size Class and by Species 110

3-32 Patch Size Effectiveness V alues for Five Management Indicator Species 111

3-33 Existing Roads and Road Density for the Control Lake Project Area 120

3-34 Direct Employment in Resource Dependent Industries and Southeast Alaska Total 125

3-35 Southeast Alaska Timber Production and Employment 1984 to 1994 126

3-36 Forest Receipts and Payments to the State of Alaska, Fiscal Years 1980 to 1992 128

3-37 Southeast Alaska Salmon Harvesting and Seafood Processing Direct Employment

(Average Annual Jobs) 129

3-38 Tongass-related Recreation and Tourism Consumption and Employment -

Historical and Projected 130

3-39 Selected 1990 U.S. Bureau of the Census Population and Housing Data (Extended

Primary ROI) 133

3-40 Prince of Wales Island Study Communities 142

341 Per Capita Subsistence Harvest (Edible Pounds) for Rural Communities ( 1987) 143

342 Total Summary Deer Harvest for Communities with Any Reported Harvest in

Project Area, 1988-1991 154

343 Current Harvest of Sitka Black-tailed Deer by WAA 155

3-44 Current Harvest of Black Bears by WAA 156

345 Current Harvest of Marten by WAA 157

346 Current Harvest of River Otters by WAA 157

347 Summary of Documented Project Area Wolf Harvest 158

348 Project Area-Related-Streams, Permit and Harvest Statistics ( 1 985 to 1 993) 158

349 Average Yearly Number of Subsistence/Personal Use Permits Used in Selected

Locations, and Average Salmon Harvest by Species by Community (1985 to 1993) 159

3-50 Cultural Chronology 162

3-51 Known Cultural Resource Properties Within the Control Lake Project Area 167

3-52 National Register of Historic Places Recommendations or Status for

Cultural Resource Properties in the Control Lake Project Area 170

3-53 Adopted Visual Quality Objectives for Each Land Use Designation 177

3-54 Control Lake Project Area Recreation Places and Sites 194

3-55 Deer Harvest Summary, 1987- 1991, by WAA 204

3- 56 Inventories Roadless Areas within the Project Area 207

Chapter 4 4-1 Environmental Consequences of Alternatives on Karst Areas 8

4- 2 Estimated Soil Disturbance by Watershed due to Harvesting (in Acres) 12

xvi ■ TABLE OF CONTENTS

Control Lake Supplemental Draft EIS

Tables (cont.)

4-3

44

4-5

4^

4-7

4-8

4-9

4-10

4-11

4-12

4-13

4-14

4-15

4-16

4-17

4-18

4-19

4-20

4-21

4-22

4-23

4-24

4-25

4-26

4-27

4-28

4-29

4-30

4-31

4-32

4-33

4-34

4-35

4-36

4-37

4-38

4-39

440

441

442

443

444

445

446

447

Estimated Soil Disturbance by Watershed due to Road Construction (in Acres - including quarries and landings) 13

Acreage of Harvest Units on High MMI Soils 14

Harvest Area on Wetlands by Alternative and Watershed (in acres) 20

Road Construction on Wetlands by Alternative and Watershed (in acres) 22

Number of Floodplain Road Crossings of Class I Streams by Alternative 23

Riparian Management Area Harvested by Stream Class and Watershed (in Acres) 24

Lengths (in Miles) of Stream Buffer 28

Lengths of Class III Stream (in Miles) Treated with Best Management Practices (BMP’s) by Alternative 28

Sediment Delivery Potential of Harvest Units for the Alternatives 33

Number of Road Crossings of Class I, II, and III Streams by Alternative 34

Sediment Delivery Potential of Roads by Alternative 35

Dolly Varden Char Habitat Capability from 1954to2145by VCU 39

Coho Salmon Habitat Capability (Smolt Production) from 1954 to 2145 by VCU 39

Pink Salmon Habitat Capability (Smolt Production) from 1 954 to 2 145 by VCU 40

Cumulative Ground-Disturbing Activities (% Total Area) by Major Watershed and Alternative 46

Cumulative Harvest in Riparian Management Area (% of Total Area) for Channel Types HC 1 , HC2, HC3, HC5, HC6, and HC9 by Major Watershed and Alterna- tive 47

Acres of Proposed Harvest by Plant Series and Alternative 54

Miles of Proposed Road Across Forested Plant Communities 55

Miles of Proposed Road Across the Non-forested Vegetation Communities 55

Proposed Harvest of Volume Class Acreage by VCU for Alternative 10 56

Proposed Harvest of Volume Class Acreage by VCU for Alternative 11 57

Proposed Harvest of Volume Class Acreage by VCU for Alternative 12 58

Proposed Harvest Acreage in Each Site Class by Alternative 60

Proposed Harvest Volume by Alternative 60

Proposed Harvest by Silvicultural System and Alternative 61

Proposed Harvest by Silvicultural System, VCU, and Alternative 62

Distribution of Proposed Harvest System 64

Units Greater than 100 Acres 65

Normal, Difficult, and Isolated Acre Projections by Alternative 66

Acres of Previous Timber Harvest 71

Average Annual Timber Harvest Acres from 1 940 through 2054 72

Proposed Silvicultural Treatments 76

Road Density by Alternative 78

Changes in MIS Habitat Capability, by Alternative 79

Number of Units Affecting High Quality Habitat by Alternative 79

Miles of Road Construction Affected by Seasonal Blasting Restrictions 83

Cumulative Changes in MIS Habitat Capability through 2054 88

Acres of Old Growth Remaining and Average Patch Size Effectiveness Indexes for the Marbled Murrelet by Alternative and Area %

Comparison of the Effects of the Alternatives on Goshawk Habitat (in acres) 97

Area (Acres) in Forest Patches by Size Class for the Alternatives 107

Area (Acres) in Interior Forest Patches by Size Class for the Alternatives 107

Patch-size Effectiveness Values for Five Management Indicator Species by Alternative 108

Proposed Harvest Units Adjacent to or Within 0.25 Mile of Non-National Forest System Lands 111

Proposed Harvest Units Within 0.5 Mile of the Karta Wilderness 1 12

Proposed Harvest Units to be Accessed by Roads on Sealaska Lands North of

Control Lake Supplemental Draft EIS

TABLE OF CONTENTS ■ xvii

Tables (cont.) BigSaltLake 112

4-48 Miles of New and Reconstructed Road by Action Alternative 116

4-49 Miles of Road Construction/Reconstruction by Road Class and Alternative 117

4-50 Required Road Construction and Reconstruction by Alternative 118

4-51 Miles so Road by Traffic Service Level by Alternative 119

4-52 Estimated TimberVolume(MMBF) Serviced by Logging Community 120

4-53 Estimated Timber volume (MMBF) Handled by Log Transfer Facility 121

4-54 Economic Efficiency Analysis 125

4-55 Summary of Economic Assessment for Alternative 10 by Geographic Area 126

4-56 Summary of Economic Assessment for Alternative 1 1 by Geographic Area 126

4-57 Summary of Economic Assessment for Alternative 1 2 by Geographic Area 127

4-58 Summary of Net Stumpage Values (per MBF) by Geographic Area (based on high timber prices) 127

4-59 Public Investment Summary 128

4-60 Total Employment and Income Effects on Socioeconomic 131

4-61 Employment Effects and Estimated Return to the State and Ketchikan from Federal

Income T axes Derived from Proj ect-Produced Personal Income 131

4-62 Estimated Minimal Payments to the State of Alaska 133

4-63 Project Area WAA Deer Harvest in 1 995 Compared to Habitat Capability in

1 998 by Alternative 140

4-64 Project Area WAA Deer Harvest 142

4-65 Acreage Used by More than 5 Percent of Rural Community Households for Deer

Hunting, and Acres Proposed for Timber Harvest by Alternative and Community 143 4-66 Acreage Used by More than 15 Percent of Rural Community Households for Deer

Hunting, and Acres Proposed for Timber Harvest, by Alternative and Community 144 4-67 Possibility of a Significant Restriction of Subsistence Use of Sitka Black-Tailed

Deer After Proj ect Implementation for Each Alternative and Community 146

4-68 Project Area WAA Black Bear Harvest Compared to Habitat Capability in 1998

by Alternative 147

469 Project Area WAA Marten Harvest in 1 995 Compared to Habitat Capability in

1 998 by Alternative 148

4-70 Project Area WAA River Otter Harvest in 1 995 Compared to Habitat Capability in 1 998