THE

Botanical Magazine;

O R,

Flower-Garden Difplayed :

IN WHICH

The moft Ornamental Foreign Plants, cultivated in the Open Ground, the Green-Houfe, and the Stove, are accurately reprefented in their natural Colours.

TO WHICH ARE ADDED,

Their Names, Clafs, Order, Generic and Specific Chara&ers, according to the celebrated Linnaeus; their Places of Growth, and Times of Flowering :

TOGETHER WITH

THE MOST APPROVED METHODS OF CULTURE.

A WORK

Intended for the Ufe of fuch Ladies, Gentlemen, and Gardeners, as wiih to become fcientifically acquainted with the Plants they cultivate.

By WILLIAM CURTIS,

Author of the Flora Londinensis.

VOL. XI.

“ Not a tree,

** A plant, a leaf, a bloflom, but contains “ A folio volume. We may read and read,

“ And read again, and Hill find fomething new,

“ Something to pleafe, and fomething to inftruft.”

The Village Curate.

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LONDON:

PRINTED BY STEPHEN COUCHMAN,

For W. CURTIS, N° 3, St. George s-Crefcent, Black-Friars-Road ; And Sold by the principal Bookfellers in Great-Britain and Ireland.

MDCCXCVII.

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Lycium Japonicum. Japanese Boxthorn.

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C/q/} cz7/i Order .

Pentandria Monogynia.

Generic Character.

Cor. tubulofa, fauce claufa filamentorum barba. Bacca 2- locularis polyfperma.

Specific Character and Synonyms .

LYCIUM japonicum inerme, foliis ovatis nervofis planis, floribus feffilibus. Lhunb. FI. jap. p. 93. tab . 17. Linn. Syft. Vegetab. ed. 14. Murr. p. 228. Ait. Kcw. v . 1. p. 2 56.

LYCIUM foetidum* Linn. SuppL 150.

LYCIUM indicum. Reiz . Obf 2. p. 12. 21.

LIGUSTRO affinis, frutex baccifer fee tens, Buxi facie — Come Com mi, Mantees. Kaempf. Amccn. Exot. p* _ 780.

BUCHOZIA coprofmoides . Li Merit. Monograph .

White flowers reprefented on white paper, make a poor figure, efpecially if fmall ; our delineation, therefore, as we have too frequently to lament, does not do juftice to the ori¬ ginal, which forms a neat thick bufh of humble growth, and in the autumn produces numerous white flowers, fomewhat like thofe of Jafmine, but without feent, as is the whole plant if not bruifed ; but if you ftrongly fqueeze a flower-bud or the top of a young fho6t betwixt your thumb and finger, you will perceive a fmell highly difgufting, which Kjemffer likens to that of human ordure : Profeffor Retzius, who has minutely deferibed this plant in his Obf. Bot. denies the exiftence of this fmell G and thus very unjuftly impeaches the veracity of the learned and accurate Kjempfer : Profeffor Thunberg

* Quae de odore ftercoris refert Kaempfer falfa efie in Horto Hafnienfi obfervavi, et ad fmgularem Botanicifque ignotam arborem a Batavis Strunthout didam referri debere monuit amiciffimus Thunberg,

appears

appears to have countenanced him in this idea, vid. note ; we cannot account for this error in Prof. Retzius, diftinguifhed for the excellence of his botanical obfervations, but by fup- pofing that he fmelt to the old leaves of the Lycium, which, if ever fo ftrongly bruifed, emit little or no fcent : an odour fimilar to that of the prefent plant is excited in the Dracoce i fhalum Sibiricum on the flighted: touch, and the roots of feveral fpecies of Mimofa are equally offenfive.

K.empfer, who found this plant not only wild, but culti¬ vated in Japan, obferved the flowers to vary in the number of their fegments, which they do here : Thun berg obferved it with double flowers, a variety now not uncommon in the colle&ions about London ; he remarked alfo hedges made of it, and what is very remarkable, he fays, the plant produces no fruit, frudlus non pro due it • K^empfer mult have found it in fruit, or he would not have called it baccifer ; Mr. Haxton, when in the fuit of the late embafly to China, found it cul¬ tivated by the Chinefe in the open ground and in pots.

It was introduced here in 1787, by Monf. Cels*, is ufually kept in the greenhoufe, and is readily enough increafed by cuttings.

Many of the Japanefe plants being as hardy as our own natives, we recommend it to be tried in the open ground.

* Ait. K gw.

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*

Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2019 with funding from Wellcome Library

https://archive.org/details/s1id13292140

JPui. by WCurtu’^CfeD.-Crefcent Feb. /. tjyj

C 3^2 ]

Erica Retorta. Recurved Heath.

Cl a/s and Order .

OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

Generic Char after.

Cal . 4-phyllus. Cor . 4-fida. Filamenta receptaculo inferta. Anther# bifidae. Cap/ 4-locularis.

Specific Char after and Synonyms .

ERICA retorta foliis quaternis ariftatis recurvis, pedunculis bra&eatis, floribus ampullaceis vifcofis, ftylo exferto, laciniis corollae acutis.

ERICA retorta antheris fubcriftatis, foliis quaternis recurvis, corollis ovato-oblongis, ftylo mediocri. Linn. Suppl. Plant, p. 220.

ERICA retorta foliis quaternis ovatis ferrulatis fquarrofis, flo¬ ribus umbellatis vifcofis. Fhunb. Prod. PI. Cap. p. 75.

ERICA retorta Mont . Aft. holm. ann. 1774. p . 297. t. 7,

No one can view the prefent fpecies of Ericay without per¬ ceiving a manifeft fimilarity betwixt it and the ampul lace a already figured; the flowers of each are fimilar in form, and not very different in fize and colour ; in the retorta the ftripes of the ampullacea are wanting, the blofloms of both are highly vifcous, the fegments of the corolla are more pointed in the retortay the bra&eae in the ampullacea are larger, more numer¬ ous, and more highly coloured ; in the foliage the two plants differ very obvioufly, the leaves of the retorta being all of them recurved, or bent back, whence its name ; each of them is alfo terminated by a long awn or fpine : viewed with a magnifying glafs, they appear edged with hairs ; but furely thefe are not fufficiently ftrong to juftify Thun berg’s term of /errulatis.

The flowers when they begin to blow, which is at different periods of the fummer, ufually about Auguft, grow four to¬ gether; thefe, as they advance, make way for four others, in

their

ihdr centre, and thefe again for others ; fo that in large fpe- cimens, a bunch of flowers will fometimes confift of twenty or more bloffoms : previous to their expanfion they are beau¬ tiful in the extreme, the body of the corolla is then almoft white, the bulbous part at its fummit a deep crimfon, termi¬ nated by a little flame-like point, inclining more to a fcarlet, which expands into four acute fegments.

Our drawing was made from a plant which flowered at Meffrs. Lee and Kennedy’s, Hammerfmith ; we afterwards faw at Mr. Williams’s, Turnham-Green, a variety with larger flowers, and leaves more clofely imbricated.

This fpecies has long fince been defcribed by Monti, in the Swedifh Tranfa&ions, and more lately in the Suppl. PL of the younger Linnaeus, who makes it a native of the Cape on the authority of Frofeffor Thu nb erg.

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To this country it has been introduced fince the publication of the Hort. Kew.

Like the ampullacea , it is at prefent fcarcely to be had for any price, being rare, and difficult to increafe by cuttings.

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[ 363 ]

Rosa Lutea. Austrian Rose.

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Clafs and Order .

ICOSANDRIA FoLYGYNIA.

Generic Char aider.

Petala 5. Cal . urceolatus, 5-fidus, carnofus, collo coarflatus; plurima, hifpida, calycis interior! lateri affixa.

Specific Charader and Synonyms.

ROSA luted germinibus globofis pedunculifque glabris, caly- ci bus petiolifque fpinulofis, aculeis ramornm reftis Ait. Kew. v. 2. p. 20\. Mill. Did. ed. 6. \to.

ROSA lutea (implex. Bank. Pin. 483. The Tingle yellow Rofc. Park . Par ad. p. 417.

Prof. Jacquin has given us a monograph on the genus Oxalisy which he has executed highly to his honour; we wifli Tome Botanill of equal abilities would do the fame by the genus Rofa, many of the fpecies of which arc hill involved in great obfcurity : Mr. Aiton in the Hort. Kezv. has taken much pains to elucidate many of them, and this one in particular* which he calls lutea , a name it had previoufly obtained from Miller, and feveral older Botanihs ; we wifli he had been lefs complaifant on this occafion, and given to it and the fulphurea (which he calls the double yellow rofe) epithets more difcri- minative : hitherto the lutea has not been found that we know of in a double (late, it poflibly may at fome future time ; in that cafe, the lutea and fulphurea will both have the fame name : — to prevent confufion, we have thought it expedient to call the lutea the Auftrian Role, and the fulphurea may be de¬ nominated the Levant Rofe: — we are aware that names of this fort are not of the bed kind, and only to be adopted under certain circumftances.

This fpecies is found wild in Auftria, and other parts of Germany; was cultivated in this country in the time of Gerard and Parkinson : it is a fhrub of low growth, flowers in July, is very hardy, and readily propagated ; authors differ as to the feent of its flowers, Miller fays they have none, others very little, and others that the little they have is very unplea- fan t ; hence it has been called by Allion 1, Rofafcetida ; in point of colour, they are fubject to great variation ; the red and yellow Auftrian Rofe is confidered by Mr. Aiton as its principal variety : it is our intention to give a figure of this very fhewy plant in fome future number of the Magazine, when we hope further to elucidate the fubjefl by fome prac¬ tical obfervations.

by h/t Curtis Sr Geo: Cryce?zt .Afar. /. ijyj.

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[ 364 ]

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Vitex Negundo. Five-Leaved Chaste-Tree,

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CAz/} <377^ Order .

DidynaMia Angiospermia,

Generic Character.

Cal . 5-dentatus. Cbr. limbus 6-fidus. Bacca 4-fperma.

Sped fie Character and Synonyms.

VITEX Negundo foliis quinatis ternatifque ferratis, floribus racemofo paniculatis. Linn. Syft. Beg. ed. 14. Murr. p. 579. Ait. Kew. v. 2. p. 365.

VITEX trifolia minor indica. Pink. Aim. 390. t. 206* NEGUNDO arbor mas. Bauh Hift. 1. p. 189.

VITEX chinenfis. Miller s Did. ed. 6. 4 to.

Mr. Aiton informs us*, that this deciduous tender ffirub, a native of China and the Eaft-Indies, diftinguifhed more for the elegance of its foliage than the beauty of its flowers, was cultivated here by the Duchefs of Beaufort, in 1697, at this prefent time juft one hundred years ago ; the plants fo cultivated in all probability were loft, as we find Mr. Miller, in defer! bing the fame plant in his Dictionary, under the name of chinenfis, thus to exprefs himfelf, “ the fourth fort, viz. “ chinenfis , has been lately introduced into the Englifh gar- “ dens from Paris, where the plants were raifed from feeds <c which were fent from China by the miftionaries. I was “ favoured with fome young plants, by Monf. Richard, u gardener to the king, at Verfailles. The two forts with <c white and blue flowers have fucceeded in the Chelfea gar- <c den, but that with red flowers mifearried." It would ap¬ pear from this account, that the Vitex Negundo was a common object of ornamental culture amongft the Chinefe, fince they poffeft’ed fo many varieties of it in point of colour; the purple flowered one is, we believe, the only fort cultivated in our nurferies, and that not commonly ; it bloftoms late in the fummer, and poffefles fome fragrance.

The plant is not difficult to increafe by cuttings, being too tender to bear our winters, at leaf! thofe which are fevere ; it is commonly kept in the greenhoufe. Miller very per¬ tinently remarks, <c that the plants are late in putting out leaves <c in the fpring, and before thefe appear, they have fo much the “ appearance of dead plants, that they have been turned out ce of the pots by fome, fuppofing they were fo."

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Oenothera Longiflora. Long-

F lowered Oenothera.

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C%d ^?7^/ Order.

OcTANDRIA Mon O GY N I A.

Generic Character.

Cal. 4-fidus. Petala 4. Cap/, cylindrica infera. Sern. nuda.

Specific Char after and Synonyms.

OENOTHERA longiflora foliis dcnticulatis, caulibus fimpli-

cibus pilofis, petalis diflantibus bilobis. Linn. Syfl. Vegetab. 358. Mant . 227. Ait. Kew. v. 2. p. 3. Jacq. Hort. 2 . p. 81. /. 172.

This Oenothera , in point of fize, the reverfe of the pumila, lately figured in this work [pi. 355) is a native of Buenos Ay res, and was introduced by the Chevalier Murray, in 1 776*.

We have feen this plant grow to a greater height than any other fpecies, luxuriant fpecimens have exceeded five feet by the time that they have nearly done flowering ; and as the flowers are uncommonly large and fhewy, and continue blow¬ ing a long while in fucceffion (from July to OHober) we fcarcely know a more defirable plant for the open border of a garden that is fpacious ; the flowers indeed, as in mod of the plants of this genus, open in the evening, and appear in, their greatefl beauty when thofe of other plants are either fallen to the ground, withered by the heat of the day, or folded in the arms of deep.

It is an annual of ready growth, and very produHive of feed, forne of which ripen early ; thefe are to be fown in the open border, where the plant is intended to flower, in March or the beginning of April ; as a (ingle plant will be diffident for one fpot, one feedling only need be left; care mult be taken to put a flick to it early of about four feet in length, to which its branches mud be carefully tied, when about a foot long, and this is all that is neceffary to be done ; by this means the plant is not only preferved from the effects of violent winds, but appears to much greater advantage.

Ait. Kew.

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E 366 ]

Erica Pyramidalis. Pyramidal Heath.

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Clafs and Order .

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OcTANDRLV MONOGYNIA*

Generic Character.

Cal. 4-phyllus. Cbr. 4-fida. Filamenta receptaculo inferta. Anther <e apice bifidae, pertufae. Cap/. 4-locularis, 4-valvis, polyfperma.

Specific Character and Synonyms .

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ERICA pyramidalis antheris muticis in clubs, corollis infundi- buliformibus quaternis, ftylo fubexferto, folds qua- ternis pubefcentibus. Ait. Kew. v. 3. p. 4 gi. Linn. Syfl. Nat. ed. Gmel. p. 624.

We prefent to our readers another Heath, a native of the Cape, introduced by Mr. Masson, in 1787, and now to be found in mod of the collections of greenhoufe plants in the neighbourhood of London.

It is a very ornamental fpecies, both in regard to its mode of growth, as well as to the vaft profufion of flowers with which its branches are covered ; the form of thefe is very charaCteriftic, and their colour, when air and fun are freely admitted to them, diffidently brilliant.

It continues to bloffom from September to March or April ; in point of height, it is to be ranked among thofe of a middling fize.

When young it is more apt to go off than many others; is raifed from cuttings in the ufual way.

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Verbena Triphylla. Three-Leaved

Vervain.

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Clafs and Order.

Diandkia Monogynia,

Generic Character.

Cor. infundibuliformis, fubaequalis, curva. Calycis unico dente truncato. Sem. 2. J. 4. nuda. (Stum. 2. J. 4.)

Specific Char aider and Synonyms.

VERBENA triphylla tetrandra, floribus paniculatis, foliis

ternis, caule fraticofo. h’ Merit. Stirp. Nov. p. 21. /. 11. Ait. Kew. v. 3. p. 480.

ALOYSXA ci tr odor a. Ort. et Pal. dijf. MSS.

We learn from Monf. IPHeritier, who has figured and defcribed this plant, in his work above referred to, that it is a native of South-America, from whence it had been tranf- mitted to Spain, jn the gardens of which it was cultivated in the open borders; Prof. Ortega, of Madrid, fent both plants and feeds of it to Monf. LHeritier at Paris, where Dr. Sibthorp obtained it, on his return from Greece, and intro¬ duced it here in 17 84.

Profeffors Ortega and Palau firft defcribed this plant, and named it Aloyjia citrodora , Monf. L/Heritier found it to be a Verbenay and gave it the trivial name of triphylla.

The leaves (or any part of the plant) when bruifed, give out a moll delightful fragrance; on this account, it is a moll valuable acquifition to our gardens : it forms a fhrub of a con- fiderable lize ; the leaves, as far as we have noticed, always grow three together; the veins on each fide of the midrib run parallel to each other ; the flowers are fmall, nearly white, forming a panicle, which, as far as our obfervation has ex¬ tended (and we have examined many luxuriant fpecimens) is never branched in the manner reprefented. in L’Heritier's figure ; they are produced during moll of the fummer and autumnal months.

This Hi rub, being eafily propagated by cuttings, is now become common in the neighbourhood of London, where it is treated as a greenhoufe plant ; in fome parts of this illand, efpecially near the lea, where the winter lofes much of its fe- verity, it would, in all probability, fucceed very well in the open border.

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C 368 ]

Antirrhinum Viscosum.

Toad-Flax.

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CL/} Order.

Didynamia An giosp ermi a.

Generic Charaftcr.

Cal . 5-phyllus. Corolla; bafis deorfum prominens ne6tarifera. Cap/. 2-locularis.

Specific Character and Synonyms.

ANTIRRHINUM vi/cofum foliis caulinis linear! bus alternis,

radicalibus lanceolatis quaternis, calyci- bus villofis, cauli approximatis. Linn. Sp. PI. ed. 2. p. 85 5. 6j/?. Vegctab. ed. 14. Murr. p. 556. Amcen. Acad. v. 4. p. 319. yf/Y. Kew. v. 2. p. 334. A. rag.

p. 80.

ANTIRRHINUM birtum foliis lanceolatis birds, floribus

fpicatis, foliolo calicino fupremo maximo. Jacq. PL rar. ic . £<?;//. 1. /. 30.

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The plant here figured, the Antirrhinum vifeofum of Lin¬ naeus, is a native of Spain, and was introduced to the royal garden at Kew, in 1786, by Monf. Thou in*.

It grows to about the fame height as the Antirrh. J'parteum, figured Pl. 200, has a Router and more upright flern, covered with more numerous hairs ; its flowers are larger than thofe of the fparteumy more particoloured, and have a greater affinity to thofe of our common Toad-flax ; in their form we may trace fomething of the fimilitude of a bird's head, the calyx is re¬ markable as to the form of its leaves, and accords fo well with that of Prof. Jacquin’s AntArh. hirtum , defcribed in Gmelin's Linn.. Syft. Nat. ed. 13. p. 931, that we ftrongly fufpefit it to be the fame plant.

It is an annual of ready growth, and flowers in July.

Its feeds fhould be fown about the beginning of April, in fmall patches, on the borders where the plants are intended to remain ; when the feedlings come up, they fhould be thinned, and left at the difiance of two or three inches from each other.

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[ 369 ]

Amaryllis Undulata. Waved

4

Flowered Amaryllis.

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C/j/j and Order.

Hex an dr i a Monogynia,

Generic Char after.

Cor. hexapetaloidea, irregularis. Filamenta fauci tubi inferta* declinata, inaequalia proportione vel direflione. Linn. Fil.

Specific Char after and Synonyms.

AMARYLLIS undulata petalis linearibus canaliculatis undu-

latis, ftaminibus piftilloque deflexis corolla brevioribus, fligmate obfoleto. Linn. Fil. Ait. Kew. v. l. p. 421. Linn. Syjl. Veget. ed. 14. Murr. p.

In the flowers of this fnecies of Amaryllis , a native of the Cape, and introduced about 1767, by }oiin Blackburne, Efq.* there is a confiderable degree of beauty, and flili more of fingularity ; and the plant is rendered more defirable, from its producing thofe flowers towards the clofe of autumn, fo late as Oftober and November, and that too both readily and abundantly.

Being a tender bulb, it is ufually kept during winter in the greenhoufe, or a well-fecured frame.

Is propagated by offsets, which are plentifully produced.

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Pub. by WCurtir J*/ Creo Cre/cerU May-1

[ 37° ]

Houstonia Cal rule a. Blue-Flowered

Houstonia.

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C/q/} and Order.

Tetrandria Monogynia,

Generic Character.

Cor . l-petala, infundibuliformis. Capful a 2-locularis, 2~fperma, fupera.

Specific Character and Synonyms.

HOUSTONIA c a rule a foliis radicalibus ovatis, caule com-

pofito, pedunculis primis bifloris. Linn . Syft. Vegetab. ea. 14. Murr . />. 349. Ait. Hew. v. 1 . p. 141.

RUB! A parva foliolis aa geniculum unumquodque binis,

flore cseruleo fiiiulolo. Banifi. Virg. 1927. HOUSTONIA pnmo vere ubique Horens, floribus mfundi-

bumormibus dilate caeruleis, foliis parvis ad¬ verbs in caule paucis. Clayt. n. 60.

To this genus of plants Gronovius gave the name of Houf toniay in ho >u .of Dr. William Houston, a name that mull be faim-liar to all who have read the Gardener's Dictionary of Mr. Phi-l.p Miller, as there is fcarcely a page in that, book 111 which the writer does not record the obligations he is under to his much-valued and mod ufeful friend.

Of this genus, two lpecies only have been difcovered, both natives of Virginia, the ccerulea and purpurea; the former is the only one that has been introduced to this country, and that by Mr. Archibald Menzies, in 1785*.

We fcarcely know a plant that has afforded us more pleafure in the cultivation than this our little favourite ; though a native of the warmer parts of North-America, it bears our ordinary winters uninjured, is of ready growth, and, if paid the leail attention to, flowers perpetually, fpring, fummer, and autumn; fucceeds beft in a pot, and loves moifture; foil and fituation are not fo material to it: is increafed by parting its roots or by cuttings of the plant; has fcarcely colour enough in its flowers tojullify the term c a rule a.

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[ 37i ] •

Mirabilis Jalapa. Common Marvel

of Peru.

Clafs and Order . Pentandria Monogynia.

Generic Character.

Cor . infundibul. fupera. Cal. inferus. Ne&arium globofum germen includens.

Specific Char after and Synonyms.

MIRABILIS Jalapa floribus congeflis, terminalibus, ereCtis.

Linn. Syft. Vegetal, ed. 14. Murr. p. 218. Ait. Kezv. p. 234.

SOLANUM mexicanum, flore magno. Bauh. Pin. 168. MIRABILIA Peruviana. The Marvaile of Peru. Ger. Herb.

p. 272. cum. fig.

ADMIRABILIS. The Mervaile of the World. Park. Par.

p. 365. t. 369. /. 9.

From Peru, its original place of growth, this plant was introduced to Europe at a very early period ; the names it bore on its introduction, fufficiently teftify the admiration in which it was held: it was well known both to Gerard and Par¬ kinson ; the latter devotes a whole page of his Parad. terr. to its defcription and culture, with the latter he appears to have been perfectly well acquainted, and even to have known the feverai varieties which we now cultivate.

It being a common praCtice to raife this plant from feed, fome have been led to regard it as an annual, but it is ftriCtly perennial ; the roots in their native country, where they are never killed by frolt, acquire, like thofe of the potatoe, a pro¬ digious fize ; the flowers, of which the plant is very productive, open towards evening, whence, in the Weft-Indies, it has been called the four o’clock plants and continue expanded till the next

day’s

day's fun clofes them up ; we have obferved that the continuance of their expanfion is in proportion to the power of the fun, and that late in the autumn, or in cloudy weather, they continue open moft of the day ; we have obferved alfo, that a bed of thefe flowers communicates a delightful fragrance to a conli- derabie diltance ; to the tafte the whole plant is highly acri¬ monious, probably purgative, if not poifonous : it was once fuppofed that its roots produced the jalap of the fhops, when that opinion was found to be erroneous, Linnaeus fhould have changed the trivial name of Jalapa to that of peruviana , as it now tends to miflead.

The principal varieties in point of colour are the purple, the white, the yellow, the variegated purple and white, the variegated purple and yellow ; each of thefe, contrary to the opinion entertained of varieties, is found to produce the fame.

The ufual mode of raifing thefe plants is from feed, which they plentifully produce ; your early-blowing plants muft be railed on a hot-bed, your late ones in the open ground, tranf- planting them when of a proper fize ; or take up the roots of your plants as you do your potatoes, preferve them during winter in dry fand, and plant them in the fpring; thefe will make ftronger plants, and will blow earlier than feedlings, viz. in Auguft, and you will hereby be fure of continuing any particular fort.

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[ 372 ]

Zygophyllum Insuave. Unpleasant

Bean-Caper.

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C/tf/j Order .

Decandria Monogynia,

Generic CharaBcr.

Cal. 5-phyllus. Petala 5. Ne Barium 10-phyllam germen tegens. Caff. 5-locularis.

Specific CharaBer and Synonyms .

ZYGOPHYLLUM infuave caule fruticofo, foliis conjugatis

petiolatis obovatis, frutlu laevi.

FAB AGO afra frutefcens minor, flore flavo magno, unguibus

petalorum fufcis. H. R, D. Boerh. hid . Att. p. 319.

In this genus of plants, the leaves have a peculiarity of growth, which gives birth to its botanic name of Zygophyllum^ and which, literally tranflated, would be Yokeleaf; twelve fpecies are enumerated in Prof. Gmelin’s edition of Linn, Syft. Nat . the plant here reprefented comes neareft to the Zyg- Morgsana figured in Dillenius’s Hort. Elth. and for which it has bv fome been miftaken ; but the characters in which the two plants differ, are fo very finking, that we have no doubt of being j uflified in making it a fpecies.

The leaves of Morgsana are flefhy, nearly feflile, and fcent- lefs ; thofe of our plant are not flefhy, (land on long footflalks, and diffufe widely a flrong foxy fmell, like that of Crown Imperial; the flowers of the Morgsana are fmall, thofe of the infuave large and ornamental, when the plant is healthy ; the feed-veffel of the Morgsana has four wings, ours not the leaf! appearance of any : other differences, it would be fuperfluous to point out.

This fpecies is mofl probably a native of the Cape, as it accords with the fhort defcription of Boerh a ve, above referred to; the precife time of its being introduced to this country, we have not been able to learn with certainty; it is not men¬ tioned either in the DiB. of Mr. Miller, or the Hort. Kew. of Mr. A 1 ton.

It is a green-houfe plant of ready growth ; flowers from July to September, and is eafily increafed by cuttings ; its unpleafant fcent will prove an infuperable bar to its general introduftion.

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[ 373 3

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Iris Chinensis. Chinese Iris.

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Clafs and Order . Triandria Monogynia.

Generic Character.

Cor , 6-partita, intequalis : laciniis alternis geniculato-patentibus. Stigmata petaliformia cucullato-bilabiata.

Specific Character.

IRIS Chinenfis radice repente, caule paniculato multifloro, flo- ribus criftatis, ftigmatibus laciniatis.

The public are indebted to Mr. Evans of the India-Houre, for the introduction of this plant from China, where it is a native.

It flowered lad year, at different periods, for the firft time, in many collections near London ; this irregularity of its blow¬ ing was occafioned, we prefume by its being kept in different degrees of heat, in the doves of fome, and the greendioules of others; Mr. Thomson, Nurferyman of Mile-End, at the clofe of the year, had it growing very luxuriantly in the open ground; but the very fevere winter of 1796-1797, in which the thermometer at Brompton was three degrees below o, deftroyed it; neverthelefs, there is no doubt but it will bear the cold of our ordinary winters, and thrive better in the open ground, in a moifl fituation, than in the ftove, or green-houfe, in either of which, however, it will flower very well ; and, where the plant is luxuriant, continue to do fo for a confider- able length of time, the bloffoms being numerous, and un¬ folding gradually : in a ftrong plant at Mr. Colvill’s, Nurfery¬ man, King’s-Road, we counted feven bloffoms expanded at one time on its different branches.

It differs from all other known Iris’s, in having a root per¬ fectly of the creeping kind, fending out flioots to a conflderable diftance, by which it is rendered very eafy of propagation ; its flowers, in form and colour, come neareft to thofe of Iris criftatay and have a conflderable degree of fragrance.

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C 374 ]

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Cyrilla Pulchella. Scarlet-Flowered

Cyrilla.

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C/q/} Order .

Did Y NAM I A AnGIOSPRMIA.

Generic Characler.

Cal. fuperus, 5-phyllus. Cor . declinata, infundibuliformis. Limbus planus, 5-partitus, fubaequalis. Rudimentum flla» menti quinti. Cap/, femibilocularis.

Specific CharaEier and Synonyms.

CYRILLA pulchella. L’Herit. Stirp. Nov. t. yt. COLUMNEA ere cl a. Lc Lamarck cncycl. 2. p. 66. BIJCHNERIA coccinea. Scop, infubr. 2. p. 10. t. 5. ACHIMENES minor erecia (implex, foliis crenatis ovatis

oppofitis vel ternatis, floribus petiolatis fin- gularibus ad alas. Browne Jam. 271. t. 30.

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After receiving various appellations, this plant has been finally named Cyrilla, by Monf. L’Heritier, in honour of Dominico Cyrillo, M. D. Profeflbr of Medicine at Naples, and author of Plant# rariores regni Neapolitaniy See. Cyrilla racemofa is referred by Swartz to the Genus Jtea.

This beautiful exotic is a native of Jamaica; Dr. Browne found it near Hope-River, in the lower mountains of Liguanea; he recommends it to be cultivated as an ornamental plant, fays that it thrives bed in a cool gravelly foil, well furnifhed with moifture, and intermixed with a rich foil ; to this country it was introduced by Mr. William Forsyth in 1778, and is now very generally cultivated in our Roves; it will not fucceed in a green-houfe ; but, provided it has a fufficient de¬ gree of heat, there is no difficulty attends its culture ; it throws out from its roots abundance of fquamous (hoots of a lingular appearance, by which it is readily increafed.

It flowers from AuguR to October,

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• L 375 1

Astragalus Monspessulanus. Mont¬ pelier Milk-Vetch.

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Clafs and Order. Diadelphia Decan dr i a.

Generic Character.

Capfula (plurimis) 2-locularis, gibba. Filamentum folitariu'm teres. Linn. Syft. Nat. ed. Gmel. p. 1132.

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Specific Character and Synonyms.

ASTRAGALUS monfpejfulanus acaulis, fcapis declinatis Ion-

gitudine foliorum, leguminibus fubulatis te- retibus fubarcuatis glabris. Linn. Syft. Veg. ed. 14. Murr. p. 684. Mant. 450. Ait . Lew. v. -2. p. 77.

ASTRAGALUS monfpeffulanus. Bauhin. Hift. 3. p. 338.

Magnol. Bot. Monfp. p. 33.

ASTRAGALUS purpureus perennis monfpelienfis. Mori/.

Hift . 2. p. 10 6.

The plants of this genus are very numerous, and many of them highly ornamental ; the brilliant colours which the blof- foms, but more efpecially the flower-cups, of the prefent fpe- cies exhibits, juftly entitle it to a place in the flower-garden.

It is a native of the South of France; Magnol informs us, that it grows in dry places about Montpelier ; is a hardy peren¬ nial, of ready growth, flowers early in July, and has ripened its feeds in my garden at Rrompton ; by thefe the plant is mo ft advantageoufly increafed ; it may alfo be railed from cuttings of the ftalks : moft of this tribe have large roots, penetrating to a great depth, which not being eafily divifible, renders it difficult to increafe them by parting their roots.

The beft fituation for this plant is an elevated one, among {tones, or rock-work, where its flowering ftems may hang down; thus its bloffoms are difplayed to greater advantage, and not Id liable to be disfigured as when lying on the ground.

Dr. William Pitcairn had the honour of introducing this plant in 1 776.

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[ 376 }

Salvia Formosa. Shining-Leaved Sage.

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Cla/s and Order .

Dianpria Monogvnia,

Generic Character.

Cor* inaequalis. Filamenta tranfverfe pedicello affixa*

Specific Character and Synonyms •

SALVIA formoja foliis fubcordatis, corollarum galea barbate calycibus trilobis, eaule frutefcente. L‘ Merit. Stirp. nov. p. 41. t. 21. Ait. Kew * v * 1. p. 43.

SALVIA Leonuroides. Gloxin. Obf. Bot . p . 15, t. 2.

SALVIA pyrifolia. Domb . Per mff.

This charming fpecies of Sage, diftinguiflied by its heart- fhaped gloffy leaves and fcarlet flowers, is a native of Peru, and was introduced to the royal garden at Kew, by Monf. Thou in, in 1783 : it is now very generally cultivated near London, as a green-houfe plant; the foliage, but more efpe- cially the flower-cups, when bruifed, emit a fmell fomewhat like Clary ; the bloffoms which appear during the latter part of fummer loon drop, even before they decay : the plant is ealily propagated by cuttings ; in the winter it requires to be placed in a warm and dry green-houfe, and to be fparingly watered, being tender and apt to go off.

In the figure and defcription of this plant, given by MonL L’Heritier in the work above referred to, we may be faid to have a modei of perfeflion.

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Erodium Romanum. Roman Crane’s-Bill,

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Clafs 1777^ Order.

Mon adelphi a Pent an dri a*

Generic Char aider.

Cal. 5-phyllus. Cor. 5-petala. Net 1. SqHamul<e 5, aim fliametvtis alternantes ; et Glandule melliferae, bafi ftaminum infldentes. Fruttus 5-coccus, roflratus ; rofira fpiralia, introrfum barbata.

Specific Character and Synonyms.

ERODIUM romanum acaule, fcapis radicalibus mukifloris, foliis pinnatis, foliolis pinnatifldis, L Merit, n. 11. Ait. Kew. v. 2. p. 414.

GERANIUM romanum . Linn . Sp. PI. ed. 3. p. 951. GERANIUM myrrhinum tenuifolium, amplo flore purpureo, Barr. rar. 568. t. 1245*

In point of foliage, a great fimilarity exifls betwixt the pre- fent plant, and the Gerartium cicutarium of Linnaeus, a wild Britifh native, common on many of the banks and walls about London ; there is alfo a confiderable affinity in the form and colour of their flowers ; but the romanum is a perfectly diflinht fpecies, differing in having a root of longer duration, and which is more properly perennial than annual ; indeed we have no doubt but that, in its natural ftate, it is perfehlly fo : in the cultivated plant the flowering Items rife immediately from the root, not from the flalks, as in the G. cicutarium .

This lively little plant begins flowering in April, and con¬ tinues to do fo during molt of the fummer months, producing feeds in abundance, which falling on the ground vegetate, and increafe the plant; we have indeed found that it is much dif- pofed to become a weed, in dry paftures, or on grafs, not very frequently mown, which it moll agreeably enlivens; a dry fltuation fuits it bell : it is well calculated to grow among Hones, or rock-w7ork*

Grows fpontaneoufly in Italy, and is faid by Linn/eus to be found in the ftreets of Rome ; was cultivated in Chelfca garden in 1724.

Its feeds are a curious objeft, the manner in which they are detached when perfectly ripe, in hot, dry Weather, and the fcrew-like form which the tail of the ariilus quickly affumes, is highly deferving of attention.

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C 378 ]

Roella Ciliata. Prickly Roella*

Clafs and Order .

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Pe NTANDRIA MONOGYNIA&

Generic Character.

Cor. infundibuliformis, fiindo claufo ftaminiferis valvulis. Stigma 2-fidum. Cap/. 2-locularis cylindrica infera.

Specific Character and Synonyms .

ROELLA ciliata foliis ciliatis, mucrone refto. Linn. Sp. PL ed. 3. p. 241. Syft. Vegetab . ed. 14. Murr . p. 211. Ait. Kew. v. 1. p. 225.

CAMPANULA africana frutefcens aculeofa, flore violaceo. Comm. Hort. v. 2. p. 77. t. 30.

CAMPANULA africana humilis pilofa, flore ex albido languide purpureo. Seb. Lhef. 1. p. 25. t. 16. f. 5. ACULEOSA mauritanica, ericae foliis hirfutis rigidis infefto mucrone pungentibus. Pluk. Ain * 8. t. 252. f. 4.

As a genus, Roella is very nearly related to Campanula.

In a flower of this fpecies recently expanded, we fee diftin&Iy five (hades of colour, which being difpofed in rings, or circles, produce a ftriking effeft ; the bottom of the flower is white, of a yellowifh caft, next fucceeds a circle of deep blue, inclining to black, with afurface highly glazed, the next circle is greyifh blue, refembling fatin, the next nearly white, and the outermofl pale purple.

The antherae at firfl are clofely applied to the furface of the corolla, and refemble fo many fmall ridges ; the fligma, as in many other flowers, does not affume its true appearance till the corolla is on the decay, then it becomes bifid.

This fhrub of low growth, long fince known to the Dutch Botanifls, is a native of the Cape, and was introduced by Mr. Masson in 1774; it flowers in }une, and continues in bloffom feveral weeks : its foliage does not correfpond with the elegant appearance of its blofloms; it is a green-houfe plant, ufually incrcafed by cuttings, but not readily, nor is the plant fo eafy of culture as many others.

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[ 379 ]

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Narcissus Tenuior. Slender Narcissus.

Ar j* •$* . yV A ; A .A .A jg- >'g..AV.

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Clafs and Order .

Hexandria Monogynia.

Generic Character*

Pet ala 6 aequalia ; Neffario infundibuliformi l-phyllo; 57^- tfz/tftz intra Nettarium.

Specific Character.

NARCISSUS tenuior foliis lineari fubulatis canaliculatis, fcapo

unifloro, neftario brevi rotato plicato.

In the month of May 1794, I drift obferved this Narciffus in a (ingle, but moftly in a double (late, in the garden of Mr. James Maddock, Florid at Walworth, who obtained bulbs of it from Holland, under the name of Narcijfus jlore Jul - phureo junquifolius ; by the Dutch it appears to have been long cultivated : of what country it is a native does not appear as yet ; there is little doubt of its being an European plant, it being found to be perfectly hardy ; as a fpecies it is certainly very di din 61, though inferior in fize and beauty to many others.

Root the fize of a fmall nutmeg, of a pale brown colour, leaves about a (pan long, very narrow, at their bafe fcarcely a quarter of an inch wide, tapering gradually to a point, which is fomewhat obtufe, the outer fide is convex and fomewhat fluted, the inner concave, not glaucous; dalk fomewhat longer than the leaves, round, flightly flattened, efpecially on its upper part, fupporting on its fummit one flower (I have never obferved more) this poffeffes a confiderable fragrance, lefs powerful than that of the Jonquil, and more fo than that of odorus ; the fpatha is membranous, length of the peduncle, which is about an inch long ; flower, when fully blown, (landing horizontally ; tube greenifh, nearly cylindrical, fomewhat longer than the pe¬ duncle; limb flat, divided into fix fegments, of a pale-yellow or fulphur colour, ovate, the three alternate fegments larged, each terminating in a fhort mucro; neffary yellow, inform like that of bifiorus * plaited, the margin of it as the dower ad¬ vances becoming brown, the antherte of the three longed (tamina vilible in the mouth of it.

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Dolichos Lignosus. Purple Doliciios.

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Clafs and Order .

Diadelphia Decandria.

Generic Character.

Vexilli baits callis 2 parallelisoblongis alas fubtus comprimentibus*

Specific Character and Synonyms .

DOLICHOS lignojus volubilis, caule perenni, pedunculis ca-

pitatis, leguminibus ftri&is linearibus. Linn . *S)yL Vegctab. ed. 14. Murr. p. 658. Hort . Cliff. Ait . Jfew. 3. p, 32. # Smith. Spicil. Bot. t. 2. CACARA fivePhafeolusperennis. Rumph.fiAmb. $.p. 378 136,

The plant here reptefented has very generally been regarded as the Dolichos lignojus of Linn^us, and we are confirmed in the idea of its being fo from his own figure in the Hort . CY/jf. and that in the Her bar. Amboin. to which he refers, rather than from its according with his Ipecific defeription, for with that the plant is evidently at variance, the feed-veffels being neither ftraight nor linear, but evidently curved, as reprefented on the plate : in their natural fituation the concave part is turned up¬ wards. Rumphius deferibes the germen under the term corni- culum furfum elevatum, and the feed-veffels as parum in cur v a : Dr. Smith, on the contrary, taking no notice of the impro¬ priety of Lin n crus’s defeription, fays they are a little recurved * whether this term be ftriftly applicable to the feed-veffels in the Linn&an fenfe of the word, may perhaps admit of a doubt t.

Rumphius informs us, that the feed-veffels of this plant are a common food throughout India, eaten as our French or kid¬ ney beans are, to which however he obferves, that they are far inferior ; of that extenfive country it is confidcred as a native, there are good grounds for regarding it alfo as a native of Spain and Portugal : we were favoured with feeds of it by Mr. John White, of Fleet-Street, which had been gathered at Gibraltar by his brother, Lieut. White, of the S26. regiment.

This plant, fo far from requiring a ftove, is hardy enough to bear our ordinary winters, when placed againft a wall in a fheltered part of the garden ; but it is ufually kept in the green- bo ufe as a climber, for which it is well adapted, as it continues, if it has plenty of pot room, during moft of the fummer to throw out abundance of bright purple flowers, in fucceffion ; thefe foon fade, and are followed by feed-veffels, which have produced ripe feeds in my garden at Brompton, and by thefe the plant is readily increafed.

* Introd. by Monk Thou in, i 776. f Vid. Marty n’s Lang, of Bot. Term recurvum*

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[ 381 ]

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Three-Coloured Ixia.

Clafs and Order . Triandria Monog y n r a.

Generic Character.

Cor . 6-partita, campanulata, regularis. Stigmata 3.

Specific Character .

IX I A tricolor foliis enfiformibus ereclis, fcapa flexuofo fab- trifloro, fpathis fufco maculatis, tenuiffime fulcato pi icat is*

We do not remember ever to have been fo forcibly {truck with the beautiful appearance of a flower, as with that of the prefent Ixia, nor do -we recollect any one that can boaft co¬ lours at once fo various, fo brilliant, and fo pleafmg ; placed by the fide of the Amaryllis formqfiJJimay farnienjis , vittata, the Gift us form of us , Pelargonium tricolor , or a hundred other plants of the more beautiful forts, the eye would be fixed by this alone.

It is a plant of taller growth than the Ixia crocata , the flalk fifing to the height of about afoot and a half, the lower half of it is curioufly enveloped by the foliage, ufually Ample, round, fmooth, crooked, fupporting on its fummit two or three flowers, feme- times more, leaves fword-fhaped, perfectly fmooth, extending to the lowermoft flower; flowers large, feffile, enclofed before they expand in a bivalve membranous (heath, which, on its lower part particularly, is deeply grooved or plaited, and the whole of it is finely fpotted ; to fee the Angularity and beauty of this part5 it is neceffary to ufe a fmall magnifier : the flowers are fuperbly brilliant, the bale of each petal is fine yellow, the middle is marked with a large arrow-fhaped fpot of a dark-purple hue, with the appearance of velvet, a line of which runs down through the yellow and terminates before it reaches the bottom of the petal, the remainder of the petal is of a colour difficult to deferibe (a kind of bright orange) the anthers are yellow, the ftigma trifid, each fegment purplifh and bifid. Though new to this country, this plant has been known fome years to the Dutch, we find it in their catalogues under the name of Ixia ftellata tricolor * no doubt they received it from the Cape. This fpecies is propagated with the fame eafe that mod of the Ixias are, and requires the fame manage¬ ment, — to be planted in a pot of bog-earth and fecured from froft. It has ripened feeds with me at Brompton ; one capfule contained ten.

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Silene Ornata. Dark-Coloured

Catchfly.

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Cz/. ventricofus. Pctala 5-unguiculata coronata ad faaccm* Czj)/: 3-locularis.

Specific Character.

SILENE ornata calycibus fru&us ohlongis carinatis pilofis, petal is, bifidis, Foil is lanceolads pubefeentibus vifeods planis, cattle vifeido. Ait , Kew. v. 2. p. 96.

The beauty of this plant confids merely in the colour of its flowers, which is dark red, fomewhat like that of the Clove pink ; the plant itfelf is of rude growth, and requires frequent attention to keep it in order : it grows readily, riflng to the height of about two feet, blows freely during mod of the dimmer months, and ripens its feeds, from which the plant may eafily be raifed ; but it is mod commonly propa¬ gated by cuttings, which Arikc freely.

It is fir A deferibed in the Hort. Kew. and has not, to our knowledge, been figured till now ; Mr. Aiton informs us, that it is a biennial, and was introduced from the Cape by Mr. Masson, in 1775.

There are few greenhoufes near London in which the plant is not to be met with.

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Corn-Flag.

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Cl afs and Order . Triandria Monogynia.

Generic Char after.

Cor . 6-partita tubulofa ringens. Stamina adfcendentia.

Specific Character and Synonyms .

GLADIOLUS fecuriger foliis lineari-enfiformibus planis, fauce

labii luperioris trilaminato : laminis ungui- formibus perpendicularibus, bradets obiuiis. Ait . Kew . v. l. p. 6$.

The term fecuriger implies the carrying an ax or hatchet ; the flower of this Gladiolus bears internally three projeding lamina, or thin plates, which have been fancifully compared to fo many hatchets ; and hence the name fecuriger.

This fingular fpecies of Gladiolus, fo nearly related to fome of the Ixias, and firfl defcribed in the Hortus kewenjis> is a native of the Cape, and was introduced in 1774, by Mr. M A s s O N .

It flowers in May and June, requires the fame treatment a Ixias in general, is a free blower, and produces offsets tolerable abundance.

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[ 3§4 ]

Crassula Cotyledon. Tree Crassula.

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Clafs and Order.

Pentandria Pentagynxa.

Generic Character.

Cal. 5-phyllus. Pet 5. Squama 5-netiariferae ad bafin ger- xninis. Cap/. 5-polyfpermae.

Specific Char after and Synonyms.

CRASSULA Cotyledon foil is fubrotundis -carnofis fupra punfta-

tis, caule arboreo. Linn . SyJJ. Vegetal? . ed. 14. Murr. Ait. Kew. v. 1. p. 393. Jacq. Mifcell. 2. p. 295. t. 19.

COTYLEDON arborefcens caule ramofo fucculento foliis

obverfe ovatis emarginatis, marginibus purpureis. Mill , Dift. ed. 6. 4. to.

In the habit of this plant, but more efpecially in its foliage, there exifts a great fimilarity to the Cotyledon orbiculata , figured t. 321 of this work ; there will be found however to be a very great difference in the form of their flowers, thofe of the Craffula referable the flowers of a Sedum ; to which genus, indeed, it has great affinity, but a lingular trait in this plant is its indifpofition to (lower: Mr. Fairbairn in¬ forms me, that he never faw it produce bloffoms in Chelfea Garden till the prefent fummer ; Mr. Miller never faw it flower, nor does it appear that Mr. Aiton ever did. At Chelfea Garden there are feveral plants of this fpecies, fome of which form fmall trees ; one of thofe, but not the oldeft, produced this fummer feveral bunches of flowers, which con¬ tinued during May and June: in the treatment of thefe plants there has been no variation, they are conftantly kept in a glafs- cafe with other fucculents.

It is a native of the Cape, and was cultivated by Miller In 1739*. Is readily increafed by cuttings.

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• [ 385 ]

Monsonia Lobata. Broad-Leaved

Mon sonia.

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Poly adelpiii a Dodecandria,

Generic Char alter.

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Cal. 5-phylIus. Cor. 5-petaIa. Siam. 15 connata .in 5 fda~ menta. stylus 5-hdus. Ch//. 5-cocca.

Specific Character and Synonyms.

MONSONIA lobata foliis cordatis lobatis dentatis. Ait. Hort.

Kezv. v. 2 . p. 100.

MONSONIA lobata foliis ovato-cordatis fublobatis, calycibus

muticis. Linn. Syft. Vegetal, ed. 14. Murr. p.

697-

MONSONIA filia foliis (implicibus cordatis lobatis. Lin n*

SuppL p. 341.

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MONSONIA lobata. Mon tin. in all. got hob. 2. p. 1. t. 1.

In the third volume of this work we have given a fi gu re

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and account of the Monfonia fpcciofay to which the prefent fpecies, in its general habit, bears a great firnilitude, differ¬ ing principally in its foliage, which is undivided ; the flowers are fmaller than thofe of J'peciofay and more handfome in bud than when open; they are more frequently produced, but re¬ quire the influence of the fun to make them expand fully.

It is a native of the Cape, and was introduced by Mr. Masson in 1774.

Flowers in April and May ; requires the fame treatment and is propagated in the fame manner as the fpeaofa.

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[ 385 ]

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Ranunculus Parnassifolius. Parnassia-

Leaved Crowfoot.

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Clafs and Order.

POLYANDRIA PoLYGYNIA,

Generic Char after.

Cal. deciduus 5-phylIus (rarius 3-phyIlus). Petala 5 (Varies 2, 3, aut 8) intra ungues fquamula vel poro mellifero, 6'/}’//

perfiftentes. 6V77/. incruflata erefla.

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Specific Char after and Synonyms.

RANUNCULUS parnafifolius foliis fubovatis nervous linearis

integerrimis petiolatis, floribus umbellatis* Linn. Syft . Vegetab. ed. 14. Murr: p. 515® Ait. Kew. v. 2. p. 265.

RANUNCULUS montanus graminis parnaffi folio. Lourncf

Inf. 286.

In the autumn of 1796, I received roots of this and feveraf other rare and curious Alpine plants from Mr. Neckar de Saussure, at Geneva, and have been fo fortunate as to bring the prefent plant to flower with me early in the fummer of 1797, and to fliew figns of ripening fome of its feeds: it grew with me in a fmall pot of loam and bog-earth, fheltered during the winter in a frame.

Mr. Aiton* informs us, that this fpecies was introduced by Meffrs. Kennedy and Lee, in 1769, but there is no mention made of its flowering ; fmall indeed is, we believe, the number of Botanifts who have feen this plant in flower, as neither Lin¬ naeus, Murray, or Gmeein, refer to any figure of it ; this has proved an additional inducement for us not to let the pre¬ fent opportunity flip of prefenting to the botanical 'world a figure of this rare and precious jewel of the Alps,

✓

* Ilort. Kew.

2\ii. by TtCCur/zj' aJ- &Crer>: Oct./. /yrV/r-

[ 38? ]

Epidendrum Aloides. Aloe-Leaved

Epidendrum.

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C/#/} Order.

Gynanqria Diandria.

Generic Char after.

Neftarium turbinatum obliquum reflexum.

Specific Charafter and Synonyms .

EPIDENDRUM aloifoliitm foliis radicalibus oblongis obtufis

fuperne latioribus. Linn. Syfi. Vegetal . ed . 14. Murr.p. 818. Spec. PL ed. 3. p. 1350. KANSI JRAM-MARAVARA. Rhecde Malab. 12. p. 17. t. 8.

The prefent Epidendrum is figured anddefcribed in Rheede’s Hort. Malab. from whence we learn that it is parafitical to fe- veral trees in India, but moft frequently found on the Strychnos Nux Vomica.

A few years fince, my friend Mr. Vere, of Kenfington, re¬ ceived this plant from India, by the kindnefs of his neighbour J. Devaynes, Efq. Placed in a pot of earth and plunged in the tan pit of the Hove, it grew, increafed, and now flourifhes, but has not blown: with Meffrs. Grimwood and Wykes, Nurferymen, Kenfington, the plant has flowered this fummer; inftead of plunging it in the tan, they fet it on the flue of the hove; and to this variation in its treatment, its flowering is perhaps to be attributed.

The leaves of this plant were fomewhat more than a foot in length, rather flefhy, and very rigid ; they had this fingularity, at the extremity one-half projected beyond the other, the flowering branch fprung from the bafe of the leaves and ex¬ tended to about the fame length, the flowers grew in a fpike, feventeen or eighteen, moflly alternate, they appeared to have a (light but pleafing fragrance, the petals were of a dull purple colour marked with deeper llripes, their edges white or pale- buff colour, neflary nearly the fame colour, revolute, trifid, lower fegment marked about the middle with two yellow tubercles.

It is of more ready growth than parafitical plants in general^ and is increafed by parting its roots.

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[ 388 ]

Oenothera Anomala. Anomalous

Oenothera.

Clafs and Order.

OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

Generic Character.

Calyx 4-fidus. Petala 4. Capfula columnaris, infera, 4-locu- laris. Semina nuda, angulofa, fungofa.

Specific Character.

OENOTHERA anomala caule fruticofo, foliis ovato-lanceo-

latis dentatis, floribus Oenotheras, fruCtibus Gaurse.

Seeds of the prefent plant, a native of South-America, were fent by Profeffor Ortega, of Madrid, to the Marchionefs of Bute, in the year 1795, by the name of Gaura mutabilis : her Ladyfhip molt obligingly communicated to us a part of thofe, and many other rare and curious plants from the fame country, which in due time will appear in this work.

The plants which we raifed from feed, being fet in the open ground, perifhed by the feverity of the winter 1796-7; one raifed from a cutting and kept in the greenhoufe was preferved, and now forms a fhrub about two feet high, a peculiarity not to be met with either in the Oenothera or Gaura tribes* ; but this is not the only peculiarity obfervable in this plant ; its fructification affords characters highly eccentric ; the bloffom is, to all appearance, that of an Oenothera, differing merely in the form of its petals, which, when expanded, give to the flower a peculiar fquarenefs ; the feed veffel correfponds equally well with that of a Gaura, containing merely a few more feeds ; in the time and manner of the flowers expanding it agrees with

* The Oenothera fruticofa , notw’thftanding its name, not being (hrubby in the open ground ; perhaps it might be to in the greenhoufe, where flowering earlier, it might prove a valuable acquifltion.

the

the Oenothera, excepting that it is later in the evening before the flower opens, fo late, indeed, that its blowing, unlefs par¬ ticularly attended to, might efcape obfervation, before morning it clofes, changing in decay to a deep rich orange.

In ftriCt propriety, this plant ought, perhaps, to be made a new genus of, according to what is at prefen t known of the genera Oenothera and Gaura ; as more fpecies of each are difcovered, they may poffibly be found to run into each other; it is poffible alfo, that other plants may be found with fructi¬ fications fimilar to the one here figured, in that cafe there will be no hefitation in forming them into a new genus.

Should this plant be found too tender to bear our ordinary frofts in the open air, {fill, as it readily ripens its feeds in fuch fituations, it may be raifed yearly from feed, and regarded as a tender annual, as well as a greenhoufe plant.

In the open border it flowers in September, in the green¬ houfe more early.

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C 389 ]

Gaura Biennis. Biennial Gaura.

Clafs and Order *

O CT AN t)R I A MONOGYNIA*

Generic Character.

Calyx 4-Rdus, tubulofus. Cor . 4-petala, afcendens verfus latus

fuperius. Drupa corticofa, infera, 2docularis. Nux 1 fperma,

4 angula*

Specific Character and Synonyms .

GAURA biennis. Linth Syfi. Vegetal, ed. 14. Murr. p. 358. Ait. Kew. v. 2.

LYSIMACHIA Chameenerio fimilis floridana, foliis nigris pun&is, capfulis carinatis in ramulorum cymis. Pink. Amalth. 139. /. 428. fi 2.

We have here given a reprefentation of the Gaura biennis , that its flowers and feeds may be contrafled with thofe of the Oenothera anomala figured in the fame number. The flowers of the Gaura will be found to differ extremely in form and fituation from thofe of the Oenothera, yet they agree precifely in that curious part of their ceconomy, opening in the evening; the plant agrees alfo with many fpecies of that genus, in being a biennial*

The prefent is the only fpecies of Gaura which, as yet, has been difcovered ; it is a native of North^America, and was introduced to this country in 1762, by that excellent Gardener and truly refpe&able chara&er, Mr* James Gordon, of Mile-End.

This plant, which is of the hardy herbaceous kind, grows to the height of four or five feet, producing many branches, which on their fummits are thickly covered with white flowers, having rofe-coloured calyces ; when expanded they produce a fine effect in the evening, fo as to juftify the name given to it* ; much of their beauty remains in the morning : it is to be obferved that each flower opens only once.

It bloffoms in Augufl, September, and O&ober, and yields abundance of feeds, which, if left to fcatter themfelves, pro¬ duce plenty of young plants, and which of a proper age may fuccefsfully be tranfplanted. Being liable, from its height, to fuffer from high winds, it is neceffary early and carefully to flick it.

* Gaura from the Greek fuperbus.

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[ 39^ ]

Magnolia Purpurea. Purple Magnolia

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C4t/} <2/?d Order.

I’OLYANDRIA PoLYGYNIA.

Generic Character.

Calyx 3-phyllus* Petala g. Capful *e bivalves imbricate

Semina baccata pendula.

Specific Char after.

MAGNOLIA purpurea fioribus hexapetalis, petalis extus

purpureis.

There is a magnificence about the plants of this genus which renders them unfuitable fubjefls of rep re fen tat ion in a work the fize of ours; nor would it have been in our power to have given a figure of this new and beautiful fpecies, differing lb materially from all the others in the colour of its flowers, had we not fortunately been favoured by the Countefs of Coventry with a fmall plant of it, about a foot high, which flowered with her Ladyfhip in town ; we have Alice feen much larger plants with proportionate flowers.

It is a native of China, and is reported to have firft flowered in the colleflion of the Duke of Portland, at Bulflrode ; is regarded as a greenhoufe plant, and mod probably will be found hardy enough with a little fhelter to bear the cold of our winters*

In a confervatory, when in a flourifhing date, it will flower during moft of the furtimer, and is increafed without much difficulty by layers and cuttings.

Defcription : Stalk fhrubby, round, green, marked with whitifh dots ; leaves from three to nine inches long, and from one and a half to four broad, (landing on foot (talks of a yellowifh colour, ovate, running out to a fharp point, narrowed towards the bafe, (lightly downy ; flower about the fize of a middling tulip, without fcent, cupping fomewhat in the fame way, rarely fully expanding, at leafl in the greenhoufe ; petals fix in number, ovate, rather flefhy, the three outermoft ex¬ panding more than the three innermoft, all of a purple hue on the outfide, bafe, midrib, and veins of a deeper hue, here and there gafhed ; calyx compofed of three leaves, which are very fhort, fpreading, and turning down a little, of a pale green colour; (lamina very numerous, filaments fcarcely perceivable, antherae oblong, flefhy, with two cells opening, inwardly ; piftilla numerous, forming a conical head, rifling above the flamina, compofed of numerous fhort flyles placed clofe together, one above another, of a purple hue.

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[ 39 1 ]

Philadelphia Coronarius. Common Philadelphia, or Mock-Orange.

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Clafs and Order .

ICOSANDRIA MONOGVNIA.

Generic Char after.

Cal. 4 f. 5-partitus, fuperus. Petala 4 f. 5. Cap/. 4 f. 5-I0

cularis, polyfperma.

Specific Char after and Synonyms. PIIILADELPHUS coronarius foliis fubdentatis. Linn. Syfl.

Veget. ed. 14. Murr. p. 460. Ait.Kew.

v. 2. p. 155.

SYR INGA alba, five Philadelphia Athenaei. Bauh . Pin .

p. 398.

FRUTEX coronarius. C/a/] Hi/, p. 55. /! 1.

The Philadelphus ccronarius is one of the moft common fhrubs of our gardens, and known to moft perfons by the name of Mock-orange, the bloffoms in point of feent being fuppofed to have fome affinity with thofe of the orange ; in our account of the Syringa vulgaris , ox Lilac, p. 183, the reader will find fome curious obfervations on the feent of thefe flowers, by old Gerard, which are there by miftake attributed to the Lilac ; this the reader is requeued to correft and pardon. To prevent fimilar miflakes in future, it will be neceffary to ceafe applying the term Syringa to this plant altogether.

Th is flirub is hardy, and readily propagated by fuckers ; it. ufually flowers in May, but it is only in feafons unufually mild and favourable, that its bloffoms and foliage are feen in per¬ fection, as they are very apt to be disfigured by the cold winds which, more or lefs, prevail at that time ; it is only when gently forced that its beauty is fully difplayed, and for that purpofe it is a flirub often ufed.

It was cultivated by Gerard in 1597. Clusius obferves, that he never faw it in a wild (late, nor had he been able to determine whether it was known to the ancients; Linnaeus feems to have had his doubts as to its original place of growth, by putting Habitat Veronae” with a quere ; Miller fays, where it naturally grows is uncertain ; Mr. Aiton deferibes it as a native of the South of Europe.

A dwarf variety of it is mentioned by authors, which has little to recommend it ; and another with variegated foliage, which is apt to become wholly green. The leaves, as authors have obferved, tafle like cucumber.

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[ 392 ]

Primula Longifolia. Long-Leaved

Primula.

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CAz/} <7/7^ Order.

Pentandria Monogynia.

» Generic Char alder,

tnvolucrum urn bell ulss. Corolla tubus cylindricus : ore patulo*

Specific Character and Synonyms.

PRIMULA longifolia foliis fpathulatis, denticulatis, utrinque nudis, poft florefcentiam elongatis, ereftiufculis ; umbel la erefta, multiflora.

The plant here figured we received, about three years fince, from MefTrs. Grimwood and Co. Nurferymen, Kenfington, to whom it had been recently Pent from France by Mr. Wil¬ liams, Nurferyman, near Paris, but without any information as to its original place of growth.

We have found it to be a very hardy perennial fpecies, bearing a great affinity to the Primula fari?iofa) but differing from it in many effential points both of foliage and (lowers.

The leaves differ in form, colour, and mode of growth : when fully grown, taking two plants of an equal degree of luxuriance, they are twice the length of thofe of farinofa; indeed, from their unufual length, when fully grown, which they are not when ' in flower, proportioned to the fize of the plant, we have thought that the term longifolia might well ferve as its trivial name. They are not mealy, the under fide being as green as the upper ; and they have a greater tendency to grow upright, the fcapus is fhorter and thicker, the flowers form a fimilar umbel ; but each individual bloffom is firraller, and in point of colour much lefs brilliant : upon the whole, though fuperior in fize, it is inferior to the farinofa in beauty.

It flowers early in May ; is a plant of ready growth ; will fucceed either in the pot or the open border, guarding it from the fun in fummer, and from fevere froff and too much wet in winter ; is propagated by parting its roots, either in September or the beginning of March.

We have found it very liable to be injured by the Aphis Plant-Loufe or Blighter.

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C 393 ]

Brunfelsia Americana. American

Brunfelsia.

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CU/} and Order .

Djdyn A M I A AnGIOSPERMIA.

Generic Character,

Calyx 5-dentatus, anguflus. Corolla; tubus longiffimus. unilocularis, polyfperma : conceptaculo carnofo maximo.

Specific Character and Synonyms, BRUNFELSIA americana foliis ellipticis, acuminatis, peti-

oils longioribus, corollas tubo erefto, limbo integro. Linn, Syft, Nat, Gmel, p. 929. Vegetab. ed, 14. Murr, p. 231. Ait, Kew. v, 1, p. 340. Swartz. ObJ. Botan. p. 90. t. 4. jig. 2.

BRUNFELSIA flore albo, fruEu croceo molli. Plum .

Gen. 12. ie, 65.

CATESB^EA ? fruticofa, foliis oblongo-ovatis, floribus fin-

gularibus. Brown Jam. 141.

Plumier gave to this genus of plants the name of Brim - feljiay in honour of Otho Brunfelsius, who at a very early period, 1530, publifhed figures of plants in wood, which have been generally admired for their fuperior excellence.

Till lately the prefent plant was confidered as the only known fpecies, but another has lately been added by Prof. Swartz, who informs us that the Brunfel/ia americana inhabits the mountainous parts of Jamaica, where it forms a tree from ten to fifteen feet high ; in his Obferv. Botan. he gives a minute defeription of it, and obferves that the flowers are extremely fragrant. It. was late in the prefent fummer, when we faw the plant here figured flowering in Mr. Colvill’s tan-ftove ; its fragrance to us was fcarcely perceptible : its bloffoms are large and fhewy, about the fize of thofe of the Allamanda cathartiea figured tab. 338, but of a much paler yellow, inclining to ful- phur colour ; thefe are produced during moft of the fummer months, and frequently in pairs.

This fhrub has long been cultivated in this country* ; Mr. Miller deferibes it in his Diflionary ; in Linnaeus’s works, fo late even as Murray’s edition of the SyJI. Veg. it ftands under the clafs Pentandria.

It is ufually increafed by layers and cuttings,

* By Miller in j 739.

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[ 394 3

Lychnis Alpina. Alpine Lychnis.

Clafs and Order . Decandria Pentagynia,

Generic Character*

Calyx l-phyllus, oblongus, lsevis. Petala 5, unguicuiata % Limbo fub-bifido. Capful a 5-locularis.

Specific Character and Synonyms.

LYCHNIS alpina, , petalis bifidis, floribus tetragynis. Linn.

Syfi. Veget . ed, 14. Murr. p. 435. Ait . Kew.

v. 2. p. 117.

SILENE floribus in capitulum congeftis. Hall. Helv. 376,

Of this genus there are many fpecies cultivated for orna¬ ment ; to the number of thefe we add the one here figured, a native of the mountainous countries of moft parts of Europe, and which at a future period may poflibly be found wild in fome unexplored part of this kingdom.

It is chiefly to the decoration of rock-work, that this dimi¬ nutive fpecies is applicable ; for that purpofe it has all the defirable requifites, being hardy, of ready growth, and forming a thick tuft of foliage, from which arife numerous flowering Items, four to fix inches high, fuftaining heads of flowers rather large in proportion to the plant, of a lively red colour, thefe appear in May, continue about three weeks, and are followed by feed-veflels with us, which contain abundance of ripe feeds ; by thefe the plant may eafily be propagated, it may alfo be increafed by parting its roots, fpring or autumn.

All plants kept in pots require to be regularly watered in dry weather; we have not found this Lychnis require an unufual quantity, though Miller was of that opinion.

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C 395 ]

Salvia Indica. Indian Sage,

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C/#/} and Order.

D IANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

Generic Character.

Corolla intequalis. Filament a tranfverfe pedicello affixa.

Specific Character and Synonyms »

SALVIA indica foliis cordatis, I ate rib us fublobatis ; fummis feflilibus, verticillis fubnudis remotiflimis. Linn. Syf. Veget. cd. 14. Murr. p. 69. Mant . 318.

A A. j£?w. 1. />. 41.

HO RMINUM hirfutum (lore violaceo pundlis aureis notato.

Mori/. Hi ft. 3. / 11. /. 1 3. /. 16.

SCLAREA indica fioribus variegatis. Lourn. Lift. 179.

Though a native of India, as its name implies, this magni¬ ficent fpecies of fage is found to be a hardy herbaceous plant, requiring, indeed, a little extraordinary care to be taken of it in fevere winters ; we have had it flower in great perfeclion in a large garden pot, but it will fucceed as well, or better, in the open border, where it will grow to the height of four or five feet, and produce during the months of }une and July abundance of flowers, Angularly and beautifully marked.

It may be increafed by parting its roots in the autumn or fpring, and alfo by feeds ; the latter we have found to be but fparingly produced in our garden at Brampton, though we conflder it as peculiarly favourable to the feeding of plants.

The beauty of tall plants, like the prefent, depends greatly on the pains taken in flicking them ; this buflnefs in general is not fufficiently attended to, being frequently deferred till it becomes a matter of neceffity rather than of choice ; we would therefore recommend it to our readers to fet about it early, foon after the plant emerges from the ground, efpecially in refpedl to all thofe which are furnifhed with tendrils, or have twining flalks ; the due execution of this work requires judg¬ ment, and will admit the difplay of fome tafte.

It appears that Mr. Miller cultivated this Sage at Chelfea, in the year 1731, and yet even now it is a plant rarely feen in. gardens.

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[ 396 ]

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Mesembryanthemum Spectabile. Shewy

Fig-Marigold,

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C/i?/} Order .

ICOSANDRIA PeNTAGYNIA,

Generic Character.

Calyx 5-fidus. Petala numerofa, linearia. Capfula carnofa, infera, polyfperma.

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Specific Character,

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MESEMBR Y ANT H EMU M fpettabile, foliis perfoliatis, Ion-

giffimis, glaucis, punftatis, integerrimis, tri- quetris, apice fubulatis, caule lignofo adfcen- dente, Haworth. Mefcmb. p. 385,

Mr. Haworth, in his obfervations on the genus Mefem- bryanthemum, gives to this fpecies the name of fpedlabilcy its bloffoms being uncommonly ffiewy.

Of' this tribe there are fpecies whofe (lowers are fuperior in fize and brilliancy of colour to the prefent, whofe leaves are more remarkable for the fmgularity of their form, yet in point of ornament, this, perhaps, is of all other the molt defirablc, as it continues to produce its fine large purple flowers during the whole of the fummer, is of ready growth, and raifed with¬ out difficulty from cuttings.

It has been introduced to this country within thefe few years,

moll probably from the Cape, by Mr. Masson.

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To Mr. H aworth’s defcription of the foliage we have only to add,* that the leaves fometimes throw out internally a tooth near their extremities, as is ffiewn in our figure.

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